• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.97-111
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• 2023

Dynamic orphism images expressed with abstraction and construction in color are often found in modern fashion. Orphism stressing color is one of the many art trends that influence fashion. This work aims to examin its expressive effects and characteristics that appear in fashion and provide basic materials for fashion design study. This study proceeds with the following steps. First, the study takes on a theoretical examination of the orphism trend using a literature review. Second, based on its results, modern fashion's expressive features influenced by orphism are analyzed. Third, the study draws expression effects in modern fashion from these characteristics. The study coverage is confined to domestic and foreign collections released in the 21st century. The study contents come from an Internet-base domestic and international database and published material, including dissertations and books. Orphism expression effects are found in the following ways in modern fashion. First, it lies in the abstraction effect of color. This feature arrays flat geometric figure on the clothing surface and applies a strong sense of color inside it, as if color has an abstractive structured design. Second, it gives a dynamic sense visually to the clothes all at once by stressing the relation among and between the colors with powerful contrast. Third, it has a collage effect of color. This effect develops into an organic combination composed of geometric plane figures with intense complementary colors in a single piece of clothing. Expression types that presents the orphism effect in fashion are divided into clothing showing traditional orphism characteristics faithfully and clothing expressing conventional orphism characteristics mixed with modern trends. Further developed orphism fashion can be classified by the playful type, with graffiti added onto an orphism color structure, and the destructive type, where traditional orphism color orders are taken apart and reformed into a new color order.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.2 s.285
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• pp.98-105
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• 2006

YBCO film was synthesized by using a new approach to the TFA-MOD method. In the fabrication process, $Y_2Ba_1Cu_1O_x\;and\;Ba_3Cu_5O_8$ powders were used as precursors (the so called '211 process'), instead of Y-, Ba-, and Cu-based acetates, and dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid followed by calcining and firing heat treatment. Consequently, we successfully fabricated YBCO film and evaluated the phase formation, texture evolution, and critical properties as a function of the calcining and firing temperature and humidity, in order to explore its possible application in coated conductor fabrication. The films were calcined at $430-460^{\circ}C$ and then fired at $750-800^{\circ}C\;in\;a\;0-20\%$ humidified $Ar-O_2$ atmosphere. We observed that $BaF_2$ phase was effectively reduced and that a sharp and strong biaxial texture formed under humidified atmosphere leading to increased critical properties. In addition, we found that the microstructure varied significantly with the firing temperature: the grain grew further, the film became denser, and the degree of texture and phase purity varied as the firing temperature increased. For the film fired at $775^{\circ}C$ after calcining at $460^{\circ}C$, the critical current was obtained to be 39 A/cm-width (corresponding critical current density is $2.0\;MA/cm^2$ which was probably attributed to such factors as the enhanced phase purity and out-of-plane texture, the moderate film density and grain size, and crack-free surface.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 1995

In an effort to increase the thermoelectric figure of merit by reducing the thermal conductivity, the unidirectionally solidified n-type (Bi, Pb)-Te based alloys which form a $Bi_{2}Te_{3}-PbBi_{4}Te_{7}$eutectic lamellar structure were investigated with the microstructural control at various solidification conditions. PbBi_{4}Te_{7}$ lamellae were grown on cleavage plane(0001) of $Bi_{2}Te_{3}$ and the interlamellar spacing decreased from 10.4 $\mu \textrm{m}$to 3.2$\mu \textrm{m}$ with growth velocity variation from 1.4 \times 10^{-4}$cm/sec to $8.3 \times 10^{-4}$cm/sec. Seebeck coefficient was constant, $\mid$$\alpha$$\mid$=29 $\mu$ V/K regardless of growth direction, growth velocity and temperature gradient. Electrical conductivity showed a tendency to decrease slightly with growth velocity and it parallel to growth direction was about three times as large as perpendicular direction. The figures of merit were varied differently from Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities depending on the growth direction, growth velocity and temperature gradients. They showed the relative increase in case of perpendicular direction compared with parallel to growth direction. It is believed to be due to the reduction of the thermal conductivity according to decrease of the interlamellar spacing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.389-398
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• 2002

As the necessity of land information has increased according to development of computer and Information-communication, people have been interested in the satellite measurement system that can update Cadastral and Geographical information rapidly and exactly. Most Cadastral base points which had limitation of measurement technology in the 1910s were less accurate and were destroyed through the Korean War. They also many problems in the process of reinstallation. So, they require the quick and correct method of measurement in re-equipment of a base point and a parcel based survey and so on. This study intends to present the GPS survey direction by understanding and analysing all sorts of problems rising in case of applying the GPS to cadastral area in order to increase the efficiency of the GPS measurement, and also develop the GPS kinematic survey program to apply to the efficiency of a kinematic survey. As a result of research, I could confirm the accuracy of Cadastral base points in Kwangju area by using Korea GPS array and a base point, and could get the result similar to existent cadastral survey result with the coordinate conversion program of Cadastral technology research institute. We however have to pay our attention to the transformation of the plane coordinates because the difference between tens of cm and the existing result can outbreak according to the Gauss conformal double projection method. And, I could figure out the practicality of the developed GPS kinematic survey program, compared with common use program. I expect that it can be applied to the digital cadastral survey and the cadastral map renewal as well.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2017

This paper deals with numerical analysis of behavior of curved mechanically stabilized earth(MSE) walls with geosynthetics reinforcement. Unlike typical concrete retaining walls, MSE wall enables securing stability of higher walls without being constrained by backfill height and is currently and widely used to create spaces for industrial and residential complexes. The design of MSE walls is carried out by checking external stability, similarly to the external checks of conventional retaining wall. In addition, internal stability check is mandatory. Typical stability check based on numerical analysis is done assuming 2-dimensional condition (plane strain condition). However, according to the former studies of 3-dimensional MSE wall, the most weakest part of a curved geosynthetic MSE wall is reported as the convex location, which is also identified from the studies of the laboratory model tests and field monitoring. In order to understand the behaviour of the convex location of the MSE wall, 2-dimensional analysis clearly reveals its limitation. Furthermore, laboratory model tests and field monitoring also have restriction in recognizing their behaviour and failure mechanism. In this study, 3-dimensional numerical analysis was performed to figure out the behaviour of the curved part of the geosynthetic reinforced wall, and the results of the straight-line and curved part in the numerical analysis were compared and analysed. In addition, the behaviour characteristics at each condition were compared by considering the overburden load and relative density of backfill.

• Plant Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.39-44
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• 2014

The gas turbine thermal efficiency has been predicted when the compressor pressure ratio increases from the previously set 13.5. Thermal efficiency has been predicted from 14.2 up to 18.2 at which the turbine work reaches its maximum value on the assumption that isentropic efficiency of the compressor and the turbine are constant using the operating data at the pressure ratio of 13.5. 35.11% of thermal efficiency has been acquired by the performance test when the pressure ratio increased to 16.2 since replacing the compressor low pressure stages. It's been approved that predicting thermal efficiency using the operating data at the pressure ratio of 13.5 is useful within 7.86% of tolerance as the figure measured by the performance test.

• Plant Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.48-59
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• 2014

Coupons which have same figure as weld joint of the forged steel valves and 1 inch nominal weld thickness were manufactured using ASTM A182 F92 material. After welding with GTAW method, the welded specimens have been post-weld heat treated at $705^{\circ}C$, $735^{\circ}C$, $750^{\circ}C$, $765^{\circ}C$, $795^{\circ}C$ and $825^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour per 1 inch nominal weld thickness each (Group 1) to evaluate characteristics of welds based on various holding temperature. Indeed, 3 welded specimens were post-weld heat treated for 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hour (Group 2) at $735^{\circ}C$ to evaluate characteristics of welds based on various holding time. Hardness values were measured at the weld metal, heat affected zone and base metal to observe hardness change depending on the condition. As a result of the evaluation, appropriate holding temperature for PWHT is proved as $750^{\circ}C$ and $765^{\circ}C$ for 1hour per 1 inch nominal weld thickness. Indeed, holding for 1 hour per 1 inch nominal weld thickness was insufficient for PWHT effect when the holding temperature was at $735^{\circ}C$. The microstructure of post-weld heat treated weld metal was determined as tempered-martensite structure.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.583-594
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• 2000

The Middle Carboniferous Yobong Formation with North-South trending is distributed in the Yeongheungri and Samokri of Yeongwoleup, Kangwon Province, Korea. A light gray thick and massive pure limestone is developed in the middle part of the Yobong Formation and it has been exploited for a long time. This study was carried out to investigate the lithological characteristics and geochemical compositions of the limestones and to figure out how geologic structures control the disribution of the limestones of the formation. The limestones of the Yobong formation are characterized by the fine and dense textures and the light gray to light brown in color. The limestones are composed of crinoid fragments, small foraminifers, fusulinids, gastropods, ostracods, etc. Based on the amount of grains and matrix, the Yobong Limestone can be classified as fine packstones and wackestones. The chemical analysis of limestones of the Yobong Formation was carried out to measure the contents of CaO, MgO, Al$_2$O$_3$, Fe$_2$O$_3$ and SiO$_2$. The content of CaO ranges from 48.12 to 59.31% and its average is about 54.52%. The average content of MgO is about 0.32% and the coutents of Al$_2$O$_3$, Fe$_2$O$_3$ and SiO$_2$ are relatively low. The amounts of Al$_2$O$_3$, Fe$_2$O$_3$ and SiO$_2$ of the limestones vary according to the kinds of limestone and their stratigraphical horizons in the formation. Generally, the CaO content of the limestones of the Yobong Formation decreases towards the top of the formation. Using geometric and structural analysis, we determined five progressively overprinted phases of deformation recorded in the study area. The anticline and syncline formed during the first and fourth deformation had controlled the distribution pattern of the Yobong Limestone of the Yobong Formation. The structures of deformation D$_1$ consist of F$_1$ isoclinal folds and foliations. The D$_2$ deformation had formed the isoclinal interstratal F$_2$ folds and axial plane cleavages which are locally developed within mudstones. The structural elements of deformation D$_3$ are axial plane cleavages associated with recumbent F$_3$ folds. These structures are overprinted by meso-scale and regional F$_4$ folds which are regionally dominant. Finally, the structures of D$_5$ consist of the thrust faults and folds associated with the thrust faults.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.32
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• pp.319-334
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• 2018

This research is a case study to make sure the enhancement of students' imagination and creativity through developing and applying the Literature-Art-Science Integrated Education Program. Its research object was totally 25 persons of 29 students of the 1st to the 4 th Grades from Gunsan Sulsan Elementary School. Its research period lasted for 4 months from September to December, 2017, and I, as the research place, used the art room at Gunsan Sulsan Elementary School. The programs were totally 10 sessions with a unit of 1 session per each grade for 2 hours from 1:00 to 3:00 in the afternoon from Monday through Friday. I fixed ten themes of this program-eight plane modeling, and two solid modeling, and finished the work of storytelling during summer vacation. And I arranged their levels as low:middle:high(3:5:2) ones. The former was 'A Film of Monster Gorilla'(L), 'Learning the Spirit of Gyeongju Choi's Family'(M), 'A Tale of My Friend Made of Natural Materials'(L), 'The Reading of My Dream'(M), 'Gathering the Objects in My Mobile'(M), 'A Mock Trial of Marrying Off'(M), 'Painting My Favorite Children's Poem'(H), and 'Painting My Favorite Children's Song'(H), and the latter was 'Seeking for a Bluebird in My Mind'(L), and 'Making My Cherished Object' (M). Then I used the unique art expression technique per each theme, which were in sequence marbling, Korean paper art, combine painting, collage, imaginary painting, imaginary painting, play dough art, imaginary painting techniques. And I delivered to the students the scientific knowledge in terms of growing or manufacturing processes of materials used for making artworks. Prior to and after the processing this program, I surveyed about the students' ability of integrated thinking and emotional experience by 'Figure B Type' and 'Figure A Type' of The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, and took statistics with the resultant data. And I executed a paired t-test in order to verify the significance of mean difference in the result of investigation with those data. From the analyzed result according to the elements of creativity and the mean quotients of creativity, there showed a significant difference (t=3.47, p<.01) in 'fluency', and also a significant difference(t=3.59, p<.01) in 'creativity.' Judging from the statistic values of two fields such as the student's ability of integrated thinking and emotional experience, I estimate that over the majority of the students showed the enhancement in self-confident creative expression as well as higher interest and concern through this program. The result that I arranged and analyzed the making process of artworks, the photos of the resultant, etc. as such is as follows : Firstly, from this program being proceeded as art-centered STEAM class, the student's systematic problem-solving ability was improved in his ability of integrated thinking to transform the literary contents into artistic one. Secondly, the student obtained the emotional experience such as interest in the class, self-confidence, intellectual satisfaction, self-fulfillment, etc. through art-centered STEAM class using ten art expression techniques. Thirdly, the student's mind willing to cooperate, communicate with his friends, and care for them was ripened in the process of problem-solving. Fourth, the student's self-confidence was further instilled when presenting famous artists and their artworks in the introduction and finale of ten art expression techniques. Likewise, the statistic values on the fields of student's ability of integrated thinking and emotional experience illustrate that over the majority of the students showed improvement in the ability of creative expression with confidence as well as higher interest and concern upon this program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.36
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• pp.183-203
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• 1998

The wave of Avant-garde swept away all in the unique social background so called 'October Revolution' and the early 1900 Russian society which was able to absorb and accept anything. The Russian avant-garde has been affected by the Cubism and the Futurism those had peculiarly appeared in the early twentieth century, spreaded out to three spheres: the Suprematism, the Rayonism and the Constructivism. The Russian Constructivism has appeared in this background, concretely and ideally ex-pressed the ideology of the revolution into the artistic form and made an huge influence to the whole Russian society. The Constructivist like Tatlin, naum Gabo, Pevaner, Rodchenko, Stepanova, Popova and Exter gave great effect on the Soviet Constructive fashion design in 1920's after the Revolution. The Soviet costume in 1920s hold in common the characteristicss of the Constructive graphic as it is, geometrical and abstractive form, energetic and motility. In fashion design, these graphic qualities have been showed as the application of geometrical form and architectural image, physical distortion and transformation. And in textile design, the simple, dynamical presentation has been appeared. We can classify the Soviet costume at this time into three occasions. The first term is from late 1910 th mid 1920, and it is altered from folk costume design to modern one. With Lamanova as the first on the list, using the folk mitif, the Constructive expression of simple form has been gradually revealed in design. Designers like Makarova, Pribylskaia and Mukhina produced the plane, simple chemise style with the decoration of the Russian traditional motif. From early to late 1920 is the second term, and it is at the pick of the most active processing of the Constructive design. Not only at the costume in daily life but also at the theatrical costume and textile, the con-structive design has been represented all avail-able fields. Many Constructivists including Stepanova, Popova, Exter and Rodchenko took part in the textile design and costume design so as to evlvo their aesthetic concept. The third term is from late 1920 to early 1930. The socialistic realism has dominated over the whole culture and art, the revolutionary dynamic motif has been presented also in textile design. The formative features of Soviet Constructive fashion design are; silhouette, from, motif, color and fabric. The first, the silhouette : a straight rectangular silhouetted has been expressed through the whole period and a volumed one with distorted human body shape has introduced in the theatrical costume design. The second, the form: many lengthened rectangular forms have been made at beginnings, but to the middle period, geometrical, architectural forms have been more showed and there are energy and movement in design. At the last period, only a partial feature-division has been seen. The third, the motif; no pattern or ethnic motif has been partly used at beginnings, a figure like circle, tri-angle has gradually appeared in textile design. At latter period, a real-existent motif like an airplane has been represented with graphing and simplicity. The fourth, the color ; because of insufficient dyeing, neutral color like black or grey color has been mainly covered, but after middle term, a primary color or pastel tone has been seen, contrast of the fabric; without much development of textile industry after the Revolution, thick and durable fabrics have been the main stream, but as time had going to the last period, fabrics such as linen, cotton, velvet and silk have been varously choesn. At the theatrical costume, new materials like plastics and metals that were able to accentuate the form. The pursuit of popularity, simplicity and functionalism that the basic concept of Constructive fashion is one of the "beauty" which has been searching in modern fashion. And now we can appreciate how innovative and epochal this Soviet Constructive fashion movement was.ement was.