• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze a conservation state and a sustainable use of coastal wetland in Sindu-ri Tae-an, using the plant community structure analysis and the awareness result of local residents by published paper. To investigate a forest structure in Sindu-ri area, twenty plots were set up and surveyed. The community, is divided by three groups. The divided groups are Robinia pseudoacacia(I), Pinus thunbergii-Robinia pseudoacacia(II), Robinia pseudoacacia(III). Survey site I is simple canopy layer and deteriorative forest. Survey site II is grassland and swamp, where Pinus thunbergii-Robinia pseudoacacia is dominant trees of vegetation. Robinia pseudoacacia is competition species with Pinus thunbergii in survey site II. Survey site III is barren land(sand-hill) where main species is Robinia pseudoacacia. As a result, survey II district is considered as the most suitable for the conservation of species diversity. It is proposed in this paper that the ecological nature trail would be connected in survey site I and II for environmental education. The local residents of Tae-an, where natural environment is well-conserved, prefer conservation to development of the region. In case of Tae-an, where the condition of the natural environment is well conserved and the development potential exists, the development is in harmony with the environmental education program.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-180
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• 2003

Biodiversity is defined as totality of genetic, species, and ecosystem variability. It provides natural sources of crop improvement, traditional medicine and biotechnology. In 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) became a legally binding framework for conserving and utilizing global biological diversity. It recognizes national sovereign rights over all genetic resources, such as the need to compensate developing countries for the resources they have provided to the industrialized world. The CBD grants access to those resources in exchange for compensation as well as technology transfer, so that the access to genetic resources would be made under prior informed consent(PIC) and mutually agreed terms(MAT). On the other hand, the developed countries argued that unfettered exchange of genetic resources was essential for scientific research and development, and that technology using genetic resources should be protected. There are many countries today, developing legal frameworks concerned with access to their local genetic resources and benefit sharing. In this study, we analyzed the international trends for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of genetic resources, and suggested how to cope actively with the situation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.111-125
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• 2022

Background: Zanthoxylum armatum is one of the 30 prioritized medicinal plants for economic development of Nepal with a high trade value. Understanding the ecology of individual species is important for conservation and cultivation purposes. However, relation of ecological factors on the distribution and populations of Z. armatum in Nepal remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, an attempt has been made to study the population structure, distribution, and regeneration potentiality of Z. armatum. Vegetation sampling was conducted at six different localities of Salyan district along the elevation range of 1,000 m to 2,000 m. Results: Altogether 50 plant species belonging to 44 genera under 34 families were found to be associated with Z. armatum. Significantly higher species richness was found at Rim (1,400-1,700 m) and Chhatreshwori (1,800-2,000 m) and lower at Kupinde (1,600-1,800 m). The highest population density of Z. armatum was at Kupinde (1,600-1,800 m) with a total of 1,100 individuals/ha. and the lowest at Chhatreshwori (1,800-2,000 m) with 740 individuals/ha. Based on the A/F value (Whitford index), it can be said that Z. armatum has random distribution in the study area. The plants were categorized into seedlings, saplings and adults based on plant height and the status of natural regeneration category determined. The regeneration potentiality of Z. armatum in the study area was fair with the average seedlings and saplings densities of 150 and 100 individuals/ha. Respectively. A Shannon-Weinner index mean value of 2.8 was obtained suggesting high species diversity in the study area. Conclusions: The natural distribution and regeneration of Z. armatum is being affected in the recent years due to anthropogenic disturbances. Increasing market demand and unsustainable harvesting procedures are posing serious threat to Z. armatum. Thus, effective conservation and management initiatives are most important for conserving the natural population of Z. armatum in the study area.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2018

Fungal endophytes are defined as fungi inhabiting plant tissues, causing no apparent disease. As the agricultural and ecological importance of endophytes has increased, many studies have been performed on various aspects, ranging from basic identification, taxonomy, and evolution to secondary metabolites with potential for human use. In the Korean Peninsula, conifers are the most commonly found evergreen trees, with approximately 30 to 60 reported taxa. Studies on the effect of conifer-associated endophytes on the host plants are required for the preservation and conservation of coniferous forests which decline by climate change and deforestation. This review summarizes the diversity of endophytic fungi in coniferous trees of Korea and their relationship with host plants.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.489-494
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• 2006

For the ecosystem conservation and the effective management of naturalized plant species on 261 uninhabited islands distributed in southern and western sea in Korea, we tested the interrelationship between the pattern of distribution and dispersal of the naturalized plant species and the factors of geographical environment of uninhabited islands such as island area, distance from mainland, latitude, longitude, human impacts and habitat diversity. Out of 261 uninhabited islands surveyed, 106 species of the naturalized plants occurred on 229 (87.7%) islands. The naturalized plant species per island averaged 4.6 (SD=4.07) species, and plant species number were higher in southern group (87 species) than in western group (64 species) of islands. Plant species occurred on more than 100 islands were three species : Rumex crispus L. (153 islands), Erigeron annuus Pers. (130 islands), and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (121 islands), the highest grade '5' of 'degree of naturalization'. The occurrence frequency of 106 naturalized plant species was significantly correlated with island area, distance to mainland, strength of human impacts, and latitude and longitude. Correlation coefficient (r=-0.330) between occurrence frequency and distance from mainland was higher than between occurrence frequency and island area (r=-0.182). The result of path analysis confirmed that plant species number was significantly affected by island area p=0.336) and distance from mainland (p=-0.490), but in this analysis the effect of human impacts on plant species number was very weak (p=0.003). On the basis of these results, strategies on the conservation of ecosystem and the management of naturalized plant species in the uninhabited islands of Korea were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

The population status of Hydrangea luteovenosa Koidz. in Korea was investigated, with an emphasis on its genetic diversity. From field surveys, we obtained the only locality record for a wild population in Jeju Island, which contained 285 individuals in total. Genotyping was performed using five microsatellite markers for the all extant plants in Korea. Three Japanese populations were also genotyped for the comparative analyses. The genotyping result showed that the Jeju population consisted of only two multilocus genotypes, including identical heterozygous genotypes at two loci; it had been maintained mostly by vegetative reproduction; and although the Jeju population is geographically far from Japanese populations, all alleles observed in the Korean population were shared with Japanese populations, suggesting the possibility that H. luteovenosa in the Jeju Island had been recently migrated or introduced from Japan. Future ecological and genetic studies associated with negative effects of low genetic variation will be essential for determining the conservation direction of the threatened Korean population of this species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2023

Hibiscus hamabo (Malvaceae) is a deciduous shrub mainly found in northeast Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Due to its limited distribution on Jejudo Island and at several sites in Jeollanam-do in Korea, H. hamabo has been designated as an endangered species by the Ministry of the Environment and has been the subject of several restoration programs. In this study, we quantified genetic variations using double-digestion restriction-associated DNA sequencing technology in 96 individuals of H. hamabo from 13 distinct populations in Korea. We determined 3,352 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism loci after stringent filtering processes and analyzed the level of genetic variation within and among populations as well as the population differentiation and genetic ancestry with various assumptions pertaining to the population origin. Our results indicated weak differentiations among populations surveyed in this study but clearly suggested that most of the H. hamabo populations maintain a relatively high level of genetic diversity as evidence of frequent genetic exchanges among populations via outcrossing or sequential gene flows. For a more detailed analysis of the origin of Korean H. hamabo and its demographic history, it will be necessary to expand sampling in China and Japan.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2018

Lilium is a perennial bulbous plant belonging to the liriotypes genus. Our aim was to study the phylogenetic relationships of the Lilium family. Two varieties of Lilium ledebourii, 44 varieties of the gene bank, and one variety from the Tulipa family served as the out group. In order to study the diversity between lilium masses, ITS regions were used to design the marker. The results showed that the guanine base is the most abundant nucleotide. Relatively high conservation was observed in the ITS regions of the populations (0.653). Phylogenetic analysis showed that sargentiae and hybrid varieties are older than other varieties of the Lilium family. Also, the location of L. ledebourii varieties (Damash and Namin) was identified in a phylogenetic tree by using the ITS marker. Overall, our research showed that ITS molecular markers are very suitable for phylogenetic studies in the Lilium family.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to determine the dominance frequency of plant species between spring and summer, to provide useful information toward the conservation to increasing production cattle feed in grazing area in Hiroshima, Japan. The frequency of dominant plant species can adapt in the spring and summer, that consist of Paspalum dilatatum (spring 69.32% and summer 78.98%), Paspalum notatum (spring 47.73% and summer 98.30%), Trifolium repens (spring 73.86% and summer 81.25%). The observed plant species also influenced some productivity, which consists of plant height (spring 16.64 cm and summer 21.55 cm), vegetation cover rates (spring 77.18% and summer 81.36%, chlorophyll content (spring 41.72 mg/g Fw and summer 36.28 mg/g Fw), diversity index (spring 0.94 and summer 0.80), evenness index (spring 0.93 and summer 0.67), and species numbers (spring 32.0 and summer 21.0). It is proposed that Paspalum dilatatum, Paspalum notatum, and Trifolium repens, can be used to increase productivity of plant species as cattle feeds.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.202-211
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• 2019

Oceanic islands are biologically important for their unique assemblages of species and high levels of endemism and are sensitive to environmental change because of their isolation and small species source pools. Habitat destruction caused by human landscape development is generally accepted as the main cause of extinction on islands, with exotic species invasion a secondary cause of extinction, especially on tropical islands. However, secondary impacts of human development (e.g., general degradation through resource use and exotic species introduction) are understudied on temperate islands. To determine secondary impacts of human development on the understory vegetation community, 90 field sites on Ulleung Island, South Korea, were sampled during the summer of 2016. Understory vegetation was chosen as it is a proxy for ecosystem health. Diversity and percent cover of introduced, native, and endemic species were tested against proximity to developed areas and trail usage using a model selection approach. Diversity was also tested against percent cover of three naturalized species commonly found in survey plots. The main finding was that distance to development, distance to town, and trail usage have limited negative impacts on the understory vegetation community within best-supported models predicting native and introduced cover and diversity. However, endemic species cover was significantly lower on high usage trails. While there are no apparent locally invasive plant species on the island at the time of this study, percent cover of Robinia pseudoacacia, a naturalized tree species, negatively correlated with plot diversity. These findings indicate that forests on Ulleung Island are not experiencing a noticeable invasion of understory vegetation, and conservation efforts can be best spent preventing future invasions.