• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.100-119
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• 2021

This paper has been written to verify the existing theory that districts occurred independently in various parts of the world, including the Korean Peninsula. Song Giho (2006) claims that the origin of the Gudle, is an example of polygenism that occurred in various areas in the world, including the Korean peninsula. This argument has been corroborated by a large number of researchers. However, it is difficult to understand the lineage of Gudle and its process of development, if a theory of polygenism is continued to be taken into account. The place which is targetet by this theory is the North-West area of the Korean peninsula, south of Primorsky Krai, and in the northern area of Zabaikal-Mongolia. This means that these areas developed independently because they were far from each other and had no direct cultural relationship. However, the structure of Gudle, shape, and assemblages of earthenware it cannot be explained by polygenism, as they are the same in every place. Furthermore, it is also questionable as to the timing and region of emergence of the culture in East Asia over a limited time frame of 3-2 BC. Gudle are formed by furnaces with roofs and walls, Gorae, which saves heat, and it has smoke ventilation that draws smoke out. Therefore, the Gudle is not a structure that anyone can make without advanced technical understanding. So far, the only facility with furnaces and smoke ventilation that appear before the Gudle is Buttumak. Thus, the Gudle is likely to have been invented in the place where Buttumak were used. The area as known for the origin of Gudle was observed to verify the existence of the Buttumak's structure, but none of these facilities were found. The Gudle suddenly appeared within a new culture that had never existed before. That means that none of the three places had the conditions under which the Gudle could be invented, so it must have been introduced from outside. In conclusion, the three places that I mentioned above are not the origin of Gudle. So, the origin of Gudle has to be found elsewhere.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1296-1304
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• 1999

본 논문은 다수의 고객들에게 실시간 재생 서비스를 제공하는 주문형 비디오 서버에서 데이타 검색의 효율을 높이기 위한 저장 시스템의 구조와 그에 따른 배치 정책을 제안한다. 주문형 비디오 저장 서버에서 동시에 보다 많은 고객들에게 그들이 원하는 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 여러 분야에서의 다양한 정책들이 고려될 수 있으나, 특히 저장 매체들을 어떤 구조로 구성하고 여기에 비디오 객체들을 어떻게 배치할 것인가는 검색 효율과 직접 관계되는 중요한 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 디스크 배열 형태로 구성된 저장 시스템을 디스크 성능을 고려하여 재구성하고, 비디오 객체들을 저장할 때 저장하고자 하는 데이타의 특성들과 저장 구조를 함께 고려하여 검색 효율을 극대화할 수 있는 배치 방법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 제안된 정책의 검색 효율을 검증하기 위해 다양한 실험을 통하여 기존의 배치 정책들과 비교하고 성능을 평가한다.Abstract In this paper, we propose the structure of storage system and a placement policy to provide many clients with real-time playback services efficiently in VOD(video-on-demand) server. Though policies in various areas being considered to provide more clients with services of degree requested by them simultaneously in VOD storage server, it is important how to construct storage media and to place video objects on it for retrieval efficiency. In this paper, we reorganize a large disk array with disks performance and place video objects using the placement policy considering both characteristics of video data and the structure of storage system for maximizing retrieval efficiency. Lastly, we simulate the proposed policy and conventional policies through various environments, compare our policy with others n evaluate the performance of our policy.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.622-660
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• 2004

Medical services aren't done by doctors only but by different medical personnels. If any medical accident takes place, to what extent doctors, nurses and other personnels should respectively be liable for that should be determined. And when an employed doctor does any illegal medical act, his or her employer also should be responsible for that as a user. If a medical accident occurs, the victim or patient usually claims against the employer of the doctor sho causes the accident for compensation. And those who assist medical treatment, including nurses, should be liable for their own acts, but in case their doctor doesn't give any appropriate directions, the doctor should shoulder the liability. This indicates that nurses are also professional medical personnels, and that they should share the liability as well. There are lots of different medical personnels, but doctors and nurses are the pivot of team treatment, and nurses should also take responsibility for their services. Doctors and nurses are equal, as they are in pursuit of the same, namely, helping patients recover their health. Only their roles are different. If they respect each other and see each other as being responsible for their own roles, they will be able to consult together. Medical information on patients and nursing information should be shared by both of them, and patients should be provided accurate treatment and nursing services. If those who offer nursing services are unaware of required information due to conflicts with doctors, it might result in threatening the safety of patients. And in case any important information isn't properly conveyed between them, it might trigger a medical accident. Sophisticated and complex medical science requires medical personnels to be professional, and nurses as well as doctors need to be an expert. The fact treatment-related accidents take place often indicates that treatment is basically attended with danger. Furthermore, patients respond to all sorts of investigation and medicine in a different manner. They should be professional and knowledgeable to predict how they might respond and prevent any possible hazardous situations, and they are expected to have more knowledge in the future. Nonetheless, there aren't yet enough studies on the legal liability of nurses, and this study is expected to pave the way for future research on nurse liability against medical accidents.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.618-629
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose an effective memory test environment, called a virtualized kernel, for 64bit multi-core computing environments. The term of effectiveness means that we can test all of the physical memory space, even the memory space occupied by the kernel itself, without rebooting. To obtain this capability, our virtualized kernel provides four mechanisms. The first is direct accessing to physical memory both in kernel and user mode, which allows applying various test patterns to any place of physical memory. The second is making kernel virtualized so that we can run two or more kernel image at the different location of physical memory. The third is isolating memory space used by different instances of virtualized kernel. The final is kernel hibernation, which enables the context switch between kernels. We have implemented the proposed virtualized kernel by modifying the latest Linux kernel 2.6.18 running on Intel Xeon system that has two 64bit dual-core CPUs with hyper-threading technology and 2GB main memory. Experimental results have shown that the two instances of virtualized kernel run at the different location of physical memory and the kernel hibernation works well as we have designed. As the results, the every place of physical memory can be tested without rebooting.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-96
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• 2015

This study investigates the history of economics for answering how the discipline originating from a sub-discipline of moral philosophy ended up being an amoral science. I show that economic theory, at its first stage of development, has retained a place in which morality could play a role within liberalist framework, but has removed the very place as it developed into its current image. I argue that it is the Walrasian paradigm that completed this amoralizing process in economics. One theoretical assumption of complete contract in the Walrasian paradigm, creates the institutional environment where economic agents are free from any moral consideration. I show that if the assumption is relaxed, the problem of economic agents' morality should reappear in the stage. Accepting the assumption of incomplete contract opens a way to restore the room for economic agents' moral considerations in economic discourses. Finally I breifly survey the recent discussions on the role of sympathy in economics.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Current study aimed at exploring the effects of ambient anger versus sadness on motive type and coping strategy type when consumers make decision. It focused on whether the negative affects of the anger and the sadness differentially induce approach versus avoidance motive at the place of making decision, and also explored the coping strategy differences between the consumers under the anger and those under the sadness, that is, which strategy is more used between problem-focused strategy and affect-focused strategy when they are under each negative affect. Research design, data and methodology: The experimental groups were divided into two types of group such as the anger-felt group and the sadness-felt group. The experiment was performed with the between-subjects design based on the anger and the sadness. Questionnaire data were collected from undergraduate students assigned to each of the anger group and the sadness group operated by the scenario method, and the data were used to verify research hypotheses by t-test. Results: - First, the anger induced the approach motive more rather than the avoidance motive in making decision. Second, to cope the negative affects, consumers under the anger used problem-focused strategy more than affect-focused strategy, while those under the sadness used affect-focused strategy more than problem-focused strategy. Therefore, this article contributes to the theory related to motive and making decision taken place to consumers under ambient negative emotions. Conclusions: Focusing on the results of this study, there could be managerial implications to brand or product marketing managers. Checking which affect consumers previously felt between anger and sadness when they are under negative affects is at issue to the brand or product marketers when they appeal their brand or product to the consumers. The marketers should build and communicate the messages about their product or brand in the respect of the points of showing problem solution or the best way to handle things to appeal the consumers under the anger. And they should develop and communicate the messages about their product or brand emphasizing the aspects of letting consumers' sad feelings out somehow or controlling their emotions to the consumers under sadness.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-114
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• 2003

This paper presents a feasible development on a highly accurate quick response adjustable speed drive implementation fur general purpose induction motor which operates on the basis of sensorless slip frequency type vector controlled sine-wave PWM inverter with an automatic tuning machine parameter estimation schemes. In the first place, the sensorless vector control theory on the three-phase voltage source-fed inverter induction motor drive system is developed in slip frequency based vector control principle. In particular, the essential procedure and considerations to measure and estimate the exact stator and rotor circuit parameters of general purpose induction motor are discussed under its operating conditions. The speed regulation characteristics of induction motor operated by the three-phase voltage-fed type current controlled PWM inverter using IGBT's is illustrated and evaluated fur machine parameter variations under the actual conditions of low frequency and high frequency operations for the load torque. In the second place, the variable speed induction motor drive system, employing sensorless vector control scheme which is based on three -phase high frequency carrier PWM inverter with automatic toning estimation schemes of the temperature -dependent and -independent machine circuit parameters, is practically implemented using DSP-based controller. Finally, the dynamic speed response performances for largely changed load torque disturbances as well as steady state speed vs. torque characteristics of this induction motor control implementation are illustrated and discussed from an experimental point of view.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

The 45-degree cone failure theory has been used in concrete anchor bolts design under shear loading, but the CCD (Concrete Capacity Design) method was adopted as a new design method since 2000. However, the method was allowed only for anchor diameters of less than 50mm because it is based on the experimental results of small size anchor bolts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rational concrete breakout capacity equation for medium-to-large size anchor bolts with large edge distance. In this study, shear tests on M56 cast-in-place single anchor bolt with edge distance of 350mm were performed using four test specimens. Based on the test results and findings of existing studies, a new equation for the breakout capacity of anchor bolts under shear loading with edge distance of up to 750mm was proposed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

This study analyzes various aspects of the Internet broadcasting that has rapidly increased in South Korea recently. Due to the development of technology, the Internet Broadcasting industry that ordinary viewers do the broadcasting themselves has appeared. Today, the most popular platform of the Internet broadcasting in South Korea is "Afreeca TV", which allows BJs do broadcasting in their channel with own contents. Related to current chaotic Korean society, Current Affairs/Politics becomes one of the new popular genres. Specifically, this study focuses on BJ Hammer Wife as a case study, who is famous in the Current Affairs/Politics industry. Then it examines what characteristics of her channel, her opinions, and the method of communication with common viewers implicate messages regarding the freedom of speech in South Korea. Throughout this, it explores that the Internet Broadcasting functions as a place for conspiracy or discussion, and discusses the blueprint of the Internet broadcasting.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-120
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• 2006

If the existence and effect of the arbitration agreement becomes an issue in international business transactions, it is the key point how we shall determine the applicable law by national rules for the conflict of laws, or by other methods. The argument in determination of the applicable law to the existence and effect of the arbitration agreement is related to regal nature of the arbitration agreement. As there are foreign factors in international arbitration, therefore we must consider such an aspect. Besides, we have to examine whether the general theory of contract is universally applicable to the arbitration agreement. Currently, it is the general trend that the party's autonomy principle is applicable in determining the applicable law for the arbitration agreement. However, it is a difficult problem to recognize the applicable law chosen by the parties, whether it is based on any regal standard(for example New York Convention or the private international law or the essential quality of the arbitration agreement). In the light of the actual transactions, when the parties don't make a choice of the applicable law expressly, it will finally come down to presuming the party's implied intent. Nevertheless, finding the implied intent is a difficult problem. Some argue that we shall presume the choice of applicable law by an objective standard such as a place of arbitration, to prevent too much expansion of the scope of the recognition. But we need to review that this interpretation harmonizes with the principle of party autonomy. Especially, if we desire to detect the vital point where it is most closely linked to the arbitration agreement, we have to inquire how we will decide such a relation by means of any standard. However, as the existing Arbitration Act doesn't offer the solution to these issues, therefore we have to settle these problems through the development of adjudications and theories.