• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2017

This study analyzed the relationship between butterflies and plants. We examined 8 butterfly greenhouse. Butterflies are 5 families, 22 species found in 8 locations. Papilio xuthus, Pieris rapae, Papilio bianor etc. was expected to be introduced in the garden. Plants were identified in the 8 greenhouse with a total 249 taxa to 82 families 186 gunus 224 species 23 variety 2 forma. The main planting species were Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Umbelliferae, Crassulaceae, Rutaceae and Etc. A main life forms are Hemicryptophytes. The naturalized plants have been identified 7 families 11 species. And planting in the garden, we propose appropriate management. Host plant is confirmed Rutaceae, Umbelliferae Leguminosae, Cruciferae, Ulmaceae, Aristolochiaceae Etc.. Main nectar plant is Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Crassulaceae, Labiatae. Nectar plant is proposed to be planted in consideration of the flowering period. Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Phellodendron amurense, Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus junos, Ruta graveolens proposed design reflects the woody. Spiraea(Rosaceae) and Rhododendron(Ericaceae) proposed by Nectar plants of woody. We hope to be utilized in the planning and construction of a butterfly garden.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

The historical changes of seeding work in Japan, the typical slope revegetation method, is possible to divide into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948) 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958) 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$) 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$) 5)The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-) The evaluation basis of vegetated condition after slope seeding has been described to a official guide book, "The Standards of Slope Stabilizing Works" It was mainly revised three times after first edition in 1972, and also the point of evaluation basis changed from the vegetation coverage to the density of woody plant through the 3rd period and the 4th period Recently main purpose of slope seeding has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period, and "The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration" was announced by The Slope Revegetation Section of Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology in 2004. It was proposed the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the real each construction sites Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.17-35
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for management and conservation of national park by systematic and objective surveying and analysing the flora distributed in the Hwarang district, Gyeongju national park. The results are as follows. The vascular plants in this site were summarized as 396 taxa: 95 families, 272 genera, 351 species, 2 subspecies, 38 varieties and 5 forma. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 5 taxa: Exochorda serratifolia S.Moore, Potentilla discolor Bunge, Prunus yedoensis Matsum, Lysimachia coreana Nakai and Inula salicina var. asiatica Kitam.. The korean endemic plants were 6 taxa: Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Clematis trichotoma Nakai, Lespedeza maritima Nakai, Lysimachia coreana Nakai, Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region were 30 taxa: Asplenium sarelii Hk., Salix chaenomeloides Kimura, Lysimachia barystachys Bunge, Achillea alpina L., Celtis aurantiaca Nakai, Vitex negundo var. incisa (Lam.) C.B.Clarke and so forth. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 6 taxa: Clematis trichotoma Nakai, Exochorda serratifolia S.Moore, Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc., Lespedeza maritima Nakai, Lysimachia coreana Nakai and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The naturalized plants were 49 taxa: Bilderdykia dumetora (L.) Holub, Descurainia pinnata Britton, Oxalis corymbosa DC., Bidens frondosa L., Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 2 taxa: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Aster pilosus Willd. In future, if we will survey the flora of whole Gyeongju national park, we will offer the help to establishing the conservation plan of ecosystem in Gyeongju national park.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.143-150
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• 2020

To enhance the effectiveness of the FMS (flexible manufacturing system), it is necessary for the manufacturing control system to be upgraded by integrating the cyber and the physical manufacturing systems. Using the CPPS (Cyber-Physical Production System) concept, this study proposes a 4-stage vertical integration and control framework for an aircraft parts manufacturing plant. In the proposed framework, the process controller prepares the operations schedule for processing work orders generated from the APS (advanced planning & scheduling) system. The scheduled operations and the related control commands are assigned to equipments by the dispatcher of the line controller. The line monitor is responsible for monitoring the overall status of the FMS including work orders and equipments. Finally the process monitor uses the simulation model to check the performance of the production plan using real time plant status data. The W-FMCS (Wing rib-Flexible Manufacturing Control & Simulation) are developed to implement the proposed 4-stage CPPS based FMS control architecture. The effectiveness of the proposed control architecture is examined by the real plant's operational data such as utilization and throughput. The performance improvement examined shows the usefulness of the framework in managing the smart factory's operation by providing a practical approach to integrate cyber and physical production systems.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.76-84
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• 2020

The rate of application of the modular plant in the plant industry is increasing, and for the success of the modularization projects, it is essential to develop and implement a systemized methodology across all phases of the project. However, Korean EPC firms lack project management capability when it comes to apply standardized methodology. Therefore, it is important to establish and systematize the cost/schedule integrated management method which are the two core elements of project management technology. This study was conducted to develop a methodology and guidelines for integrated management process for modular plant projects. The researchers developed a methodology for planning and managing cost and schedule, and integrated by module unit. Integrated cost and schedule methodology and guidelines developed can be used for various EPC modular plant projects to enhance the efficiency of project management.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2006

Trichoderma harzianum 23 WP and Bacillus subtilis 122 WP were formulated as antagonists of Sclerotium cepivorum and Sclerotium sp. of garlic white rot. In the field test, applications of Trichoderma harzianum WP and Bacillus subtilis WP reduced garlic white rot by Sclerotium cepivrum from 10.9% in the control to 4.1% and 6.2%, respectively at Taean. Also at Seosan, applications of Trichoderma harzianum 23 WP and Bacillus subtilis 122 WP reduced garlic white rot by Sclerotium sp. from 17.8% in the control to 1.2% and 2.6%, respectively. Treatment of Trichoderma harzianum 23 WP and Bacillus subtilis 122 WP increased garlic yield in two area. Therefore, Trichoderma harzianum 23 WP and Bacillus subtilis 122 WP have shown potential as biofungicides of garlic white rot in the two different pathogens.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

This study investigated checked risk level before bid, actual risk level after award, contingency, and cost growth rate in the 124 international construction projects executed by Korean major companies. This study conducted comparative analysis by product type using rank analysis, ANOVA and correlation analysis. As a result, plant and civil projects have worse risk level than architecture projects not only in before bid but also in after award. Especially, country risk is the worst risk in both plant and civil projects, followed by project risk and capability risk. Also, although plant and civil projects reflect more contingency than architecture projects, contingency is not correlated with the checked risk level before bid. Lastly, the cost growth rate is correlated with the actual risk level in all product types. This study is expected to support in planning better practical risk management for international construction projects.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.796-804
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• 2022

The demand for Chelidonium majus L. subsp. asiaticum H. Hara is expected to increase due to its pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, an effective propagation system for this species has not yet been established. This study was conducted to analyze the seed dormancy and germination characteristics of C. majus L. subsp. asiaticum H. Hara native to Korea and establish a mass propagation system. The dormancy type was primarily classified by analyzing the general information of the collected seeds. The seed dormancy breaking was investigated by comparing the effects of cold stratification (0, 2, 4, 8, 10, or 12 weeks) with warm stratification (S, summer temperature, 25/15℃) and intermediate temperature stratification (A, autumn temperature, 15/10℃) of alternating temperature stratification (S12-A4 or S12-A8 weeks). After dormancy break, 500 mg/L GA₃ and GA₄₊₇ treatment replaced cold stratification and improved seed germination. The results of this study are expected to provide basic data for future seed propagation and mass propagation by analyzing the dormancy and germination characteristics of C. majus L. subsp. asiaticum H. Hara seeds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.417-425
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• 2024

This study investigated the effects of various planting models on the joint cultivation of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and marigold (Tagetes erecta)to enhance sustainable rooftop urban farming. Rooftop agriculture is increasingly valued to boost the food supply and benefit the environment. Integrating such practices into urban planning is viewed as a way to sustainably manage resources and improve the food-energy-water cycle in cities. The experiment was conducted on a rooftop in Chungju, South Korea from May to August. Four different planting setups were used: central eggplant with peripheral marigold (SET), eggplant with a protective net (SIC), central marigold with peripheral eggplant (TES), and control with only eggplant (CON S). These models tested the effects of companion planting versus monoculture using a lightweight soil mix ideal for rooftops made from cocopeat and perlite and enriched with organic fertilizer. Measurements focused on soil conditions and plant health and assessed soil temperature, moisture, conductivity, plant height, width, and leaf size. The results indicated that the SET modelyielded the best growth. This setup benefited from marigold pest control properties and its ability to improve soil conditions by enhancing moisture and nutrient levels and aiding eggplant growth. These findings underscore the potential of mixed planting on rooftops and suggest that such approaches can be effectively incorporated into urban agriculture to boost yield and environmental sustainability. This study supports the idea that diverse planting methods can significantly affect plant growth and promote urban greening and food security.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Background: In the study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on the nitrogen content, carbon content, and C:N ratio of seven rare and endangered species (Quercus gilva, Hibiscus hambo, Paliurus ramosissimus, Cicuta virosa, Bupleurum latissimum, Viola raddeana, and Iris dichotoma) were examined under control (ambient $CO_2$ + ambient temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2$ + elevated temperature) for 3 years (May 2008 and June 2011). Results: Elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature result in a decline in leaf nitrogen content for three woody species in May 2009 and June 2011, while four herb species showed different responses to each other. The nitrogen content of B. latissimum and I. dichotoma decreased under treatment in either 2009 and 2011. The leaf nitrogen content of C. virosa and V. raddeana was not significantly affected by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature in 2009, but that of C. virosa increased and that V. raddeana decreased under the treatment in 2011. In 2009, it was found that there was no difference in carbon content in the leaves of the six species except for that of P. ramosissimus. On the other hand, while there was no difference in carbon content in the leaves of Q. gilva in the control and treatment in 2011, carbon content in the leaves of the remaining six species increased due to the rise of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. The C:N ratio in the leaf of C. virosa grown in the treatment was lower in both 2009 and 2011 than that in the control. The C:N ratio in the leaf of V. raddeana decreased by 16.4% from the previous year, but increased by 28.9% in 2011. For the other five species, C:N ratios increased both in 2009 and 2011. In 2009 and 2011, chlorophyll contents in the leaves of Q. gilva and H. hamabo were higher in the treatment than those in the control. In the case of P. ramosissimus, the ratio was higher in the treatment than that in the control in 2009, but in 2011, the result was the opposite. Among four herb species, the chlorophyll contents in the leaves of C. virosa, V. raddeana, and I. dichotoma did not show any difference between gradients in 2009, but decreased due to the rise of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature in 2011. Leaf nitrogen and carbon contents, C:N ratio, and chlorophyll contents in the leaves of seven rare and endangered species of plant were found to be influenced by the rise and duration of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature, species, and interaction among those factors. Conclusions: The findings above seem to show that long-term rise of $CO_2$ concentration, and temperature causes changes in physiological responses of rare and endangered species of plant and the responses may be species-specific. In particular, woody species seem to be more sensitive to the rise of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature than herb species.