• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2015

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene is known to be expressed in plants, and is involved in the differentiation, growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites. However, its expression in fungi remains to be explored. To understand its expression in mushroom fungi, the PAL gene of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes (Fvpal) was cloned and characterized. The cloned Fvpal consists of 2,175 bp, coding for a polypeptide containing 724 amino acids and having 11 introns. The translated amino acid sequence of Fvpal shares a high identity (66%) with that of ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake. Distinctively, the Fvpal expression in the mycelium was higher in minimal medium supplemented with L-tyrosine than with other aromatic amino acids. During cultivation of the mushroom on sawdust medium, Fvpal expression in the fruit body correspondingly increased as the mushroom grew. In the fruiting body, Fvpal was expressed more in the stipe than in the pileus. These results suggest that F. velutipes PAL activity differs in the different organs of the mushroom. Overall, this is first report to show that the PAL gene expression is associated with mushroom growth in fungi.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2017

Soybean sprouts are the third-most consumed vegetable in Korea. Several studies on cultivation techniques, including use of medicinal plants extracts, have been performed to enhance the quality and yield of soybean sprouts. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of lacquer, a medicinal plant extract, on the yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts. Linolenic acid content was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the sprouts produced by soaking seeds in lacquer extract diluted with equal volume of water. Lacquer extract significantly increased the flavonoid and phenolic contents (p<0.05). The content of total free amino acids, including ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid, was higher in lacquer extract-treated sprouts than in the untreated control. Results of this study suggest that lacquer extract could be used for enhancing the yield and nutritional values of soybean sprouts.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.96-106
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• 1984

Changes in weed floras and development of plant resistance to herbicides seemed to be closely related with increased and repeated use of herbicides. Herbicide use increased from 5% of the total consumption of pesticide in 1950 to 45% in 1976 in world basis. About 200 herbicides have been introduced to agriculture so as to control about 206 weed species which have been recorded important to human beings. In Korea, there was about 351 times in increased use of herbicides from 1966 to 1982. Interspecific selection by herbicide is mainly responsible for changes in weed floras and resulted in varying tolerance or susceptibility to herbicides, together with the changes of agricultural practices. The present trend toward continuous cereal cultivation throughout world will lead to type of changes in weed floras favorable to therophyte which can survive under unfavorable conditions as seeds rather than the types of geophyte which can survive unfavorable seasons as buds placed below soil surface. However, geophyte such as Sagitaria pygmaea, and Scirpus jurtcoides, and Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon in temperate warm climate become severe paddy weeds, presumably because of the removal of annual weeds by herbicides. Since differential tolerance to 2,4-D was firstly reported in Agrostis stolofera, about 30 species of weeds in 18 genera are presently known to have developed resistance to triazine herbicides. Resistance of weed biotypes to triazine herbicide is not mainly due to limited absorption and translocation or to the difference in metabolism, but is the result of biochemical changes at the site of metabolic activity, such as a loss of herbicide affinity for triazine binding site in the photosystem II complex of the chloroplast membrane. Genetical study showed that plastid resistance to triazine was wholly inherited through cytoplasmic DNA in the case of Brassica campestris. Plant tissue culture method can be utilized as an alternate mean of herbicide screening and development of resistance variants to herbicides as suggested by Chaleff and Parsons. In this purpose, one should be certain that the primary target process is operational in cell culture. Further, there are a variety of obstacles in doing this type of research, particularly development of resistance source and it's regeneration because cultured cells and whole plants represent different developmental state.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2013

Plants protect themselves from diverse potential pathogens by induction of the immune systems such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Most bacterial plant pathogens thrive in the intercellular space (apoplast) of plant tissues and cause symptoms. The apoplastic leaf exudate (LE) is believed to contain nutrients to provide food resource for phytopathogenic bacteria to survive and to bring harmful phytocompounds to protect plants against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we employed the pepper-Xanthomonas axonopodis system to assess whether apoplastic fluid from LE in pepper affects the fitness of X. axonopodis during the induction of SAR. The LE was extracted from pepper leaves 7 days after soil drench-application of a chemical trigger, benzothiadiazole (BTH). Elicitation of plant immunity was confirmed by significant up-regulation of four genes, CaPR1, CaPR4, CaPR9, and CaCHI2, by BTH treatment. Bacterial fitness was evaluated by measuring growth rate during cultivation with LE from BTH- or water-treated leaves. LE from BTH-treatment significantly inhibited bacterial growth when compared to that from the water-treated control. The antibacterial activity of LE from BTH-treated samples was not affected by heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Although the antibacterial molecules were not precisely identified, the data suggest that small (less than 5 kDa), heat-stable compound(s) that are present in BTH-induced LE directly attenuate bacterial growth during the elicitation of plant immunity.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2020

Urban problems raised by the concentration of population in urban areas have caused residents to migrate to other regions while causing other problems such as deteriorated infrastructure, traffic and environmental pollution problems in existing urban areas. As an alternative to improve this phenomenon, urban regeneration has emerged, and under the assumption that creating community vegetable gardens is effective in revitalizing cities considering their physical, social and cultural environment, frequency and descriptive analyses were conducted on the vegetable gardens in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea to examine differences in the components of the surrounding environment and the settlement, and community spirit of the two groups comprised of 30 and 35 persons who did not and did participate in gardening respectively. Regression analysis were conducted to determine whether there were changes in community spirit after participating in gardening. As a component of the surrounding environment, gardening and fence management were found to be important for both the groups, and they seemed to have high satisfaction with their residence because they wanted to continue to live in their neighborhood. Overall, the satisfaction evaluation results showed that those who participated in gardening showed a higher satisfaction level than those who did not. Based on the changes in community spirit after participating in the activity, it was found that there was a high level of perception in all the components, indicating that the gardening had a positive effect on the cultivation of community spirit. As such, the spaces called vegetable gardens are not only for doing physical activities but also as shared conversation topics, and through the activities in the gardens, changes in the awareness of local residents can be brought about through the formation of social networks and natural communication between neighbors. It can be concluded that they encourage residents to actively participate in improving the urban environment through activities such as planting.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

여름철 토마토 시설 재배 시 CO₂ 시용에 의한 고온적응성 향상을 구명하고 그 가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. CO₂ 시용 농도별 엽록소 형광을 측정한 결과 Fm/Fo과 Fv/Fm은 1000ppm 처리가 타 처리에 비하여 높았으며, Fo은 낮았다. 이는 1000ppm의 CO₂ 처리는 다른 처리에 비하여 고온 적응성이 높았음을 보여 주고 있다. 동일한 기온 조건하(30℃, 40℃)에서 광합성률은 CO₂ 농도에 따라 증가하였으며, 고온상태인 40℃ 조건하에서도 1000ppm의 CO₂ 시용은 30℃ 조건보다 광합성률은 낮았으나 그 값은 약 18.5μmolm^-2s^-1이였다. 슈퍼 도태랑(모모타로), 미니 찰 두 품종 모두 CO₂ 농도가 높을수록 항산화 효소인 Superoxide Dismutase 와 Peroxidase의 활성은 높았다. 미니찰 품종에서 CO₂ 농도와 온도변화에 따른 엽록소 형광 Fo의 변화양상을 조사하여 고온한계 온도를 추정한 결과 500ppm은 41℃, 1000ppm은 43℃였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.696-701
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• 2011

전북지역 과수원 토양 110개소를 대상으로 토양특성이 미생물분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 토양 중 미사함량이 많아질수록 호기성세균, 곰팡이, 미생물 biomass C 함량은 증가하였고, 탈수소효소 활성은 토성에 따라 차이가 없었다. 지형에 따른 미생물분포, 미생물의 biomass C 함량, 탈수소효소 활성은 차이가 없었고, 과수종류에 따라 coliform group은 배와 포도 재배지에서 각각 $133.0{\times}10^3\;CFU\;g^{-1}$, $107.4{\times}10^3\;CFU\;g^{-1}$으로 가장 높은 수준을 보였다. 과수재배기간이 길어질수록 미생물 밀도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 토양 pH, 유기물, 치환성 Mg 함량은 모든 미생물분포와 정의 상관관계를 보였고, Bacillus sp.는 조사한 모든 화학성분과 정의 관계를 보였다. 토양미생물의 biomass C 함량과 탈수소효소 활성은 유기물과 치환성 Ca 함량에 대해 고도의 유의성 (p<0.01)을 보였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.436-445
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• 2020

구기자 잎을 이용한 특허제품 개발 및 기능성 식품소재에 관한 연구는 다수 진행되고 있으나 구기자 잎을 규격화 표준화하여 대량으로 공급할 수 있는 생산체계는 확립되어 있지 않다. 이에 구기자 육성품종 중에서 잎 생산에 알맞은 품종을 선발하고 가공용 잎을 대량으로 생산할 수 있는 예취시기를 확립코자 하였다. 구기자 11품종 중 잎 생산에 적합한 품종은 '명안'이었고, 다른 품종에 비하여 잎이 크고 분얼과 재생력이 왕성하였을 뿐만 아니라 잎 건물수량도 높았다. '명안' 품종에서 구기자 잎 생산에 적합한 예취시기는 초장이 약 60 ~ 70 cm 자랐을 시기였고, 잎 수량은 5월 16일 수확 시 평균 106 kg/10a, 6월 20일 수확시 평균 287 kg/10a로서 수확시기가 늦어질수록 직선적으로 증가되었다. 구기자의 지표성분인 베타인 함량을 1.43 ~ 2.63% 범위였고, 품종과 예취시기에 따라 함량이 다른데 생육이 진전될수록 증가되는 경향이었다. 구기자나무 잎의 주요 생리기능성을 조사한 결과 항고혈압성을 나타내는 ACE 저해활성이 평균 84.4 ~ 90.8%로 높은 편이었고, 나머지 생리기능성은 20% 이하로 낮거나 검출되지 않았다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2016

고려인삼은 다년생 약용작물로써 재배 특성상 인삼에서 다양한 질병들의 효과적인 방제시스템의 개발은 인삼의 생산량 증대에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 최근 지속가능한 농업의 실현을 위한 식물의 유도저항성(ISR)과 유용미생물의 항생제 효과를 이용한 친환경 생물학적 방제 기법이 주목을 받고 있다. 하지만 인삼의 유도정항성을 정확하게 판단할 수 있는 기법은 아직까지 거의 연구되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 인삼의 유묘를 이용한 무병주 기내배양 시스템을 개발하였고, BTH에 의해 유도되는 인삼의 유도저항성을 통한 잿빛곰팡이병과 탄저병에 대한 방제효과를 검증하였다. 인삼유묘에 유도저항성을 위해 뿌리에 직접적으로 BTH를 처리하는 관주처리 방법에 비해, 잎에 직접적으로 살포하는 엽면시비 방법이 효과적으로 두 곰팡이성 병원균에 대한 방제효과가 높게 나타났다. BTH처리 인삼유묘에 탄저병원균을 처리하였을 때 인삼의 병원균 침입에 의해 급격히 발현이 증대되는 PgPR10과 PgCAT 유전자의 발현이 급속하게 증대되는 현상을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 시스템은 향후 친환경적으로 이용될 수 있는 다양한 생물학적 방제제의 효과를 검정하고 활용하는데 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2008

준고냉지에서 안개초 'Bristol Fairy'를 실험재료로 이랑높이를 10, 20, 30, 40 cm로 하여 토양 물리성, 생육 및 개화특성 등을 조사하였다. 주간 지온, 토양 수분함량, 토양 경도, 용적밀도 및 고상률은 이랑이 높을수록 낮고, 공극률은 약간 높아지는 경향이었다. 여름과 가을 절화작형에서 30 cm, 40 cm 이랑에서 개화는 약간 지연되었으나, 뿌리활력, 화수폭과 절화량은 우수하였다. 여름을 경과하면서 발생한 고사주율 및 로젯트 발생률, 비원추화서률 등 생리장해 발생도 낮아지는 경향이었다.