• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2009

This research grasped the change of bathroom type, the present status for the residents' bathrooms, the level of satisfaction and preference for the residents' bathrooms, along with the plane of large-size apartment. This research aims to contribute to making the bathroom space to be able to satisfy the residents' desires. A total of 115 samples, acquired via internet survey, were analyzed with the statistical computer program SPSS PC+ 15.0 with the bathroom plane analysis. The results of this research are as follows. 1) As the results of the most representative plane, were divided into total 4 bathroom types, public bathrooms were $3.9-5.29m^2$ couple bathrooms were over than $3.17-8.3m^2$ in the average bathroom area, and there were two in less than $199m^2$ and even three in more than $199m^2$ in the number of bathrooms. 2) Three bathrooms were preferred by the residents who have three bathrooms now and by the younger generation though two bathrooms were preferred by most residents in the bathroom number. Most of the public bathrooms and couple bathrooms were considered to be proper in the bathroom area. 3) The preferred types were different according to each brand in the preference of the bathroom form. This means that to present a new plane figure including various bathroom forms is recommended in planning the bathroom space hereafter, that the bathroom spaces are changing. 4) In the bathroom environment, to present the technical solution through the study for the natural lighting and the sound arresting is required. This research hopes that the results of this research will be able to be used as the basic data to provide the bathroom space equipped with a pleasant environment condition to the residents.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.14 no.2 s.49
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2005

The subject of this paper is to find out the characteristics of Michael Graves' housing design. I collected the information of his designs and teamed his design language through his works on different time. I chose five actual housings for analysis which were built since 1960 when he have started his career. Though analysis of the exterior view, plane figures and the total arrangement photos, I could reached the conclusion. From analysis of this research I could figure out the characteristic of Michael Graves housing design as follows. During his whole working career $(1960\~present)$, his design style has went through distinctive characteristic changes that can be divided into: 1960s to early 1970s, mid and late 1970s, 1980s to as of now. 1960s to early 1970s, during this period his works implicated transparency, openness, consistency, complication, and contrast on space, abstraction, white-color and metaphor. mid and late 1970s, showed the white-color figure put together with geometrical structure and post-modernism styles such as ornamentation, natural and metaphor. 1980s to as of now, implicated ornamentation, natural features, historic background, interconnections, variety, symbolism and tradition.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 1968

In order to study the electrocardiogram of small animals authors deviced a fixing apparatus in the ventral resting position of rabbit and an attaching electrodes. Normal electrocardiograms of 8 adult rabbits were studied with author's improved fixing apparatus and electrodes. Leads taken were the standard limb lead, augmented unipolar leads and the unipolar precordial leads. The total numbers of various leads were eleven altogether. Results obtained in this study may be summarized as follows: 1. The details of the methods used to record and measure the six standard frontal plane leads and the five precordial leads of the rabbit electrocardiogram in the ventral resting position were described. The fixing apparatus of rabbits in ventral position are shown in Figure 1 and the attaching electrodes are shown in Figure 2. 2. The electrocardiographic changes in ventral position were more stable than in dorsal position in each lead. 3. The analysis of the amplitude, duration and other values of various waves are shown in Table 1 and Figure 3. 4. The electrocardiogram of rabbits showed decreased heart rate in ventral position than dorsal one. 5. The mean electrical axis of QRS complex in ventral position were +44.12 degrees and in dorsal position were +25.5 degrees.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.161-194
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study is to look into sub-factors of spatial sense that can be contained in spatial sense of solid figure of mathematics curriculum and offer suggestions to improve teaching spatial sense of solid figures in the future. In order to attain these purposes, this study examined the meaning and sub-factors of spatial sense and the relations between spatial sense of solid figure and sub-factors of spatial sense through a theoretical consideration regarding various studies on spatial sense. Based on such examination, this study compared and analyzed textbooks used in South Korea, Finland and the Netherlands with respect to contents of mathematics curriculum and textbooks in grades, sub-factors of spatial sense, and realistic contexts for spatial sense of solid figure. In the light of such theoretical consideration and analytical results, this study provided suggestions for improving teaching spatial sense of solid figures in elementary schools in Korea as follows: extending contents regarding spatial sense of solid figures in mathematics curriculum and considering continuity between grades in textbooks, emphasizing spatial orientation as well as spatial visualization, underlining not only construction with blocks but also mental activities in mental rotation and mental transformation, comparing strength and weakness of diverse plane representations of three dimensional objects, and utilizing various realistic situations and objects in space.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 1998

The recent greenhouses are extremely light-weight structures and easily damaged by the strong winds due to the lack of uplift capacity of pile foundations. The uplift capacity of pile foundations are subject to the shape of the pile surface, diameter, weight, and embedded depths. etc. So, it is very important to figure out the most appropriate conditions on shape of the pile surface and it's embedding depths. to improve wind proof capability of pipe greenhouses. In this study, plane and corrugated pile surfaces were examined on their uplift capacity with 30 to 50 cm of embedding depths. The diameters of tested piles were 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. Compaction ratio of the tested soil was 80%. Each test run was repeated three times for the respective treatment. Obtained results are as follows; In all cases, as the diameter and the embedding depth were increased, the ultimate uplift capacity of the pile was also increased. And it was clear that the ultimate uplift capacity of corrugated pile was approximately two times as big as that of plain piles under same conditions.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.407-421
• /
• 2015

This study examined the pixel's expression trend and nature featured in contemporary fashion, which works as a basic unit symbolizing the digital image, paying attention to its formativeness. The work through this process aimed at suggesting an opportunity for recognition about pixel image utilized as a formative component beyond its simple meaning of unit and providing the fundamental materials for usage in creative fashion design reflecting the digital emotion in the future, In research method, literature review was followed on pixel and the empirical study about its image was also performed that was found in the modern fashion. As a result, the trend in pixel has these characteristics. Its first nature lies in its plane expression. It was printed as mosaic or graphic grid image or expressed through patchwork technique. Also, rather than a certain form or figure, its unique image was emphasized according to the applied color, size, and position. Second, a stepwise pattern in pixel was applied to external format for part of clothing, eye glass and necktie, indicating some interest and wit. Third, in application to plane and external shape, the graphically modernized effect was realized, not to mention the illusive image with cubic expression. As shown, the characteristics in contemporary fashion via pixel expression were given in fantastic image, optical humor, and reflection of digital value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.07a
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2002

CeO$_2$ and NiO buffers for YBCO coated conductors were deposited on biaxially textured Ni substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD) and the deposition behavior were investigated. The degree of texture of deposited CeO$_2$ and NiO films was strongly dependent on the deposition temperature(T$\sub$d/) and oxygen partial pressure(P$\sub$O$_2$/). ($\ell$00) textured films were well deposited at specific deposition temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The in-plane and out of plane textures estimated form the full width half maximum of the pole figure peaks were less than 10$^{\circ}$. The surface morphology showed that the CeO$_2$ films consisted of columnar grains grown normal to the Ni substrates, while NiO films were slate and clean like a mirror. The surface roughness of both films estimated by atomic force microscopy(AFM) were as smooth as 3-10 m. The growth rate of the films is much faster than that of other physical deposition methods.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2008

Wall thinning defect due to flow accelerated corrosion is one of major aging phenomena in most power plant industries, and it results in reducing load carrying capacity of the piping systems. A failure testing system was set up for real scale elbows containing various simulated wall thinning defects, and monotonic in-plane bending tests were performed under internal pressure to find out the failure behavior of thinned elbows. Various finite element models were generated and analysed to figure out and simulate the behavior for other thinning shapes and loading conditions. This paper presents the decreasing trends of load carrying capacity according to the thinning dimensions which were revealed from the investigation of finite element analysis results. A mechanical integrity evaluation model for thinned elbows was proposed, also. This model can be used to calculate the TES plastic load of thinned elbows for general internal pressure, thinning location, and in-plane bending direction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2010

Hanok has been widely distributed as a support policy by local governments for the purpose of improving residential environment. In this study, Hanok in a rural area was founded was to evaluate the user's satisfaction. Hanok between residents and the perception of architects and tries to figure out the difference. Current Hanok residents showed higher satisfaction, but they showed negative response for high construct cost, plane form of building, insulation performance and noise. According to the comparison of recognition between residents and architectural designers, they showed differences in "Low soundproofing", "lack of storage space", "Equipment", "Tile", "The modularity of the flat panel design", and "The modularity of construction materials" and it was examined that architectural designers group had higher preference for traditional materials and forms. For succeeding to the traditional architectural factors of Hanok and distributing it as modern house, the research on use of modern materials and modulation of plane and members should be performed for reducing construction cost and improving insulation performance.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.14 no.1 s.60
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2007

The mother Ni-W (1-5 wt.%) alloy billets for coated conductor substrate were fabricated by powder metallurgy process. The tensile test results for the sintered Ni-W rods showed the increase of mechanical strength and decrease of ductility with increasing W content due to the solid solution hardening. All the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens showed the typical ductile fracture mode of dimple rupture due to the local necking. The Ni-W alloy billets were made into tape by cold rolling. After the appropriate heat treatment for recrystallization, the brass texture formed by the cold rolling was converted to the complete cube texture. The in-plane and out of plane texture of the tapes estimated by x-ray pole figure were smaller than 9 degree and 7 degree, respectively. The effect of the W addition on the texture development seems not to be significant.