• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1606-1610
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• 2002

The dynamics of fermentation were studied with Italian ryegrass ensiled in the laboratory silos. The silos were kept in the room set at 25$^{\circ}C$, and then were opened on 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after ensiling, respectively. The samples were taken from three silos at each sampling time for chemical analyses. Mono-and disaccharides composition was determined for glucose, fructose and sucrose by high performance liquid chromatography. The Italian ryegrass silage succeeded to achieve lactate type fermentation; high values of lactic acid (85.83 g/kg) and lactic acid/acetic acid at the end of ensiling (14 day), low values of pH (3.74), acetic acid (5.38 g/kg), ethanol (19.20 g/kg) and $NH_3-N/Total\;N$ (75.84 g/kg), no or only small amounts of butyric acid, valeric acid and propionic acid. The fermentation dynamics showed a fast and large pH decrease caused by a fast and large production of lactic acid during the first 5 days. Mono-and disaccharides composition largely decreased within initial 0.5 day (12 h) of ensiling. Sucrose disappeared rapidly within initial 0.5 day of ensiling, and fructose and glucose contents showed an initial rise during ensiling, and then decreased gradually. These indicated that the enzymes of plant tissue were active within 2 days of ensiling, which caused the initial rise in fructose and glucose from the hydrolysis of sucrose and fructans. After 5 days of ensilage, glucose was consumed completely, suggesting that glucose was the first fermentation substrate. After 2 days of ensiling, sum amounts of lactic acid and remaining mono-and disaccharides proved to be larger than the quantity of mono-and disaccharides in the initial grass. From the facts mentioned above, it was suggested that considerable amounts of lactic acid were produced from some other substrate such as fructans than initial mono-and disaccharides.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

The optimized in vitro culture system was investigated for improvement of regeneration efficiencies by observing the responses of scutella-derived callus of Korean rice (Oryza sativa L.). Large variations of callus induction (43.9-93.9%) and shoot regeneration (0-88.7%) were observed among the rice cultivars depending on medium. However, shoot regeneration was significantly improved by selected utilization of basal medium, growth regulators, and carbon sources. N6 basal medium was more efficient for embryogenic callus induction than MS or LS basal medium, while MS was superior to N6 for shoot regeneration. The calli of highly regenerative cultivars grew faster and showed higher rates of green tissue formation (GT) and shoot regeneration (SR) and lower rate of callus browning (CB) than those of recalcitrant cultivars. Although a higher level of kinetin stimulated the GT and SR in highly regenerative cultivars, $10\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin generally suppressed the GT and SR, while CB was accelerated compared to $2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin. Additional benefits of sorbitol combined with maltose (or sucrose) under $5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin were certainly confirmed on regeneration efficiencies compared to sucrose alone as carbon source and osmotic regulator. This combination showed high rate of GT and SR with multiple shoots while low rate of CB. With MSRK5SM-Pr medium ($5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sorbitol, 2% maltose, $500\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ proline), the regeneration efficiencies of total 17 out of 24 cultivars were practically improved 160% on average compared to MSRK2S ($2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sucrose) control medium. Especially, the medium was most effective to the cultivars showing a medium level of regenerability such as Daesanbyeo and Dongjinbyeo and Suwon477, enhancing efficiencies more than 300-600% compared to MSRK2S medium.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.176-176
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• 2017

Hydropriming had positive effects on the time for germination to reach 50%, the germination index, the time to final germination percentage, and the number of uniform seedlings with enlarged cotyledons in in vitro germination of small watermelon. In addition, the highest shoot initiation was obtained from hydroprimed cotyledonary nodes ($95{\pm}6%$), followed by non-primed cotyledonary nodes ($78{\pm}6%$), hydroprimed cotyledons ($72{\pm}4%$), and non-primed cotyledons ($48{\pm}4%$). Meanwhile, no shoots were initiated from hypocotyls. The total number of shoots that initiated from cotyledonary nodes and cotyledon explants was insignificant, indicating that both cotyledons and cotyledonary node were good sources for the in vitro culture. Choosing explant sources that favor tetraploidy should be the key for producing higher polyploidy plants; a total of 10.5% of tetraploid regenerants were entirely identified from cotyledon explants. Cotyledons with highly differentiated cells might show higher variations than cotyledonary nodes with more preexisting meristematic cells. Cells of cotyledon tissue might undergo changes in ploidy level during differentiation of the culture, or it might be that some of the variations were already present in the tissues of the donor plant. Morphological changes in fruit length of tetraploid regenerants are genotype-dependent.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.92-103
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• 2003

Research and technological advances in the field of remote sensing have greatly enhanced the ability to detect and quantify physical and biological stresses that affect the productivity of agricultural crops. Reflectance in specific visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have proved useful in detection of nutrient deficiencies. Especially crop canopy sensors as a ground remote sensing measure the amount of light reflected from nearby surfaces such as leaf tissue or soil and is in contrast to aircraft or satellite platforms that generate photographs or various types of digital images. Multi-spectral vegetation indices derived from crop canopy reflectance in relatively wide wave band can be used to monitor the growth response of plants in relation to environmental factors. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), where NDVI = (NIR-Red)/(NIR+Red), was originally proposed as a means of estimating green biomass. The basis of this relationship is the strong absorption (low reflectance) of red light by chlorophyll and low absorption (high reflectance and transmittance) in the near infrared (NIR) by green leaves. Thereafter many researchers have proposed the other indices for assessing crop vegetation due to confounding soil background effects in the measurement. The green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), where the green band is substituted for the red band in the NDVI equation, was proved to be more useful for assessing canopy variation in green crop biomass related to nitrogen fertility in soils. Consequently ground remote sensing as a non destructive real-time assessment of nitrogen status in plant was thought to be useful tool for site specific crop nitrogen management providing both spatial and temporal information.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 1992

토양 시료로부터A. tumefaciens를 분리 동정하고 이를 옥수수의 형질전환에 이용하기 위하여 binary vector를 이용하여 형질전환시킨 후 옥수수의 중배축 조직과 공존배양을 실시하였다. Schroth의 선택배지에서 선별된 colony들은 단일 형태를 나타내었다. 분리 균주는 해바라기 유식물의 잎조직에 종양을 형성하였으며, 거대 plasmid를 가지고 있었는데 이는 대조균주인 C58이나 Ach5의 plasmid와는 다른 종류였다. 분리균주들에 의해 형성된 tumor의 형태 및 균주의 생리, 생화학적 특성들에 의하여 공시균주를 A. tumefaciens biovar 1으로 동정하였으며 nopaline 형으로 추정하였다. 분리 균주중 AK204를 사용하여 옥수수 조직을 형질전환시키기 위하여 선택maker를 가지고 있는 binary vector(pGA642)를 균주내로 전이 시켰다. 이로 인하여 형질전환된 AK204를 옥수수 중배축 조직과 공존배양하므로서 옥수수 조직세포를 형질전환 시킨 결과, 1차적으로 Km에 저항성을 띠는 형질전환체를 선발할 수 있었으며, 그들의 가용성 단백질의 PAGE pattern이 변화되었음을 확인하였다.

• 셀메드
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.8.1-8.7
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• 2017

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the major diseases of the urinary system in older men. WSY-0702 is the extracted from the traditional medicinal plant; Seoritae, and it has effects of anti-obesity, chronic cervical pain, and anti-oxidant. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of WSY-0702 in the prevention and treatment of BPH. Several parameters including inflammatory mediators, hormones, and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered to play a role in the development of BPH. Prostate tissue damage and OS may lead to compensatory cellular proliferation with resulting hyperplastic growth. An in vitro study showed that proliferation inhibited the human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In cell line, the cell cycle at the G2/M and G0/G1 phase and downregulated the expression of CyclineB1 (CCNB1) and CyclineD1 (CCND1). In addition, we measured the $H_2O_2$-induced OS damage using RWPE-1 cells. We examined the relative expression of protein involved in the regulation of prostate apoptosis: transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$, a negative growth factor able to induced prostate apoptosis under physiological conditions. These results suggest that WSY-0702 that can inhibit the growth of prostate epithelial cell by a mechanism that may involve arresting the cell cycle and downregulating CCNB1 and CCND1 expression. In addition, WSY-0702 exposure resulted in significant protective effects in $H_2O_2$-stressed PWPE-1 cells by reduction in TGF-${\beta}$ levels.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

본 실험은 배양액 내의 황산이온이 참쑥(Artemisia mongolica var. tenuifolia)의 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 황산이온은 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3mM의 농도로 처리되었는데 양액은 벨기에의 채소연구소에서 허브용양액으로 개발된 양액조성을 변형하여 이용하였다. 참쑥의 생육은 일반적으로 3mM 처리에서 좋았으며 건물률 또한 3mM 처리에서 가장 좋았다. 배양액내의 황산이온 농도가 증가할수록 참쑥의 엽록소 함량은 증가하였는데 특히 엽록소 a의 함량이 b함량에 비해 증가의 폭이 컸다. 참쑥의 무기물 함량은 배양액내의 황산이온 농도와 유의성을 보이지 않았으나 조직내 Ca의 함량은 3mM 처리에서 급격히 감소하였다. 식물에 의한 황산이온의 흡수는 배양액내의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였는데 2mM까지는 서서히 증가 하다가 3mM에서 현저하게 증가하였다. 1mM 황산이온 처리에서 정유의 함량은 가장 높았으나 그 이상으로 농도가 증가할 경우 정유의 함량은 오히려 감소하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The promoters of OsCaM1 and OsCaM3 were characterized after sequencing and fused to the reporter gene, GUS. The constructs were then transformed into the tobacco plant. Histochemical analysis of GUS showed different expression patterns in pOsCaM1::GUS and pOsCaM3:: GUS transgenic plants. The expression of pOsCaM1::GUS in 4- to 15-day-old seedlings in particular was observed only in the root, while the expression of pOsCaM3::GUS was detected in both the cotyledons and root. Also, pRCaM1::GUS was detected in all the tissues surrounding the root system, while the presence of pOsCaM3::GUS was observed in the root, except in the root meristem. However, in mature transgenic plants, the expression of pOsCaM1::GUS and OsRCaM3::GUS was scarcely detected. Under wounding stress, the GUS activity of pOsCaM1 and pOsCaM3 was strongly induced, and the activity of pOsCaM3 especially, was retained for long periods. In the phloem, pOsCaM3 activity induced by hormone treatments and abiotic stresses was also identified.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.359-363
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• 2014

Soybean seed is a good source of plant protein in human consumables such as baby formula and protein concentrate. The seeds contain an abundance of storage proteins, namely ${\beta}$-conglycin and glycinin that account for ~ 70-80% of the total seed protein content. Proteome profiling has been proved to be an efficient way that can help us to investigate the seed storage proteins. In the present study, the seeds were removed from the pods and the cotylendonary tissues were separated from the testa for proteome analysis in order to investigate the seed storage proteins. A systematic proteome profiling was conducted through one-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry in the seeds (cotyledonary tissue) of soybean genotypes. Two dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 10 proteins were identified and analyzed using MASCOT search engine according to the similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins along with the UniProt database. A total of ten proteins such as glycinin Gy4 precursor, glycinin G3 precursor, glycinin G1 precursor, glycinin chain A2B1a precursor, glycinin chain A2B1a precursor were identified in our investigation. However, the glycinin subunit may be considered to play important roles in soybean breeding and biochemical characterization. In addition, the improved technique will be useful to dissect the genetic control of glycinin expression in soybean.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2010

Skin aging is a natural phenomenon. There are internal and external factors of skin aging. The internal factor of skin aging is from the wearing down of the body over time. The external factors are more noticeable from habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol, malnutrition, and extended exposure to UV rays. Completely stopping skin from aging is impossible but one can slow down and treat external signs of skin aging. In western medicine, the following methods are used to reduce the appearance of skin aging: applying lotions and creams containing ingredients such as fruit acid, antioxidants, plant exracts, depigmentation, moisturizer, retinoids, and sun block; botulinum toxin injections; chemical peels, laser and other painful methods remove the top layer of skin to promote new skin growth; fillers are injected to increase soft tissue growth; surgery. In oriental medicine, the following methods are used: acupuncture into facial muscles which stimulates acupuncture point; applying topical treatments and cosmetics containing herbs are effective of preventing skin aging and wrinkles. Above all thing, medicine that helps maintain essence and blood in the skin can be fundamental.