• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.394-402
• /
• 2009

Adventitious shoots were induced from pinnae, petiole and rhizome in Pteris cretica 'Wilsonii' in order to develop the efficient mass propagation method, using in vitro culture. Only homogenized rhizome segments could regenerate young sporophytes. Efficient regeneration of multiple shoots was obtained on the one-eighth strength MS medium containing 1% sucrose, and $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $NaH_2PO_4$. To achieve higher rate of regeneration from rhizome segments, rhizome segments were exposed to growth regulators for 2 months and then subcultured on hormone-free medium. The greatest shoot regeneration was obtained by $1{\mu}M$ kinetin with $5{\mu}M$ NAA. BA was effective in formation of GGB (kind of meristems), but they showed low shoot regeneration rate. Plants obtained from present experiments were transplanted to examine good environmental conditions for acclimation. Juvenile plants obtained by the one-eighth strength MS medium showed highest survival rate and vigorous growth at the seedling stage.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1987.07a
• /
• pp.191-211
• /
• 1987

Common usage of the concept of juvenility implies that there is one physiological phase, the juvenile phase, which manifests itself in the various morphological and physiological phenomena observed in juvenile higher plants. The juvenile phase is often defined as that time from seed germination until the plant attains the ability to flower regulating such behaviour. This definition precludes plants from flowering in the juvenile phase. It is of major interest, therefore, to identify the physiological controls(Bluehreife) regulating such behavior. The length of the juvenile period in higher plants ranges from one year to over 60 years in different species. The long juvenile period of seedling is the main cause of the long duration of the breeding process. I determined the length of the juvenile period in various plants and its control of phase changes in natural system in relation to factors such as plant size and age, shoot morphology, apex size, root system and phytohormonal and nutritional status is reviewed. From the own experimental and observational evidence available it appears that both hormonal and nutritional factors can be involved in control of juvenility but that a specific juvenile or flowering hormone is not involved. Grafting, ringing, scoring, root pruning and fertilization have been used to accelerate flowering, but in most cases these cultured treatments are only successful on plants that were passed the juvenile phase. It is suggested that there are intrinsic difference between the meristematic cells of the apieces of juvenile and adult shoot, which are thus determined with respect to there development potentialities. The problems associated with the maintenance of the determined state through mitosis are discussed. The properties of transitional forms of Ribes nigrum L. intermediate between the juvenile and adult phase, are descrived and there implications discussed. Analogies are drawn between juvenile phenomena in woody perennials and in herbaceous species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.148-155
• /
• 2021

Gibberellins (GAs) are essential phytohormones for plant growth that influence developmental processes and crop yields. Recent functional genomic analyses of model plants have yielded good characterizations of the canonical GA signaling pathways and related genes. Although Panax ginseng has long been considered to have economic and medicinal importance, functional genomic studies of the GA signaling pathways in this crucial perennial herb plant have been rarely conducted. Here, we identified and performed functional analysis of the GA signaling-related genes, including PgGID1s, PgSLY1s, and PgRGAs. We confirmed that the physiological role of GA signaling components in P. ginseng was evolutionarily conserved. In addition, the important functional domains and amino acid residues for protein interactions among active GA, GID1, SCF^SLY1, and RGA were also functionally conserved. Prediction and comparison of crystallographic structural similarities between PgGID1s and AtGID1a supported their function as GA receptors. Moreover, the subcellular localization and GA-dependent promotion of DELLA degradation in P. ginseng was similar to the canonical GA signaling pathways in other plants. Finally, we found that overexpression of PgRGA2 and PgSLY1-1 was sufficient to complement the GA-related phenotypes of atgid1a/c double- and rga quintuple-mutants, respectively. This critical information for these GA signaling genes has the potential to facilitate future genetic engineering and breeding of P. ginseng for increased crop yield and production of useful substances.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.306-314
• /
• 2018

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) has long been cultivated as an important economic medicinal plant. Owing to the seasonal and long-term agricultural cultivation methods of Korean ginseng, they are always vulnerable to various environmental stress conditions. ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) is an essential plant hormone associated with seed development and diverse abiotic stress responses including drought, cold and salinity stress. By modulating ABA responses, plants can regulate their immune responses and growth patterns to increase their ability to tolerate stress. With recent advances in genome sequencing technology, we first reported the functional features of genes related to canonical ABA signaling pathway in P. ginseng genome. Based on the protein sequences and functional genomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana, the ABA related genes were successfully identified. Our functional genomic characterizations clearly showed that the ABA signaling related genes consisting the ABA receptor proteins (PgPYLs), kinase family (PgSnRKs) and transcription factors (PgABFs, PgABI3s and PgABI5s) were evolutionary conserved in the P. ginseng genome. We confirmed that overexpressing ABA related genes of P. ginseng completely restored the ABA responses and stress tolerance in ABA defective Arabidopsis mutants. Finally, tissue and age specific spatio-temporal expression patterns of the identified ABA-related genes in P. ginseng tissues were also classified using various available RNA sequencing data. This study provides ABA signal transduction related genes and their functional genomic information related to the growth and development of Korean ginseng. Additionally, the results of this study could be useful in the breeding or artificial selection of ginseng which is resistant to various stresses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 1985

This experiment was carried out to know the processes of protoplast isolation, culture and plant regeneration in aims of introducing foreign genes into plant cells through plant gene vector, and cellular selection for plant improvement. The main results indicated that 2% cellulase plus 0.5% macerozyme is proper for isolation of protoplasts from leaf mesophyll cells of N. plumbaginifolia, plating efficiency was higher in 1.4-2.0 x 10$^4$ cells/ml, complete cell wall was regenerated after 2 days culture, cell division and cell mass were observed after 4 days and 2 weeks, respectively, colony was developed after 3 weeks culture, addition of 1-2mg/l BA promoted shoot differentiation while root differentiation did not required hormone and seeds were harvested from more than 100 cell lines for further investigation and study.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2022.09a
• /
• pp.118-118
• /
• 2022

Carex pumila Thunb. is a plant native to East Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. However, its effect on skin melanogenesis has not been investigated. In the present study, we evaluated its anti-melanogenic properties using B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae in the presence or absence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In this study we revealed that concentrations below 50 µg/mL did not induce any cytotoxicity in B16F10 melanoma cells and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. However, 50 µg/mL treatment significantly inhibited α-MSH-induced extracellular (from 181.24% α 0.62% to 105.15% α 0.31%) and intracellular melanin contents (from 119.8% α 1.2% to 53.4% α 1.7%) as well as intracellular tyrosinase activity (from 143.9% α 4.2% to 103.7% α 1.4%) in B16F10 melanoma cells. At 25 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL concentrations, it could significantly inhibit α-MSH induced hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larvae (from 100% α 2.3% to 60.7% α 1.3% and 47.5% α 1.9% respectively). Additionally, the extract suppressed α-MSH-induced cAMP-CREB-MITF signaling pathway and consequently inhibited tyrosinase expression in B16F10 melanoma cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that this plant extract could suppress the cAMP-CREB-MITF axis which consequently inhibits tyrosinase mediated melanogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.139-142
• /
• 2017

Ethene ($C_2H_4$), which is produced in plants as they mature, was used to study its photoacoustic properties using photoacoustic spectroscopy. Detection of trace amounts, with $N_2$ gas, of $C_2H_4$ gas was also applied. The gas was tested in various conditions-temperature, concentration of the gas, gas cell length, and power of the laser- to determine their effect on the photoacoustic signal, the ideal conditions to detect trace gas amounts, and concentration of $C_2H_4$ produced by an avocado and a banana. A detection limit of 10 ppm was determined for pure $C_2H_4$. A detection of 5% and 13% (by volume) concentration of $C_2H_4$ was produced for a ripening avocado and banana, respectively, in closed space.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.289-303
• /
• 1992

Investigation of the environmental impact of widespread pesticide use has revealed a virtue/vice relationship. Although many pesticides perform their function and disappear without harm to the environment, others persist beyond their useful purpose and cause direct of indirect hazard to man, domestic animals and wildlife. Concurrently, many pests have rapidly adjusted to chemical control practices through changes in behavior that avoid exposure to pesticides of throuth genetic selection for populations resistant to the toxicants. The prospect of losing control over insect herbivores and desease vectors and returning to the days of global hunger and disease is unthinkable. Fortunately, from basic studies of insect and plant biology many opportunities for the development of safe, selective and environmentally pacific strategies for insect pest management are being realized.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.17
• /
• pp.7001-7010
• /
• 2014

Isoflavones are phytoestrogens and natural plant compounds which are similar to 17-${\beta}$-estradiol in chemical structure. It is known that they can act as estrogen agonists or antagonists, depending on endocrine estrogenic levels, but actions of isoflavones are rather complex due to large number of variables such as chemical structures and mechanisms. Some hypotheses on biological mechanisms have not satisfactorily been confirmed to date and human epidemiological and experimental studies have been relatively limited. Nevertheless, isoflavones and isoflavone rich foods have become a focus onf interest due to positive health benefits on many diseases, especially prevention of hormone-related cancers, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and adverse postmenopausal symptoms, and improvement of physiological condition such as maintaining cognitive function. This review provides an overview of chemistry, analytical techniques (focused on human biospecimens), functions including biological mechanisms, and effects of isoflavones, on the basis of the available meta-analysis and review articles and some original articles, on health and cancer.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1993

Thc effect of light and phylohormonc on the belalaln synthesis was tested using the suspension culture of a rod(bclalaln produulng) cell line from Phytolacca esculenta V. Houtte. Betalain synthesis of rod-cell 1ine was strongly dependent on the irradiation of blue light, but induced by hormone, IAA and/or kinetin, in dark conditions. In a light condition, however, 2 mg/l of IAA increased the betalain content about 30% (per gram fresh weight), whereas more than 0.5mg/l of kinetin remarkably decreased. The hairy root derived from the same plant was also observed for the blue light-dependent pigmentation in the root-tips. When the hairy root grown in dark was transferred to the light condition, the accumulation of betalain was initiated after 12hours. Such pigmentation was completely inhabited by addition of a protein synthesis inhibitor.