• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.184-185
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• 1998

Rhizoctonia stem rot of Saururui herba [Saururus chinensis (Lour) Baill] was observed during plantations from 1996 to 1997 in Chungbuk area. Infected plant showed damping-off and stem rot at soil line. The causal fungus of stem rot isolated from the infected plant was identified as Rhizoctonia solani according to the criteria based on the cultural and morphological characteristics. The stem rot of Saururi herba caused by Rhizoctonia solani was first described in Korea, and the name the“Rhizoctonia black stem rot”is proposed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.673-681
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• 2010

This study examined the biomass data estimated from different allometric models and calculated the mean aboveground biomass, mean belowground biomass and root/shoot ratio values according to the forest types and age classes. These mean values and the forest inventories in 2009 were used to estimate the aboveground and total biomass carbon storage in different forest types (coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests). The aboveground and total biomass carbon storage for all forest types in Korea were 350.201 Tg C and 436.724 Tg C. Over the past 36 years, plantations by reforestation programs have accounted for more than 70% of the observed carbon storage. The carbon storage in Korean forest biomass was 436.724 Tg C, of which 175.154 Tg C for coniferous forests, 126.772 Tg C for deciduous forests and 134.518 Tg C for mixed forests, comprising approximately 1/20 of the total carbon storage of the East Asian countries. The total carbon storage for the whole forest sector in Korea was 1213.122 Tg C, of which 436.724 Tg C is stored in forest biomass if using the ratio of carbon storage in different pools examined from the United States. Such large carbon storage in Korean forests is due mainly to active plantations growth and management practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.586-596
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• 1998

The relevance and importance of buffalo production under coconut plantations in the North Westen Province of Sri Lanka was studied in three districts (Bingiriya, Pannala, Kuliyapitiya). The objective of the study was to collect baseline information on socioeconomic and cultural aspects of buffalo production, with a view to promote and disseminate new technologies. The survey technique used consisted of a formal survey using a structured questionnaire (71 households) and rapid appraisal (55 households). The results indicate the existence of a wide stratification of dariy farmers which ranged from skilled dairy operators with high levels of production and management of efficiency to marginal subsistence farmers with low levels of productivity. The most frequent family size of households ranged from 4-5 members (58%), and the average family size was 4.7. The actual average land ownership accounts to 2.4 ha of upland and 0.5 ha of lowland, but when their accessibility to common property resources are taken into account, the land availability was assessed at 13 ha and 0.7 ha of upland and lowland, respectively. The highest average monthly income (Rs. 13,590) was received by farmers with off-farm employment (primary) who are also engaged in livestock production (secondary), and livestock contributed 43% of the total income. Livestock farmers who practised integrated crop farming as a secondary source of income received a monthly income of Rs. 10,843, and those involved in crop production as the primary source received the lowest average income (Rs. 7,295). The survey revealed a high investment cost on concentrate feeds (47%) for milk production. However some farmers obtained higher milk yields (11 litres/cow/day) at lower ration costs, and this could be attributed to the entrepreneurship skills and management efficiency. The study area had a well developed market infrastructure for fresh milk, principally due to the existence of the Nestle's company and the Coconut Triangle Milk Union. On an average the producer collected Rs. 10 per litre of milk marketed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.290-295
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• 1994

각기 다른 수종이 토양발생 이산화탄소량에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 광릉시험림내에서 비슷한 입지에 식재된 20년생 백합나무, 은수원사시나무, 루브라참나무 인공조림지를 대상으로 soda-lime 법으로 1994년 5월부터 10월까지의 임목생육기간동안 이산화탄소 발생량을 측정하였다. 이산화탄소 발생량은 수종에 따라 $0.21g/m^2/hr{\sim}0.33g/m^2/hr$로 차이가 있었다. 이산화탄소 발생량과 대기 및 토양온도간에는 정의 상관관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이산화탄소 발생량은 7, 8월에 가장 높았고, 이산화탄소 발생량의 계절적 변화는 대기 및 토양온도와 반드시 일치하지는 않았다. 이산화탄소 발생에 영향을 미치는 제반 환경 및 삼림인자들에 대한 보다 상세한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.172-186
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• 2017

The effects of application of fuel-reduction treatment in wildfire management has not been tested in dry forests of Ghana. Therefore, the short-term ecological effects of prescribed burning and hand thinning treatments followed by experimental wildfire were investigated in degraded forests and Tectona grandis forest plantations in two forest reserves of different levels of dryness in Ghana. The results showed that more trees were killed in prescribed burning (average of 41% in degraded forest and 18% in plantations) than hand thinning (7.2% in degraded forests and 8% in plantation). More tree seedlings were also killed in prescribed burning (72%) than hand thinning (47%). The mortality of trees and seedlings were greater in Worobong South forest, a less dry forest reserve than the Afram Headwaters forest, a drier forest reserve. Fuel treatment especially prescribed burning compared to the control reduced wildfire effects on forest canopy particularly in the less dry forest and tree mortality especially in the drier forest. Prescribed burning temporarily increased pH, exchangeable potassium (52%) and available phosphorus (82%) in the surface soils of the entire plots. The two fuel treatment methods did not have much influence on basal area, organic matter and total nitrogen. Nevertheless, they were able to reduce the adverse wildfire effects on soil pH, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and total nitrogen concentrations. Fuel treatments therefore have potential application in dry forest management in Ghana due to their ability to retain important forest ecological traits after a wildfire incidence.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2014

한국에서 산림생태계의 구조적 변화를 예측하기 위하여, 산림 면적과 임목축적량의 변화와 조림지에서 임상식생구조를 문헌조사에 의하여 파악하였다. 한국의 삼림은 1950년대에 심하게 훼손되었지만, 1970~1980년대에 활발히 조림하여 임목축적량이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만 삼림면적은 5,500 ha 년$^{-1}$씩 감소하고 있다. 임목축적량 변화에 대한 회귀분석 결과에 의하면 임목축적량을 기준으로 성숙림으로 기대되는 해는 약 2150년으로 예측된다. 현재 일본잎갈나무, 잣나무 및 아까시나무 조림지에는 신갈나무, 물푸레나무, 산벚나무등의 잠재자연식생이 형성되고 있으므로 미래에 이들의 숲이 형성될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2018

Sumber Jaya (54,194 hectares) is a district in West Lampung, Indonesia, located at the upper part of Tulang Bawang watershed. This watershed is one major water resource for Lampung Province, but has become a focal point of discussion because of the widespread conversion of forestland to coffee plantations and human settlements which lead to environmental and hydrological problems. This research aimed to evaluate Sumber Jaya watershed affecting by rapid land use change using hydrological methods as a base for watershed management. Nested catchment structure consisted of eight sub-catchments was employed in this research to assess scaling issues of land use change impacts on rainfall-runoff connections. Six tipping bucket rain gages were installed on the hill slopes of each sub-catchment and Parshall flumes were installed at the outlets of each sub-catchment to monitor stream flow. First, unit hydrograph that expressed the relationship of rainfall and runoff was computed using IHACRES model. Second, unit hydrograph was also constructed from observations of input and response during several significant storms with approximately equal duration. The result showed that most of the storm flow from these catchments consisted of slow flow. A maximum of about 50% of the effective rainfall became quick flow, and only less than 10% of remaining effective rainfall which was routed as slow flow contributed to hydrograph peaks; the rest was stored. Also, comparing peak responses and recession rates on the hydrograph, storm flow discharge was generally increased slowly on the rising limb and decreased rapidly on the falling limb. These responses indicated the soils in these catchments were still able to hold and store rain water.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most valuable timber yielding species in the world, with predominant distribution in tropical or sub-tropical countries. However, natural teak available only in few countries like India, Myanmar, Laos People's Democratic Republic and Thailand. Teak grows well in deep, well-drained alluvial soils, fairly moist, warm, tropical climate with pH ranges from 6.5-7.5. Teak is cultivated in many Asian, African and South American countries for timber production. The global teak plantations are estimated to be three million hectare with major share in India (44%) followed by Indonesia (33%). India is considered as richest genetic resources of teak with large areas of natural teak bearing forests (8.9 million ha), plantations (1.5 million ha), clonal seed orchards (1000 ha) and seed production areas (5000 ha). The studies on diversity of teak populations showed that teak is an out crossing species with major portion of diversity present within the populations. The productivity and quality of teak timber varies depending upon the site and environmental conditions. Teak wood is moderately heavy, strong and tough,straight grained, coarse textured and ring porous with specific gravity varies from 0.55 to 0.70. The sapwood is white to pale yellow in colour and clearly demarcated while heartwood is dark brown or dark golden yellow in colour. Teak is one of the most durable timbers in the world, practically, impervious to fungus and white ant attack and resistant to decay. Teak wood is used in ship and boat constructions, furnitures and aesthetic needs. Genetic improvement programmes have been undertaken in countries like Thailand, India, Malaysia and Indonesia. The programme includes provenance identification and testing, plus tree selection and clonal multiplication, establishment of seed orchards and controlled hybridization. Several aspects like phenology, reproductive biology, fruit characteristics, silvicultural practices for cultivation, pest and diseases problems, production of improved planting stock, harvesting and marketing, wood properties and future tree improvement strategy to enhance productivity have been discussed in this paper.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.356-360
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• 1995

잣나무림에 있어서 목재 및 종자 생산이 중요 경영 목적이므로 이러한 형질을 개량하기 위한 선발육종이 진행중에 있다. 본 연구는 잣나무의 유전모수 및 조기선발 효율 등을 추정하여 1세대 채종원을 전진세대 채종원으로 유도하는데 필요한 자료와 정보를 얻기 위하여 수행하였다. 1986년 50가계로 된 풍매 차대검정림을 3곳에 조성하여 6년간(5~10년생) 수고 생장을 조사하여 분석한 결과, LAR에 대한 수령간 유전 및 표현형 상관의 단순직선회귀는 유의차가 있었으며($r^2=0.7862$, 0.8256), 성숙기를 20년으로 가정하였을 때 조림 후 3년생이 1.96으로 조기선발 효율이 가장 높은 수령으로 추정되어 조기선발이 가능하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.471-474
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• 2007

Eucalyptus plantations play a major role in the China's ecological, social, economic and other aspects and presently China is the second largest producer of Eucalyptus in the world next to Brazil. It was introduced as an ornamental tree during 1890 but later it became a commercial crop. During 1960s large number of Eucalyptus timber were used for railway sleepers and it was also used as shelter belt for rubber trees. It becomes one of the important national resources of commercial timber once the production reached to 5 million $m^{3}/yr$. Through Eucalyptus oil, it brought about 20% of foreign exchange. In the present study, it was aimed to estimate the Eucalyptus growing area in the southern Guangdong in China in terms of aerial extent and changes between 1991 and 2001 using Landsat TM and ETM+ data. Object based classification technique and subsequent temporal change detection analysis were followed to identify the changes between the periods. In the present study, the total area was divided into three classes viz., plantation area with trees, plantation area without trees and others. Object oriented classification was found to be more accurate in the present study. Overall increase of about 23.62 $km^{2}$ was noted between 1991 and 2001 in the plantation area. With reference to the present study area, the growth of Eucalyptus growing area was 7.4% in the 10 year periods. From this study it is clear that the area under Eucalyptus cultivation is growing considerably year by year in China. However, elaborate study must be conducted considering larger areas to accurately predict the growth of Eucalyptus growing areas.