• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2004

Vegetation established through the natural process, such as Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima, Carpinus laxiflora, Q. aliena and Q. serrata communities and artificially introduced vegetation, which are composed of Larix leptolepis and P. rigida plantations, are established in the mountainous land of the Mt. Songnisan National Park. On the other hand, the developed lands, which are consisted of agricultural folds, residential areas, commercial areas related to tourism, etc. appear in the lowland around streams. Based on the spatial distribution of vegetation, the southern district, which is attributed to Naesongni-myun by administrative system, showed higher natural degree and vegetation diversity. However, most of the other districts, which are attributed to Cheongcheon- and Chilseong-myuns, are covered with the Korean red pine forest, a product of artificial influence, and plantation also occupied higher percentage. Thereby both vegetation diversity and natural degree are lowering. A result of ordination by DCA showed that sands tended to be arranged by depending on the topographic condition. Species diversity of plant communities was higher in broad-leaved stands rather than in coniferous ones and in stands of the early stage than in ones of the late stage. The result of analysis on vegetation dynamics implied that vegetation of this region would be dominated by Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora communities in the future. However, considered occurrence the of disturbance and response of vegetation on that, this estimation may different somewhat from an actual situation. Conservation strategies of the Mt. Songnisan National Park were discussed in viewpoints of landscape ecology, and conservation of major plant communities and biodiversity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.289-302
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• 2018

The study investigated the forest vegetation in 59 plots between June 2017 and August 2017 to understand the forest vegetation structure of the protected zone for forest genetic resource conservation (forest genetic resource reserve area) in Heuksando Island. We classified the vegetation using the Z-M phytosociological method analyzed the importance value and species diversity of each vegetation classification. The analysis showed the Camellia japonica community group at a top level of forest vegetation hierarchy. In the level of community, it was classified into Dendropanax morbiferus community (Vegetation unit 1; VU 1), Carpinus turczaninowii community, and C. japonica typical community (VU 6). C. turczaninowii community was subdivided into Buxus koreana group (VU 2), Rhododendron mucronulatum group (VU 3), Vitis amurensis group (VU 4) and C. turczaninowii typical group (VU 5). Therefore, it was classified into a total of six vegetation units (one community group, three communities, and four groups). The analysis of the mean codominant value of each VU show that Quercus acuta was the highest in VU 1, C. turczaninowii in VU 2, Pinus thunbergii in VU 3, Pinus densiflora in VU 4, and Castanopsis sieboldii in VU 5 and VU 6. The analysis of species diversity showed that VU 2 was the highest among six units in species richness index, species diversity index, and species evenness index. VU 6 showed the highest among six units in species dominance index. In conclusion, a synecology approach to manage six units and twelve species groups was needed for the forest vegetation of Heuksando Island protected area for forest genetic resource conservation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.3
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• pp.275-287
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze forest vegetation type classification and relationships between the type and environment factor in Mt. Dutasan. Data were collected by total of forty six plots using Z-M phytosociological method from June to October, 2016, and analyzed by vegetation classification, canopy layer structure and relationships between vegetation unit and environment factor using coincidence methods. As a result of vegetation type classification, Quercus mongolica community group was classified at a top level of vegetation hierarchy that was classified into Rhododendron schlippenbachii community and Betula costata community. R. schlippenbachii community was divided into Lychnis cognata group and R. schlippenbachii typical group. L. cognata group was subdivided into Veratrum oxysepalum subgroup and L. cognata typical subgroup. B. costata community was divided into Fraxinus mandshurica group and Betula schmidtii group. F. mandshurica group was subdivided into Weigela subsessilis subgroup and Cimicifuga heracleifolia subgroup. Therefore the forest vegetation was composed of six vegetation units with two kinds of bisected species groups and fourteen species groups. As the result of an analysis of canopy layer structure, there were two kinds of structures with monotonous structures V. oxysepalum subgroup (vegetation units 1), L. cognata typical subgroup (vegetation units 2), W. subsessilis subgroup (vegetation units 4) and complicated structures R. schlippenbachii typical group (vegetation units 3), C. heracleifolia subgroup (vegetation units 5), Betula schmidtii group (vegetation units 6). The vertical layer structure of vegetation unit 5 was the most developed and vegetation unit 6 had the lowest coverage of herb layer. According to the correlation between vegetation unit and environmental factor, R. schlippenbachii community (vegetation units 1~3) and B. costata community (vegetation units 4~6) were classified based on 1,100 m of altitude, middle slope, twenty of slope degree, twenty percents of bare rock and thirty centimeters of DBH in tree layer. R. schlippenbachii community (vegetation units 1~3) showed positive correlation with altitude, topography and B. costata community (vegetation units 4~6) showed negative correlation tendency with them.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 1998

These studies had performed a plans for preservation and distribution of Ilex cormuta community Mt. Keumsung($35^{\circ}05'\;N,\;126^{\circ}04'\;E$) in Naju, Chonnam from Arpil, 1997 to October by Braun-Blanquet' method(1964). According to the vegetation table of community, the plant communities of the investigated sites were classified Ilex corunta-Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium commnity. Now there still remains the natural environment to be developed in coast district around the riverside distributing Ilex cornuta Lindl., so it has scientifically high value to predict change of the ecosystem and preserve the community distribution. It needs plan for preservation high value to predict change of the ecosystem and preserve the community distribution. It needs plan for preservation

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2015

Sparganium japonicum Rothert. is designated as a near threatened species by the National Institute of Biological Resources and is restrictively distributed in South Korea. To conserve and restore habitats of this plant, we investigated environmental characteristics and vegetation at five habitats during the growing season. Thirty plant species from seventeen families were found in the S. japonicum community. The species frequently found in this community included Utricularia vulgaris, Potamogeton distinctus, Phragmites japonica, Cicuta virosa, Persicaria thunbergii, Phragmites communis, Hydrilla verticillata. Maximum height of this plant reached at August and average height at five habitats is 120 cm at this time. Water and soil environmental factors showed low values compared with that of other wetlands. S. japonicum lived in not only shallow water level but also deep water level. These results can be helpful for S. japonicum habitat conservation and restoration.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the canopy growth conditions and the accuracy of phenological stages of paddy rice using ground-based remote sensing data. Plant growth variables including Leaf Area Index (LAI) and canopy reflectance of paddy rice were measured at the experimental fields of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea during the crop seasons of 2011, 2012, and 2013. LAI values were also determined based on correlations with Vegetation Indices (VIs) obtained from the canopy reflectance. Three phenological stages (tillering, booting, and grain filling) of paddy rice could be identified using VIs and a spatial index (NIR versus red). We found that exponential relationships could be applied between LAI and the VIs of interest. This information, as well as the relationships between LAI and VIs obtained in the present study, could be used to estimate and monitor the relative growth and development of rice canopies during the growing season.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the plant community structure and to propose ecological management planning for the urban forest on Sungdongku, Joongku and Yongsanku in Seoul. Field survey was excuted October 1991 and the results were as follows. Robinia pseudoacasia community covered 61.1% and Populus x albaglandulosa covered 3.8% of survey site II and survey site was covered by the deciduous-broad leaf mixtured forest. According to the human impact and inappropriate management impact, survey area was divided into five forest community. As for the analysis of plant community structure which was classified into five forest community, the importance values, ecological diversity, number of species, number of individuals, basal area and crown coverage of the native plant community showed relatively higher than community that vegetation deterioration degree by the human impact showed seriously. In landscape forest of Mt. Daehyun, it showed problems for the planting method and the soil condition. So it was proposed to management guide, vegetation restoration and soil management through ecological management planning based on above results.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.273-280
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• 2001

We investigated the flora and vegetation structure of exotic plants along stream geomorphology and disturbance factors in the riparian zone of Seunggi stream, Incheon. Total 53 exotic plant species were found in the riparian corridors of Seunggi stream. The percentage of exotics ranged from 25% to 33% of total species richness, and its mean value was 24% in the whole riparian area. The percentage of exotics reflected the vulnerability of riparian zones to plant invasions by disturbances, and it could be used as an indicator of riparian system dysfunction. The distinct distribution patterns of exotic plants did not found in the lateral topographic features of the stream. Invasion and proliferation of the exotic plants were somewhat remarkable at terraces and bank slopes of the stream. Among various disturbance factors, plowing and trampling were important on the invasion of exotic plant species of Seunggi stream.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

The vegetation of habitats of a Korean rare plant Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai at Mt. Baekun was investigated by phytosociological approach. The vegetation of investigated area shows typical southern-temperate Quercus forest. The humidity of soil was high and the ground of locality was flat area of sub-alpine. These investigated area is very important for conservation of a rare plant, Kirengeshoma koreana that is limited in this area. Therefore, sustainable conservation strategy such as designation of conservation area should be prepared urgently by the results of long-term monitoring studies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.264-278
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• 2010

This study was carried out to describe the basic materials of the flora and vegetation for the conservation and management of the Dokdo ecosystem. The vegetation types were investigated by physionomy. 53 taxa of vascular plants were found, including 29 families, 48 genera, 49 species, 1subspecies, and 3 varieties. Among the investigated 53 taxa, it was recorded as follows: 2 Korean endemic plants included Sedum kamtschaticum var. takesimense M.Park and Campanula takesimana Nakai and 6 naturalized plants included Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Sonchus oleraceus L., Bromus catharticus Vahl, Lepidium virginicumL., Chenopodium album L., and Ipomoea purpurea Roth. In particular, common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea Roth) was reported for the first time in this survey of Dokdo. Based on physionomy, the main plant communities of Dokdo Island were Aster spathulifolius-Sedum oryzifolium community, Aster spathulifolius-Artemisia Japonica subsp. littoricola community, Fallopia sachalinensis-Cyrtomium falcatum community, Echinochloa crusgalli community, Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola community. The debates have been continuing about a mis-identification of plants. To avoid this debate and manage naturalized and cultivated plants, taxonomist surveys and continual monitoring for the Island are required.