• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.438-443
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• 2016

The in vitro propagation of the commercially important Phalaeonopsis hybrid 'Little gem' was achieved by culturing the apical part and axillary buds excised from flower stalks. The explants were cultured on 5 different basal media: $3.0{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Hyponex and $4.0{\cdot}L^{-1}$ peptone ($H_3P_4$) and Murashige & Skoog (MS) media were shown to be suitable for shoot regeneration. The MS medium supplemented with $5.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was found to be more efficient for shoot regeneration. However, the number of shoots induced by axillary buds was higher than that induced by the apical part. Incubation of the apical part under darkness for one week, as well as of the explants in the same medium with activated charcoal (AC) $0.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ promoted shoot regeneration and shoot growth; similar growth was not observed with axillary buds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 1995

The experiment was conducted to identify the optimal in vitro propagation condition for P. lactiflora Pall. Through apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tip culture of winter bud. When apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tips excised from winter bud were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators, all the apical shoot tips elongated regardless of the composition of the medium but axillary shoot tips responded differently. Shoot of 'Uisong' local cultivate was well elongated in the medium containing 0.01mg/L NAA. Frequency of shoot formation and subsequent shoot growth in axillary shoot tip culture were promoted in the medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA and 5.0mg/L zeatin. 30% of the elongated shoots were vigorously rooted on the medium containing 0.1mg/L NAA with vermiculite as a support medium.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.694-701
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• 2014

Allium hookeri L. (Alliaceae family) is an important ethnomedicinal plant native to the Himalayan region of Asia. The aim of this research was to establish a high-frequency plant regeneration system for in vitro propagation of A. hookeri. Among the tissue types examined, receptacle explants derived from immature flower buds showed the highest regeneration rate of shoots ($93.33{\pm}4.63%$), roots ($76.67{\pm}7.85%$), and calli ($80.00{\pm}7.43%$) when cultured on Gamborg B5 (B5) medium containing $10{\mu}M$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) + $1{\mu}M$ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), $0.5{\mu}M$ BA + $5{\mu}M$ NAA, and $1{\mu}M$ BA + $10{\mu}M$ NAA, respectively. Shoot multiplication was superior when cultured in liquid rather than on solid medium and relatively high concentrations of BA, ranging from 5 to $10{\mu}M$. Efficient bulblet formation following root induction from shoot clumps was achieved with culture in liquid B5 medium containing 7% (w/v) sucrose. Regenerated bulblets were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions with a greater than 95% survival rate. By this method, a maximum of 62 plantlets per receptacle could be propagated within 9 weeks of initial culture. The in vitro propagation system established in this study will promote A. hookeri biotechnology, including large-scale production of healthy and aseptic clones, preserving parental genotypes with desirable traits, and genetic manipulation to enhance medicinal value.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.143-157
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• 2019

Medicinal plants are high-value natural resources that have been used as precautionary drugs by many people globally. The increasing global demand for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants has led to the overexploitation of many valuable species. One widely used approach to overcome this problem is the use of adventitious root cultures as a propagation strategy. This review examines the scientific research published globally on the application of adventitious root cultures for many medicinal plants. Adventitious roots generated under aseptic environments in suitable phytohormone-augmented medium exhibit high growth rates and production of important secondary metabolites. Parameters such as medium properties and composition, growth hormone type, and elicitation strategies for in vitro grown adventitious roots of medicinal plants, are the main topics discussed in this review. We also examine current developments in bioreactor system cultivation for plant bioactive compounds using adventitious root cultures, a technology with possible commercial applications, via several studies on adventitious root culture of medicinal plants in which bioreactor systems play a role. In conclusion, the development of adventitious root cultures for medicinal plants is highly useful because of their capability for vegetative propagation and germplasm preservation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2020

Diospyros mespiliformis is a highly valued and threatened tree species within the Sahelo-Sudanian zone of Africa, but its seed germination requirements under cultivation are not well researched. In a first experiment which aimed at determining germination response of seeds to dehydration, fresh seeds were dried at room temperature for 26 days during which their moisture content, their germinability, and their viability were monitored at two-day intervals. In the second experiment, 14 pre-germination treatments were tested for their effect on the germination of dried seeds. Results showed that fresh seeds had 52.7% moisture and achieved 97.7% germination. As seeds were dried, percentage germination gradually decreased with decreasing moisture content and reached 0% when moisture content had dropped to 18%. Meanwhile, seed viability remained at 100% over drying duration. Seeds that were not germinated after air dry also recorded 100% viability. The most effective treatment for inducing germination of dried seeds was scarification using 98% sulfuric acid for 30 min which resulted in 96.6% germination. This study reports for the first time in D. mespiliformis seeds a desiccation-induced dormancy which can be efficiently alleviated by acid scarification. This study provides useful information that will contribute to efficient management of D. mespiliformis seed resources for propagation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2021

Plants regenerated from in vitro cultures carry chromosomal variations, especially in long-term culture. Reducing the duration of plant tissue culture is one of the ways to reduce genetic and epigenetic changes. In this study, we reduced the duration of long-term culture and repeat subculture using small bulblets derived from bulb scales in two lily cultivars. The adventitious bulblets derived from bulb-scale tissue were cultured on three different media containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1 g/L Charcoal, MS medium containing 0.3 mg/L IAA and 0.4 mg/L BA hormone with or without Charcoal, respectively. About seven weeks later, the number of newly propagated multiple shoots in the two media, A and B media, showed little differentiation. Compared to both media, the number of propagated multiple shoots increased 5-fold in MS medium containing 0.3 mg/L IAA and 0.4 mg/L BA hormone without Charcoal (C medium). The number of propagated multiple shoots ranged from 5 to 6 and 4 to 6 with an average of 5 in TropicalPink and GreenStar cultivars, respectively. The flow cytometric measurements indicated no variation in the ploidy level between control and in vitro propagated plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2020

Ex-situ conservation of the ornamental and medicinal orchid, Coelogyne stricta, was performed by mass propagation using seed culture. Propagation stages were optimized using full- and half-strength solidified MS medium with different phytohormones. Maximum seed germination (88 ± 0.5% over 6 weeks of culture) was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 15% coconut water. Maximum shoot numbers were found on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP, 2 mg/L Kinetin, and 10% coconut water, while the longest root was developed on full-strength MS medium with 1.5 mg/L IBA. A 2:1:1 combination of coco-peat, pine bark, and sphagnum moss was found to be a suitable potting mixture resulting in 80% seedling survivability. The cytotoxic activity of extracts of both wild plants and in vitro-developed protocorms was determined using an MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on a cervical cancer cell line. The wild plant extract inhibited the growth of 41.99% of cells, showing that this extract has moderate cytotoxic activity toward cervical cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of TDZ (thidiazuron) treatment on Propagation in vivo through scale cultures of Narcissus pseudonarcissus. Scales with disk (5 to 7 m in size) were cultured on MS medium containing NAA, BA and TDZ. Bulbs and shoots were directly formed when scales were cultured on medium containing 5 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BA. In addition, combination of 3 mg/L NAA and 0.02 mg/L TDZ promoted effectively the direct formation of bulbs and shoots. The shoots were rooted when cultured on medium containing 5 mg/L NAA and 0.02 mg/L TDZ. non scales obtained from regenerates were cultured on medium containing 1.0 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L TDZ, they gave rise to numerous bulbs and shoots . The overall results suggest that TDZ is an effective plant growth regulator in vitro propagation of N. pseudonarcissus.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2014

Studies were carried out to standardize and develop a suitable macro-propagation technology for large scale production of superior clonal stock through stem cuttings in Commiphora wightii Arnott (Bhandari), a data deficient medicinal plant of arid region. For the purpose, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was tried to elucidate the impact of various cutting diameters (0.50-0.75 cm, 0.75-1.00 cm, 1.00-1.50 cm, and >1.50 cm) in combination with varying growing conditions (sunlight, shade house and mist chamber) on shoot sprouting and rooting without using exogenous plant growth regulators. Cutting diameter (size 0.75-1.00 cm) in mist chamber has shown maximum sprouting (90.00%) and rooting (73.33%), primary root (6.67) and secondary root (16.67) followed by 1.00-1.51 cm in mist chamber. Minimum sprouting (40.00%), rooting (33.33%), number of shoot (1.33), primary root (1.00) and number of secondary root (1.00) was recorded in cutting diameter (size >1.50 cm) in sunlight. Second experiment was performed to find out optimum growth regulator concentration of rooting hormone (100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm) of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation on cuttings diameter (size 0.25-0.50 cm) in comparison to control. Maximum rooting percentage (93.33%) was recorded in 200 ppm followed by 500 ppm (86.66%) of IBA as compared to control, which showed only 60 per cent sprouting. Third experiment was performed with newly formed juvenile micro-cuttings treated with varying concentrations of IAA and IBA. The juvenile cuttings (size 6-10 cm, basal dia <0.25 cm) were selected as micro-cuttings. The cuttings treated with IBA (500 ppm) showed 64.30% rooting as compared to other treatments. Results of above experiments indicate that cuttings (size 0.75-1.00 cm dia) may be developed in mist chamber for better performance. While using heavier cuttings, no growth promoting hormones is required however; growth regulator 200 ppm concentration of IBA rooting hormone was observed optimum for promoting macro-propagation in stem cuttings of lower diameter class (0.25-0.50 cm).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.114-115
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• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will bel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field frill be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.