• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

Commonly to design a database system. a conceptual database has to be designed and then it is transformed into a logical database schema prior to building a target database system. This paper proposes a method which transforms a Temporal Entity-Relationship Model(TERM) into a Temporal Object-Oriented Model(TOOM) to build an efficient database schema. I formalize the time concept in view of object versioning and specify the constraints required during transformation procedure. The proposed transformation method contributes to getting the logical temporal data from the conceptual temporal events Without any loss of semantics, Compared to other approaches of supporting various properties, this approach is more general and efficient because it is the semantically seamless transformation method by using the orthogonality of types of objects, semantics of relationships and constraints over roles.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to obtain information of feed value and fermentative quality of wheat cultivar, 'Taejoong' to confirm availability as a whole crop silage. As a result, the heading date of 'Teajoong' is April 27, and plant height is longer than whole crop barley, 'Youngyang' or whole crop wheat, 'Cheongwoo', spike length are also large, fresh and dry matter yield are also high. In case of feed value, 'Taejoong' had higher crude protein content than whole crop barley, 'Youngyang' or whole crop wheat, 'Cheongwoo', lower NDF and ADF contents, and significantly higher digestible nutrient contents(p<0.05). In case of fermentation qulity, pH of 'Taejoong' was 4.2, and lactic acid content was lower than 'Cheongwoo' silage and significantly higher than 'Youngyang' silage(p<0.05). Acetic acid content was significantly lower than 'Youngyang' and 'Cheongwoo' silage(p<0.01), butyric acid content was significantly lower than that of 'Youngyang' silage (p<0.05). The final Flieg's score showed that 'Taejoong' silage was the best. Also income of 'Taejoong' improved than 'Youngyang' or 'Cheongwoo'. Therefore, 'Taejoong' is considered sufficiently available as whole crop for forage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Development of a new design guide which is based on empirical-mechanistic concept for pavement design is in action. It is called AASHTO 2002 Design Guide in USA and the KPRP(Korean Pavement Research Project) in Korea. The material characteristic of hot mix asphalt is a key role in the design guide. Therefore it is urgent to get a proper materials database, especially the dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt. In this research, dynamic modulus test, which is based on aged asphalt binder, has been carried out and proposed the predicted equation of dynamic modulus. Nine different hot mix asphalt with three different asphalt binder have been used for the dynamic modulus test. Short-term aging, which is covers the time for the production of asphalt plant, transportation, lay-down, and compaction, can be simulated at $135^{\circ}C$ with 2 hour curing. Long-term aging has been carried out for a performance period of asphalt pavement. The dynamic modulus of asphalt pavement increases with aging time. As the nominal aggregate size increases, the change of dynamic modulus is not big.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated the performance of Korea Land Data Assimilation System (KLDAS) for the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) by comparing the modeled against the observed ET at Gwangneung deciduous forest of KoFlux site (GDK) from 2006 to 2008. Although the magnitudes of ET by KLDAS overestimated the observed ET, the seasonal patterns of KLDAS ET were comparable with the correlation coefficient of 0.78. The difference between the KLDAS ET and the observed ET was larger in spring and summer due to rapid plant growth and frequent rainfalls with high cloud cover, respectively. Compared to the ET estimated by NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) with $0.25^{\circ}$ and $1^{\circ}$ resolution, the ET by KLDAS with 10 km resolution showed better agreement with the observation at the GDK site. Albeit further improvement is necessary, our results suggest that KLADS can be used as a practical tool to map ET and to examine its spatiotemporal variability over the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effect of row covering materials on the growth and yield of broccoli for early production in the open meld. Materials for plastic tunnel were row-covering (ventilating non-woven fabric), perforated film (2.3％ pore space) and P.E. film. The types of row covers were tunnel and covering period was one months after transplanting. The row cover and perforated film increased daily air and soil temperature by 3~4$^{\circ}C$ and 2~3$^{\circ}C$, respectively as compared to no covering. Also, relative humidities in those treatments were higher than those in P.E. and no covering. The row covering and perforated film enhanced plant growth. Broccoli grew best and abnormal head appeared the least with row covering treatment. Days taken for head formation, however, did not differ between treatments but the weight of curd was over 400 g in the treatment of row covering and perforated film covering. Marketable yield doubled under row covering as compared to no covering. The first harvest time was earlier by two weeks in row-covering. The results of this experiment indicated that covering row-cover film in spring cultivation was effective fer not only yield increase but also quality evaluation in early production of broccoli.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

A new oil crop chufa(Cyperus esculentus var. sativus) was studied to evaluate the yield potential of tuber and productivity of leaf as a new forage crop resources. Response to nitrogen fertilizer was not clear, showing low yield over 10kg/l0a of nitrogen application. Tuber yield was higher at 50cm $\times$ 15cm and 50cm$\times$20cm of planting population of tuber. Planting at early May showed high tuber yield, and sprouting tuber planting could not increased the tuber yield. The plant height of Chufa is 126cm, and the number of tiller per $\m^2$ are 671. It is moderate to lodging, but susceptable according to the amount of field products. Fresh forage and dry matter yield of above ground of chufa were 2,135kg/10a, and 590kg/l0a, respectively. The contents of crude protein, ether extract, fiber, ash, and acid detergent fiber are 24.8%, 8.1%, 38%, 64.4%, 52.8%, and 55.9%, respectively. It was considered that the nutritive value of chufa leaf in maturing stage was so good as rice straw.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2 s.107
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• pp.255-262
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• 2004

Growth patterns after the cutting and burning of Miscanthus sacchariflorus community were analyzed in the Woopo Wetland. Three replicates of 5 ${\times}$ 5 m plot of control, burning, and cutting treatments were established in April 2003 and changes of growth pattern were monitored by August 2003. In the control, burning, and cutting plots, a total of 7 families and 8 species, 14 families and 18 species, 6 families and 8species were observed respectively. Burning plot showed high diversity of flora. However, high diversity declined after July and all plots showed a similar species diversity. Vine plant, Humulus japonicus, dominated in the burning plots. Change of shoot density was highest in the early period in the burning plots (176/$m^2$) and shoot density in early May was almost double of the control and cutting plots. Toward to the end of active growth period (August), shoot density in cutting plot (170 ${\pm}\;7/m^2$)was higher than that of burning plots (141 ${\pm}\;9/m^2$). Shoot length of the cutting, burning, and control plot was 205 ${\pm}$ 15 cm, 190 ${\pm}$ 17 cm, and 187 ${\pm}$ 6 cm (n> 100) respectively. Above- ground biomass of cutting plots was higher than that of burning and control plots. Above- ground biomass of cutting plot was 1.6 times higher than the control while burning plot showed 1.4 times. This study indicted that cutting of Miscanthus sacchariflorus community increase shoot density development, length growth, and above- ground biomass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1042-1047
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• 2014

This study examined the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng added with tomato powder (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and oligosaccharides instead of red beans and sugar. The moisture content of tomato Yanggaeng was 45.89~33.64% and was highest in the control group. The pH ranged 3.96~6.24 and significant decreased with the addition of tomato powder. Hunter's color value, lightness (L value) were the highest in Yanggaeng added with 20% tomato powder. Redness (a value) increased with tomato powder content, except for 20% tomato powder. Yellowness (b value) significantly increased with tomato powder content (P<0.05) but decreased with 20% tomato powder. In the texture profile analysis, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of tomato powder. Total soluble solid content ($^{\circ}Brix$) was the highest (5.16) in the control group, whereas that of tomato Yanggaeng ranged 4.46~4.92 and significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of tomato powder. The antioxidative activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of Yanggaeng increased with the concentration of tomato powder, although those of Yanggaeng added with 15% and 20% tomato powder were not significantly different (P<0.05). Yanggaeng added with 5 and 10% tomato powder showed acceptable sensory properties, including color, flavor, sweet taste, sour taste, and overall quality. In terms of sensory evaluation and antioxidant activity, the results show that Yanggaeng added with 10% tomato powder was the best, but more research should be conducted in order to improve sensory acceptability.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible utilization and the replacing range of leather meal (LM) or meat and bone meal (MBM) as a fish meal replacer for the dietary animal protein source of growing israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio. Five different diets were formulated on isonitrigenous and isocaloric basis of 38.5% curde protein and 15.3 KJ/g diet. Percentage of the graded levels of replacement of white fish meal (WFM) by LM/MBM on the basis of crude protein were at follows : diet 1, 100% WFM (control) ; diet 2, 75% WFM+25% LM ; diet 3, 50% LM ; diet 4, 75% WFM+25% MBM ; diet 5, 50 WFM+50% MBM and LM or MBM, and approximately 64.5% of plant protein. After one week of conditioning period, fish averaging 10g were divided into five groups and fed one of the experimental diets for 12 weeks. In the first and the second 4 weeks of feeding trials, there were no significant differences in weight gain between two groups of fish fed diet 1 (control) and 2 (P>0.05), while fish fed diet 3, 4 and 5 had a significantly lower body weight gain than fish fed diet 1 (P<0.05). In contrast to those two periods, all diet groups were not significantly different compared to diet 1 in body weight gain during the third 4 weeks of feeding trial (P<0.05). These results indicated that LM and MBM could be used as a fishmeal replacer up to 50% in growing israeli carp.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.39-51
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• 1969

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites ta argano-phosphates using topical application and slide dip techniques; laboratory serening tests of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain and a field trial of the screened materials. 1. Strains of Tetranychus were from Timaru(TR), Havelock Narth (HNR), Lincaln (LN). Germany (GR, GN). Comparisons of the resistant strains and normal strains at the LD50 and LC50 levels were as follows : (a) Using the topical application tochnique; with Parathian. resistant levels of the GR. TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were respeativuly, 1035. 484 and 452 times as resistant' as the LN strain. (b) Using the slide dip technique; with Phosdrin, resistant of GR, TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were 635, 274 and 266 times greater respeativuly, than the GN strain. 2. The laboratory sereaning tests were carried out far their contact plus stomach and residual effect to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used far control of O/P resistant strain of T. urticae. The acaricide groups represented were 3 organo-chlorines (Spidex, Kelthane and C 8514), 2 nitrophenyls (UC 19786 and Morocide), 2 cyclic carbonates(Eradex and Morestan). I carbamate (UC2004 7A), 1 mixture of carbamate and orano-chlorine and 2 other chemicals (C 8677 and M2527). From all acaricide tested. Kelthane and Morocide were the most effective, folowed by Spidex and M2527. Morestan, C8514. C8677 and RS 143 were intermediate, but Eradex, UC 19786 and UC 20046A were poor. 3, The number of sapmles required for estimation of the population in the field evaluation of acaricidal effects was one giving the highest practical precision. It was decided, after preliminary sampling trials. to use samples of 30 leaves per replicate which gave a $5.7\%$ standard error. 4. In the field trials, Morocide applied at the $0.05\%\;and\; 0.04\%$ a. i. conc. to black currant trees gave excellent control of O/P resistant population of T. urticae for about 12 days, but Morocide 0.025 and Kel thane $0.02\%$ a. i. cone. gave efficient control for about 6 days. In other words. first applications of Kel thane ane Moroeide gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of the two-spotted spider mite. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage of black Currants and strawberries by either acaricides at the concentrations used. Acknowledgment ... The authors are grateful to: Dr. R. P. pottinger, Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology. Lincoln college. New Zealand. for his helpful assistance in aiding with the organization of thd field work. Department of agriculture officers for mite colonies. Mr. D. A. Slade, Technical Advisor. Fruitgrowers' Federation (now at Massey University) for his assistance and provision of mites for testing. Mr T. McRae of Timaru for permission to use his crops for field tests. The following chemical companies and I or their New Zealand agents for so readily supplying samples of acarides; Ivan Watkins-Dow Limited. Fruitgrowers Chemical Company Limited. Henry H. York & company (New Zealand). Shell Oil (New Zealand) Limited.