• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2024

Land plants produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₂) through photosynthesis by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and light energy. Glucose can be stored in various polysaccharide forms for later use (e.g., sucrose in fruit, amylose in plastids), used to create cellulose, the primary structural component of cell walls, and immediately metabolized to generate cellular energy, adenosine triphosphate, through a series of respiratory pathways including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, plants must metabolize glucose into amino acids, nucleotides, and various plant hormones, which are crucial for regulating many aspects of plant physiology. This review will summarize the biosynthesis of different plant hormones, such as auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, in relation to glucose metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2017

Cultural practices for adzuki bean and the distribution of weed species in the south-west regions of Korea were surveyed to provide information on effective weed management. Approximately 27.5% of the farm households were growing adzuki bean in an area larger than 1 ha while the rest grew the crop in an area smaller than 1 ha. Of all adzuki bean growers, 17.1% seeded in early June, 8.6% in mid June, 34.3% in late June, 17.1% in early July, 20.0% in mid July, and 2.9% in late July. The average planting distance was $71.0{\times}29.5cm$. From the 40 surveys in adzuki bean fields, 35 weed species in 17 families were identified. According to the occurrence frequency, the dominant weed species were Digitaria sanguinalis, Acalypha australis, Cyperus amuricus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Amaranthus nangostanus in decreasing order of dominance. However, based on dry weight, Chenopodium album (34.4%) was the most dominant followed by Acalypha australis (21.9%), Amaranthus nangostanus (19.1%), Digitaria sanguinalis (7.5%), and Portulaca oleracea (6.1%). The exotic weeds found in the field of adzuki were Ipomoea hederacea, Abutilon avicennae, and Celosia argentea. The plant heights of I. hederacea, A. avicennae, and C. argentea were 259 cm, 98 cm, and 76 cm, respectively, while the fresh weights were 850 g, 66 g, and 101 g, respectively. Integrated weed management systems utilizing mechanical, chemical, and biological control techniques need to be developed for effective weed management in adzuki bean production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2022

Recently, many studies on big data based smart farming have been conducted. Research to quantify morphological characteristics using image data from various crops in smart farming is underway. Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Much research has been done to predict and model rice crop yield production. The number of productive tillers per plant is one of the important agronomic traits associated with the grain yield of rice crop. However, modeling the basic growth characteristics of rice requires accurate data measurements. The existing method of measurement by humans is not only labor intensive but also prone to human error. Therefore, conversion to digital data is necessary to obtain accurate and phenotyping quickly. In this study, we present an image-based method to predict leaf number and evaluate tiller number of individual rice crop using YOLOv5 deep learning network. We performed using various network of the YOLOv5 model and compared them to determine higher prediction accuracy. We ako performed data augmentation, a method we use to complement small datasets. Based on the number of leaves and tiller actually measured in rice crop, the number of leaves predicted by the model from the image data and the existing regression equation were used to evaluate the number of tillers using the image data.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2007

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the microtubule-associated protein AtMAP65-1 shows various functions on microtubule dynamics and organizations. However, it is still an open question about whether AtMAP65-1 binds to tubulin dimers and how it regulates microtubule dynamics. In present study, the tubulin-binding activity of AtMAP65-1 was investigated. Pull-down and co-sedimentation exp eriments demonstrated that AtMAP65-1 bound to tubulin dimers,at a molar ratio of 1 : 1. Cross-linking experiments showed that AtMAP65-1 bound to tubulin dimers by interacting with $\alpha$-tubulin of the tubulin heterodimer. Interfering the bundling effect of AtMAP65-1 by addition of salt and monitoring the tubulin assembly, the experiment results indicated that AtMAP65-1 promoted tubulin assembly by interacting with tubulin dimers. In addition, five truncated versions of AtMAP65-1, namely AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339 (amino acids 340-587); AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N494 (amino acids 495-587); AtMAP65-1 340-494 (amino acids 340-494); AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$C495 (amino acids 1-494) and AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$C340 (amino acids 1-339), were tested for their binding activities and roles in tubulin polymerization in vitro. Four (AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339, $\Delta$N494, AtMAP65-1 340-494 and $\Delta$C495) from the five truncated proteins were able to co-sediment with microtubules, and three (AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339, $\Delta$N494 and AtMAP65-1 340-494) of them could bind to tubulin dimers in vitro. Among the three truncated proteins, AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339 showed the greatest activity to promote tubulin polymerization, AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N494 exhibited almost the same activity as the full length protein in promoting tubulin assembly, and AtMAP65-1 340-494 had minor activity to promote tubulin assembly. On the contrast, AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$C495, which bound to microtubules but not to tubulin dimers, did not affect tubulin assembly. Our study suggested that AtMAP65-1 might promote tubulin assembly by binding to tubulin dimers in vivo.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.4-10
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• 2014

Green tea and coffee consumption have been widely popular worldwide. These beverages contain caffeine to activate the central nervous system by adenosine receptor blockade, and due to the caffeine, addiction or tolerance may occur. In addition to this caffeine effect, green tea and coffee consumption have always been at the center of discussions about human health, disease, and longevity. In particular, green tea catechins are involved in many biological activities such as antioxidation and modulation of various cellular lipid and proteins. Thus, they are beneficial against degenerative diseases, including obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and various inflammatory diseases. Some reports also suggest that daily consumption of tea catechins may help in controlling type 2 diabetes. However, other studies have reported that chronic consumption of green tea may result in hepatic failure, neuronal damage, and exacerbation of diabetes, suggesting that interindividual variations in the green tea effect are large. This review will focus on the effect of green tea catechins extracted from the Camellia sinensis plant on type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the possible mechanistic explanation for the experimental results mainly from our laboratory. It is hoped that green tea can be consumed in a suitable manner as a supplement to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.87.2-87
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• 2003

Long-term repeated culturing of biocontrol agents on a certain medium often results in reduced biocontrol efficacy and altered physiology. Effect of culturing media on biocontrol ability and physiological state of Burkholderia gladioli strain B543 was investigated. Over 20 times repeated cultivation of B. giadioli strain B543 on Kings B medium or nutrient agar medium showed improved biological control of cucumber damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum, while one time cultivation on KB or NA did not. The repeated cultivation also induced the physiological changes of the biocontrol agent such as antifungal activity and the production of protease and siderophore. Our result indicates that adaptation to proper culturing medium can alter biocontrol ability and must consider in optimizing the use of biocontrol agents.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.12-14
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• 2011

Crop growth simulation models have been developed as research and management tools. When these models are needed to incorporate new knowledge on phenology and physiology of crops, programming languages have been used for development and documentation of these models. However, researchers may have limited skill in programming languages. Furthermore, software developer may find it challenging to improve the crop models because documentation of the models are rarely available. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) can provide a simple approach for development and documentation of model. A template for implementation of the model can be obtained using the UML, which would facilitate code re-use and model improvement.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.126.1-126
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

Effects of safener fluxofenim was investigated for crop injury of acetanilide's upland herbicides and for enzyme activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in grain sorghum. Bioassay with etiolated grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. cv. 'G522DR'] seedlings grown in agar containing metolachlor or alachlor showed that they are strong inhibitors on root growth of grain sorghum ($GI_{50}=4.5{\mu}M$ for metolachlor and $6.2{\mu}M$ for alachlor). The safener fluxofenim applied by seed soaking protected growth of grain sorghum from crop injury of metolachlor or alachlor at the concentrations of 1 to 10 ${\mu}M$. There was a significant increase in glutathione-herbicide conjugates in root tissues of fluxofenim-treated seedlings. Activities of $GST_{-metolachlor}$ and $GST_{-CDNB}$ were increased by 82% and 70%, respectively, in the cytosolic fraction of roots with fluxofenim treatment.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 1995

Glyphosate(N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) applied to the assimilate-exporting leaves(i.e. third old leaf) of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mil var. Moneymaker). Herbicide binding protein, QB protein(D1), has been immunoblotted using the antibodies raised against the hybrid-protein expressed by a part of spinach psb A gene cloned in frame with the 3'end of lac Z gene to allow expression of the ${\beta}$-galactosidase(EC 3.21.23) in Escherichia coli. Glyphosate has an effect on a turnover of D1 within photosystem II of thylakoid membrane. The dysfunction of D1 protein within light harvesting complex(LHC-II) seems to be a pleiotropic effect of glyphosate.