• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.173-187
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• 2023

In an era of population decline, depopulated regions facing challenges in attracting inbound population migration must enhance urban vitality through the attraction of living populations. This study focuses on Busan, a city experiencing population decline, comparing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of registered residents and living populations in various administrative districts (Eup-Myeon-Dong) using mobile communication big data. Administrative districts are typified based on population change patterns, and regional characteristics are analyzed using indicators related to urban decline and vitality. Spatiotemporal distribution analysis reveals generally similar density patterns between registered residents and living populations; however, a distinctive feature is observed in the city center areas where the density of registered residents is low, while the density of living populations is high. Divergent trends in spatial patterns of change between registered residents and living populations show clusters of registered population decline in low-density areas and clusters of living population decline in high-density areas. Areas adjacent to declining living populations exhibit large clusters of population changes, indicating a spillover effect from high-density to neighboring areas. Typification results reveal that, even in areas with a decline in registered residents, there is active population influx due to commuting or visiting. These areas sustain an increase in the number of businesses, confirming the presence of industrial and economic growth. However, approximately 47% of administrative districts in Busan are experiencing a decline in both registered residents and living populations, indicating ongoing regional decline. Urgent measures are needed for enhancing urban vitality. The study emphasizes the necessity of utilizing living population data as an urban planning indicator, considering the increasing limit distance of urban activities and growing interregional interaction due to advancements in transportation and communication.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.1 s.118
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• pp.133-155
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• 2007

The sustainable urban development has emerged as a new paradigm of urban studies in recent years. A review of the literature of land use and transport policies in relation to sustainable development reveals a consensus that the main objectives of sustainable strategy should decrease the numbers and length of journeys, and change the land use pattern towards mixed use and high density. However, there is a lack of empirical research as to what types of policies might influence effectively the reduction in the energy consumption and emission of $CO_2$. in order to sustain urban development. This paper tries to construct the conceptual structure of the PSS(planning support system), which is designed to the simulation of the probable effects of policies and planning of different kinds in cities, and evaluate the sustainablilty level according to construct the structure of the PSS(planning support system), which is designed to the simulation of the probable effects of policies and planning of different kinds in cities, and evaluate the sustainablilty level according to the alternative scenarios. The PSS is composed of three components (input-modeling-output). The core of PSS is integrating land use-transport-environment modeling. The advantages of integrating land use-transport-environment modeling are well known, but there are very few such integrated modeling packages in practice. So this paper tries to apply TRANUS software, which is an integrated land use and transport model. The TRANUS system was calibrated to city of Yongin for the base year. The purpose of the application of TRANUS to Yongin is to examine the operability of TRANUS system in Korea. From the outputs and results of operating the system, TRANUS may be effectively used to evaluate the effects of alternative sustainable urban development policies, since sustainablilty indicators can be extracted from several aspects such as land use consumption, total trips, distance and cost, energy consumption, ratio of transport split.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2016

This study aimed to design and operate a complementary integrated health management program based on the connection between the hypertension and diabetes management programs and the oral health programs at a public health center. It also proposed to suggest the phased evaluation indicators. In this study, 48 adults registered in the hypertension and diabetes management program were selected from the Gangneung public health center. The clinic-specific programs were led by dental hygienists and operated for visitors twice every two weeks. The programs were designed based on the logical model, and indicators for evaluating the structure, process, and outcome were presented and applied to the input, process, output, and outcome. The evaluation indices consisted of quantitative and qualitative indicators, and the planning and operation, goal achievement, and effect of each program were assessed. The process evaluations were assessed by the appropriateness of the managers and the operating fidelity of the programs. Indicators for evaluating the outcomes were gingival bleeding, oral health knowledge, oral health awareness, and the satisfaction of the participant and the manager. The clinic-specific programs resulted in positive changes in the evaluated outcomes. The integrated health management of visitors to the hypertension and diabetes management program is important as the general and oral health has common risk factors. Furthermore, long-term operation and continuous monitoring of oral health programs are necessary to evaluate the common factors in chronic disease management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.278-284
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• 2014

Water temperature due to climate change can be estimated using the air temperature because the air and water temperatures are closely related and the water temperatures have been widely used as the indicators of the environmental and ecological changes. It is highly necessary to estimate the frequency distribution of the air and water temperatures, for the climate change derives the change of the coastal water temperatures. In this study, the distribution function of the air temperatures is estimated by using the long-term coastal air temperature data sets in Korea. The candidate distribution function is the bi-modal distribution function used in the previous studies, such as Cho et al.(2003) on tidal elevation data and Jeong et al.(2013) on the coastal water temperature data. The parameters of the function are optimally estimated based on the least square method. It shows that the optimal parameters are highly correlated to the basic statistical informations, such as mean, standard deviation, and skewness coefficient. The RMS error of the parameter estimation using statistical information ranges is about 5 %. In addition, the bimodal distribution fits good to the overall frequency pattern of the air temperature. However, it can be regarded as the limitations that the distribution shows some mismatch with the rapid decreasing pattern in the high-temperature region and the some small peaks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.147-170
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• 2008

Evaluation of an academic library is a key to its success. Library and Information Policy Bureau of the President of the Republic of Korea conducted a trial evaluation on academic libraries with a university evaluation index developed by KERIS in 2005. The committee decided to review its feasibility based on the feedbacks from the academic libraries after the trial. This study aims to address the indexing issues appeared during the trial and suggest a new evaluation index tailored to academic libraries. First, the evaluation field is condensed from 7 to 6 as "financing" and "infrastructure" are integrated into "budget and infrastructure." Secondly, both "user charter" and "planning" are removed from the "library management" field category. and "library self-assessment" is added instead. In "information resource" field, "non-books and etc." is added. Third, evaluation categories for "budget and infrastructure" field are altered to budget-related items and library equipment. Forth, "collection turnover rate" category is incorporated into "collection usage" in "information usage" field, and "library use rate" in "information service" field is moved to "information resource" field and renamed as "use rate."

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.120-140
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to assess the green space considering functional characteristics in order to provide the base data for efficient green planning and management. The study area was the park-type green spaces in Daegu and the functions were limited in nature-ecological, environment-control, and usage functions. Thirteen indicators were selected from the literature review and MCB analysis of expert survey. The weightings of functional indicators were established through AHP analysis of expert survey. According to the results of functional assessment, Naengcheon amusement, Deagu sports, and Dalchang amusement parks had scores of more than 80 in the case of nature-ecological function. Fifteen parks such as Bokhyeon, Manchon, and Cheonnae parks had scores of more than 75 in terms of environment-control function and eleven parks such as Suseong, Dalseong, and Wolbae parks had scores of more than 80 in usage function. The findings from this study can be used as the base data and guideline for construction of new park-type green space and continuous management and remodeling of current green space.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2009

As GIS analysis method began to be introduced in late 1980's, studies of land development applying the GIS also started to be proceeded in various fields. Since 2003, Land Suitability Assesment has been adopted in order to prevent national land from development thoughtless for the environment and to plan appropriate national land management in terms of green development. Land Suitability Assessment System II based on diverse GIS analysis method such as Contour Analysis, Overlay Analysis, Network Analysis was particularly adopted to draft plans of specifying and altering of exclusionary zoning as well as installing and maintaining of urban planning facilities. But there has been a lot of problem, like an inaccurate basic data and assessment indicators, unmatched threshold, and contradicted evaluation result between each evaluating systems. Even though it is suited to an evaluation criteria, grade distribution is applied to start at 20, and development-centered evaluation result is offered. Now, we observed how suitability values and grading were changed, ordering to change grade distribution system from $20{\sim}100$ to $0{\sim}100$. In result, it showed changes of grades in some parcels. And in case of suitability values, 87% of parcels decreased to minimum 1 point, maximum 70 points. It means that changing grade distribution system of assessment system II doesn't have only influence on suitability values and grading but it is also an empirical analysis because of considering both development and maintenance.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2006

Environmental capacity assessment of Busan city was conducted to provide basis for planning on sustainable development and growth of the city. Using Onish model, assessment was carried out on amenities and service facilities for the citizens of Busan city. Ecological Footprint model was used to judge if the city exceeds the its environmental capacity and to estimate the extent of the excess if it exists. The analysis using Onish model revealed that the citizens of Busan city are generally well supported by the infrastructure and service facilities of the city. Water treatment and supply facilities have enough capabilities to support the city, whereas the relatively low rate of sanitary sewer supply (78%) suggests the need for further improvement in the wastewater area. The capacities of sanitary landfills are found sufficient enough to support the city for the next 10 years. The high value for the line length served per capita in the subway sector hints on certain inconvenience of commuters. All the air quality indicators meet the Korean and WHO standards except for $NO_2$. The ecological footprint model analysis produced EF indicators for Busan city of 3.04 ha/person and 2.54 ha/person for the years of 1993 and 2003, respectively. The decrease of the indicator from 1993 to 2003 is mainly due to the incorporation of Gijang area by Busan city in 1995, suggesting the importance of the ecologically productive area in the evaluation using this model. The analysis on the ecological deficit that is based on ecologically productive land shows that the consumption by Busan city exceeds its ecologically available production by 19,600% as of 2003. The area needed to support the consumption of Busan city in 2003 is 123 times as large as the present area of Busan city, which is substantially lower than the multiplier (742) obtained for Seoul city in 1997 but is higher than those observed for Chongju city (71 in 1999) and Ulsan city (39 in 2001).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5673-5682
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• 2015

Purpose of this study is to examine and investigate the utilization of low-rise floor Pilotis space which is frequently selected as a major planning element in recent high-rise apartment complex and to identify the interrelationship between the placement of Pilotis space in the complex and space utilization frequency by comparing circulation related indicators of Connectivity, Control Value, Global Integration and Local Integration through Space Syntax axial analysis. Conclusions of this study are, first, Pilotis space is not used as a space to improve regional community consciousness because it is mostly used as a 'simple movement space'. Second, regarding space utilization frequency differences in Pilotis space in each apartment building, projecting entry access+pilotis addition type complex shows more significant utilization frequency than pilotis access type complex, and the vandalism phenomenon is observed more often. Third, Pilotis space utilization is related with Connectivity, Control Value, Global Integration and Local Integration which are circulation related indicators in Space Syntax, and Pilotis spaces with high indicator values over 2 tend to show higher utilization frequency and those with low indicator values over 2 tend to show low utilization frequency.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.731-746
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• 2011

The successful and sustainable growth of SMEs depends on their ability of strengthen their competitiveness in quality and cost and service more than anything else as a fundamental of operation. Among these key competitive factors of SMEs, quality is the most critical factor in manufacturing business fields. Because quality strongly influence cost and service performance on this manufacturing business field. There are many different ways to improve the quality performance but it needs proper management decision to choose the best way what can maximize outputs with minimum inputs. And it needs effective measurement methods and some indicators to analysis the quality performance properly. The quality cost is one of the simplest key indicators to measure the quality performance and the effectiveness of quality related management decisions. The major purpose of this study is to diagnose the categorized current level of actual quality cost of local SMEs to maximize their quality management effectiveness through comparing their level with others what's expressed in early studies. In this study, through survey on local SMEs, we found that their average annual quality cost ratio versus turnover - Total amount of annual quality cost divided by annual turnover - is around 3.69% excluded some SME's performances what have different quality control measures with others. And we found some results what corresponded with the early studies on the correlations between those categorized quality costs factors and some discrepancies between some of the literature model and the early case study results as follows. There were negative correlations between the Prevention costs and the External failure costs, and the Appraisal costs and the External failure costs, and there was positive correlation between the Appraisal costs and Internal failure costs same as early studies. But, we couldn't found any strong negative correlations between the Cost of control - Preventive costs & Appraisal costs - and the Cost of Failure of control - Internal & External failure costs -. It reveals not only the lack of effectiveness on their preventive or appraisal activities but also it can reveal there were so many effective ways to prevent the failure costs properly such as some innovative investment on Factory automation includes Error Proofing and more preventive actions to improve the effectiveness of the typical management methods likes CE (Concurrent Engineering), APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning), FMEA (Failure Mode & Effect Analysis) etc.