• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.149-166
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• 2018

Many large earthquakes have continuously been reported and resulted in significant human casualties and extensive damages to properties globally. The accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan was caused by a mega-tsunami, which is a secondary effect associated with the Tohoku large earthquake (M=9.0, 2011. 3. 11.). Most earthquakes occur by reactivation of pre-existing active faults. Therefore, the importance of paleoseismological study have greatly been increased. The Korean peninsula has generally been considered to be a tectonically stable region compared with neighboring countries such as Japan and Taiwan, because it is located on the margin of the Eurasian intra-continental region. However, the recent earthquakes in Gyeongju and Pohang have brought considerable insecurity on earthquake hazard. In particular, this region should be secure against earthquake, because many nuclear facilties and large industrial facilities are located in this area. However, some large earthquakes have been reported in historic documents and also several active faults have been reported in southeast Korea. This study explains the evaluation methods of geological structures on active fault, fault damage zone, the relationship between earthquake and active fault, and respect distance. This study can contribute to selection of safe locations for nuclear facilities and to earthquake hazards and disaster prevention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.277-281
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• 2017

Lately rainfall characteristics that it rains a lot in a short space of time often occurs. Because of this meteorological phenomena, the flow rate and concentration of initial rainfall for runoff and combined sewer overflows are changed. In the case of this inlet fluctuation, the flotation method at high surface loading rate is suitable for water quality management. the flotation method is able to meet the removal rate requirements of water public zone in 5 to 10 min which is irelatively short period. For assessment and diagonision of flotation method, A/S ratio is applied until now. But unfortunately, this has some limits for evaluation standard for certification and assessment of technical diagnosis and operation. This is why there is different efficiency in the bubble distribution at the same A/S ratio. The velocity and time of floating is changed by the different bubble distributions. The floating time affects the plant volume because the time factor make size dicision. Therefore the charateristics of bubble distribution and floating time at the same A/S ratio is necessary to apply to evaluation standard for certification and assessment of technical diagnosis and operation. For generalization of the method in certification and assessment, the characteristics of bubble distribution was studied. Until recently, using the optical device and shooting live video, there are some analysis technology of the floating factors. But this kind of technology is influenced by the equipment. with this level of confidence about the results, it is difficult to apply to generalize. According this reasons, this study should be applied on experiment generalization of method about measurement of relation between bubble distribution and floating time.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic examination for diagnosis and removal of small sized foreign bodies, which invaded extremity but difficulty to find on physical examination and/or plane radiographs. Materials and Methods: Since March, 2009 to February, 2012, we performed preoperatively ultrasonography and operation in 9 cases of foreign bodies of hand or foot. Mean symptom duration periods was 32 months. The location were fingers in 5, palms in 2, hand dorsum in 1, heel in 1 case. In 2 cases, foreign bodies were seen on plane radiographs. In the remaining 7 cases, foreign bodies could be diagnosed by ultrasonography only. Using high resolution stick probe, we performed evaluation on size, location, character of foreign bodies and compared preoperative ultrasonographic findings to intraoperative ones. Results: The site of foreign bodies in preoperative ultrasonography corresponded well with intraoperative findings. Foreign bodies were glass particles in 5, plant thorns in 4, pencil lead in 1. Mean size was 3.9 mm (2~7 mm). Conclusion: Ultrasonography is usefull evaluation tool for diagnosis and treatment in whom residual foreign bodies were suspected.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

This study used glucomannan as a fat substitute to produce low-fat patties with chicken meat, of which consumer consumption is increasing. In the case of a cooked meat patty, the crude fat content of the group treated with glucomannan was higher than that of a control when cooked. The cooking loss and reduction rate in the diameter of the control patties were higher than those of the group treated with glucomannan. Cohesiveness and chewiness of the group treated with glucomannan were higher than those of the control. As a result of sensory evaluation, there were no significant differences in the tenderness, color, odor and overall taste among the patties, but the juiciness of the group treated with glucomannan was lower than that of the control. There were no big differences in the pH of the patties during the frozen storage period. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of all of the types of patties gradually increased up to 7.97-8.56 mg% at the fourth week of storage, but these VBN values are hygienically safe. From these results, there was no large quality difference between a low-fat chicken patty to which glucomannan was added and a control. Therefore, it was confirmed that a good quality low-fat chicken patty can be made by controlling the fat and glucomannan content.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2015

Source term analysis should be carried out to prepare the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant. In the planning phase of decommissioning, the classification of decommissioning wastes and the cost evaluation are performed based on the results of source term analysis. In this study, the verification of MCNP/ORIGEN-2 model is carried out for preliminary source term calculation for Wolsung Unit 1. The inventories of actinide nuclides and fission products in fuel bundles with different burn-up were obtained by the depletion calculation of MCNPX code modelling the single channel. Two factors affecting the accuracy of source terms were investigated. First, the neutron spectrum effect on neutron induced activation calculation was reflected in one-group microscopic cross-sections of relevant radio-isotopes using the results of MCNP simulation, and the activation source terms calculated by ORIGEN-2 using the neutron spectrum corrected library were compared with the results of the original ORIGEN-2 library (CANDUNAU.LIB) in ORIGEN-2 code package. Second, operation history effect on activation calculation was also investigated. The source terms on both pressure tubes and calandria tubes replaced in 2010 and calandria tank were evaluated using MCNP/ORIGEN-2 with the neutron spectrum corrected library if the decommissioning wastes can be classified as a low level waste.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.333-344
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• 2018

Selection of the optimal culture medium and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against various phytopathogens were performed for four entomopathogenic fungal isolates with excellent insecticidal and antimicrobial activity against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). The optimal medium was selected by measuring the amount of blastospore production and the antifungal activity of the culture medium. On the basis of these experiments, GY medium was selected for Beauveria bassiana 2R-3-3-1 and Metarhizium anisopliae 4-2, SD3, and PDB medium for B. bassiana SD15. The antimicrobial activity test against other phytopathogens indicated that all four isolates showed high antifungal activities against Colletotrichum acutatum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. However, for Phytophthora capsici and C. fructicola, only M. anisopliae SD3 showed a high antifungal activity against P. capsici, and the other three isolates had little activity. Antibacterial activity against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was high in two isolates of M. anisopliae but not in two isolates of B. bassiana. Thus, it was confirmed that entomopathogenic fungi effective for pest control could be effectively used as a control agent for various plant diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.304-309
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• 2006

In order to examine the antimicrobial effect on dairy processing facilities and products, Prunus mume extinct (PME) was applied to the pilot plant system of dairy industry and yogurt, PME showed thermal and pH stability in the wide spectrum of temperature ($40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$) and pH ($4{\sim}10$) and remarkable antimicrobial activities against dairy spoilage microorganisms. As the result of aseptic treatment of dairy processing facilities with PME microbial colony including coliform bacteria was not detected canpore to those detected in the control. In the level of PME concentration which inhibit the growth of putrefactive microorganisms we could produce yogurt with good scores of sensory evaluation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.387-392
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• 2016

The antioxidant activities of brownish natural dyeing agents, extracted from seven kinds of plants, were tested. Total polyphenol content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and singlet oxygen quenching effect were determined for hot water extracts and floral waters of plants. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activites increased with increasing amounts of the extracts from Uncaria gambir R. and Terminalia chebula R. displayed remarkable scavenging effects at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL, in comparison with the positive control, ascorbic acid. However, antioxidant effects of the floral water, obtained from steam distillation of tested plants, were inefficient at concentration below 0.2 mg/mL. In particular, the natural dyeing agent effectively suppressed singlet oxygen induced by photosensitizer in in vitro assay systems. The concentrations ($IC_{50}$) required to exert 50% of singlet oxygen were 120 and $190{\mu}g/mL$ for hot water extracts from Uncaria gambir R. and Phellinus linteus, respectively. Among all the tested samples, the Uncaria gambir R. and Phellinus linteus extracts contained higher amount of total phenolic contents. The results suggest that naturally occurring dyeing agents are beneficial as natural antioxidants, encouraging further extensive studies.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.3 s.37
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• pp.35-52
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• 2005

To assess the food habits, the nutrient intakes and diet quality of high school students living in Chuncheon area. a dietary survey using a questionnaire and 24hr recall method was conducted with 318 subjects. $30.8\%$ of the subjects often skipped breakfast and $28.0\%$ had snacks over once per day. Mean daily energy intake was $1740\pm712kca1\;with\;61.1\%$ of energy supplied by carbohydrate, $16.0\%$ by protein and $23.1\%$ by fat. As well as insufficiencies in calcium and iron intakes, the bioavailability of calcium and iron consumed is considered to be low because most of them came from plant origins. For calcium, iron and riboflavin, the proportions of subjects with intake levels less than $75\%$ of RDA were all over $68\%$. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall dietary quality was 0.79 for males and 0.78 for females. The indexes of nutritional quality(INQ) were over 1 for most nutrients except 3 nutrients: 0.67 of calcium, 0.82 of iron, 0.90 of riboflavin. Nutrient intake levels less than $75\%$ of RDA may be appropriate as a criteria for insufficiency of nutrient intakes. Based on these results, it is evident that some of high school students in Chuncheon area did not consume enough nutrients, especially calcium, iron and riboflavin.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 2014

Concrete as a construction material is widely used in nuclear vessel and plant for excellent radiation shielding. However the isolation characteristics in concrete may affect adversely in the case of fire and melt-down in nuclear vessel since temperature cooling down is very difficult from outside. This study is for development of high thermal conductive concrete, and its mechanical and thermal properties are evaluated. Magnetite aggregates with volume ratio of 42.3% (maximum) and steel powder of 1.5% are replaced with normal aggregates and thermal properties are evaluated. Thermal conductivity little increases by 30% addition of magnetite but rapidly increases afterwards. Finally thermal conductivity is magnified to 2.5 times in the case of 42.3% addition of magnetite. Steel powder has a positive effect on high thermal conduction to 106~113%. Several models for thermal conduction like ACI, DEMM, and MEM are compared with test results and they are verified to reasonably predict the thermal conductivity with increasing addition of magnetite aggregates and steel powder.