• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.368-387
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• 2010

We propose a novel method for the registration of 3D CT scans to 2D endoscopic images during the image-guided medialization laryngoplasty. This study aims to allow the surgeon to find the precise configuration of the implant and place it into the desired location by employing accurate registration methods of the 3D CT data to intra-operative patient and interactive visualization tools for the registered images. In this study, the proposed registration methods enable the surgeon to compare the outcome of the procedure to the pre-planned shape by matching the vocal folds in the CT rendered images to the endoscopic images. The 3D image fusion provides an interactive and intuitive guidance for surgeon by visualizing a combined and correlated relationship of the multiple imaging modalities. The 3D Magic Lens helps to effectively visualize laryngeal anatomical structures by applying different transparencies and transfer functions to the region of interest. The preliminary results of the study demonstrated that the proposed method can be readily extended for image-guided surgery of real patients.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-49
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• 2012

Massive binary stars lose mass by two mechanisms: jet-driven mass loss during periods of active mass transfer and by wind-driven mass loss. Beta Lyrae is an eclipsing, semi-detached binary whose state of active mass transfer provides a unique opportunity to study how the evolution of binary systems is affected by jet-driven mass loss. Roche lobe overflow from the primary star feeds the thick accretion disk which almost completely obscures the mass-gaining star. A hot spot predicted to be on the edge of the accretion disk may be the source of beta Lyrae's bipolar outflows. I present results from spectropolarimetric data taken with the University of Wisconsin's Half-Wave Spectropolarimeter and the Flower and Cook Observatory's photoelastic modulating polarimeter instrument which have implications for our current understanding of the system's disk geometry. Using broadband polarimetric analysis, I derive new information about the structure of the disk and the presence and location of a hot spot. These results place constraints on the geometrical distribution of material in beta Lyrae and can help quantify the amount of mass lost from massive interacting binary systems during phases of mass transfer and jet-driven mass loss.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.861-863
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• 2005

LMP based congestion management method is suggested as an effective tool, because network congestion can be handled by energy price. It is now being widely used in the North American Electricity Markets. Among them, FGR(Flow-gate rights) is considered to be appropriate for our system, as power flow through the congested line is unidirectional and congestion occurs in the known place. In the CBP market, hedging through transmission right is not necessary even though location pricing system is adopted, because there are no risks in the energy price. Rut, transmission rights should be adopted in the advanced market. Key issue when implementing FGR is how to decide transmission right issuance quantify. This paper deals with a method to decide transmission right issuance quantity by using power. Transfer Distribution Factor(PTDF).

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.167-185
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• 2009

Reinforced concrete floors constructed between movement restraints often crack seriously due to shrinkage after completion. One common mitigation measure is to construct the concrete floors in stages to allow part of the shrinkage movement to take place before completion. However, shrinkage movement analysis of concrete floors constructed in stages is quite cumbersome, as the structural configuration changes during construction, thus necessitating reanalysis of the partially completed structure at each stage. Herein, a finite element method for shrinkage movement analysis of concrete floors constructed in stages is developed. It analyses the whole structure, including the completed and uncompleted portions, at all stages. The same mesh is used all the time and therefore re-meshing and location matching are no longer necessary. This is achieved by giving negligibly small stiffness to the uncompleted portions, which in reality do not exist yet. In the analysis, the locked-in strains due to increase in elastic modulus as the concrete hardens and the creep of the hardened concrete are taken into account. Most important of all, this method would enable fully automatic shrinkage movement analysis for the purpose of construction control.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.3 s.24
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• pp.7-22
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• 2000

As the educational function of Confucian school in the late Chosun dynasty had been declined, the other educational institution called YANGSAJAE was established. The founders of the institution was either local authorities or local Confucianists. Otherwise the institution was established by the cooperation of both local authorities and local Confucianists. YANGSAJAE began to be established from the 16th century. Most of them was founded in 1700s. In 1800s, it was not so difficult to see YANGSAJAE in many towns in Young nam and Honam provinces. The institution was located in separate places at the early stage of foundation. But since the middle of 1700s, the institution was located in or near the Confucian school. As a consequence, this influenced the location of Confucian schools in the late Chosun dynasty. In Youngnam province, the institution was mainly located near the Confucian school or in a separate place. On the contrary, most of the institution were constructed within Confucian school in Honam province. There were two types of the flat composition: one is based on hall and the other is based on room. The hall type, which had a hall in the middle and rooms in both sides, was general. The hall type usually had a size of 4-kan in width and 1.5-kan in length. The half-hipped roof was the general type and intimately related to the roof of Myung-Ryun Dang of local Confucian School.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

The sources and the frequency of disturbances and the responses of shorebirds to disturbances were studied at four roosting sites on Ganghwa Island and Yeongjong Island. The mean frequency of disturbance to roosting shorebirds was 2.7 per hour. Human activities contributed to the disturbance in 65% of all cases. Disturbance frequencies in saltpans were higher than those in the upper tidal zone, fishponds and salt marshes. Response patterns of shorebirds to disturbances were associated with the source of the disturbance. Disturbance caused shorebirds to change their behavior and to reduce roosting time at their roosting sites. Four patterns of responses by roosting shorebirds to disturbance were found, including: (1) leaving the roosts, (2) changing their location within the site, (3) leaving and returning, and (4) remaining in place. In the latter three response patterns, the birds tended to remain in their initial roosting sites, in contrast with the leaving pattern, which involved departing from the roosting area. Factors affecting these response patterns were time from high tide and time of day. When the time from high tide was greater, and the time of day was later, more birds stayed at the roost. The absence of sufficient alternative roosts in the study areas forced the birds to choose between tolerating the current disturbance, or moving to distant roosts.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-108
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze and to grasp Peter Calthorpe's urbanism through the process that is compared with various developments of urban design field for the preservation of global environment. From this study, Peter Calthorpe's urbanism for global environment is comprehended according to design stages. As a design goal, He seeks a green urbanism that puts emphasis on land use and transportation. As a urban planning, he devises urban footprint for the tool of evaluation and urban planning, and proposes five place types toward mixed-use development, and advocates Transect for eco-friendly land use. As a urban design, he devises urban network model for transportation network based on accessibility, and devises TOD and TOC model for preventing urban sprawl and mitigating carbon emissions, and advocates TND model for pedestrian-friendly space and community life. He makes importance of urban design. Because he thinks that integrative solution is required to global environment and urban design of integrative characteristic is suitable to preserve global environment. The results of this study are summarized as the followings: First, type classification of urbanism for the preservation of global environment and grasping purposes, methods, characteristics according to the types. Second, grasping characteristics and location of Peter Calthorpe's urbanism as a green urbanism. Third, proposing the direction of improvement for our urban planning and design.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.141-158
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity or effectiveness of the Arbitration Clause such as Model Clause I, and to confirm how other issues such as arbitrable "investment", appointment of arbitrators and law governing the agreement be reflected in the agreement. However, the parties should be sure that the arbitration clause is valid if they have checked whether, for their particular situation, the ICSID Centre has jurisdiction. For the validity of the Arbitration Clause, first the host country and the country which the investor belong to must be "contracting states" to the ICSID Convention. Second, the specific consent to arbitrate must be expressed in writing in the investment contract or in a national investment law or in an investment protection treaty. The issue of "nationality" of an other contracting state is determined by the place of incorporation or the location of the head office. In case the parties have doubts about a valid consent to arbitrate, Art. 41 of the ICSID Convention provides, regarding ICSID jurisdiction, that the tribunal shall be the judge of its own competence. It follows that ICSID Arbitration has an autonomous and exclusive character. As a consequence, domestic courts may not interfere with the question of ICSID's jurisdiction, which is called as "rule of abstention".

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.113-117
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• 2009

By statistics in August, 2007, currently Korean motors registration number broke through 16 million units. The demand of motors is being increased as time goes on and the demand of parking lot within apartment complex is increased together. Therefore, it is inevitable to expand underground parking lots. Underground parking lots have relatively weaker environment than the ground and physical/psychological problems as distance far away from the main building, fear for vehicle damage and crimes, impure air, darkness and closed feeling take place. Underground parking lots also occupy a lot of area ratio within apartment complex and have a lot of effects on other facilities. Therefore, underground parking lots are neglected for all that underground parking lots have deep relations with satisfaction for public space within apartment complex. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to make reference materials when underground parking lots are planned by grasping satisfaction of underground parking lots through inhabitants'mental survey and surveying preferential location and requirements of parking lots.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.953-964
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• 2010

In this study, we proposed duty executions to confine a robot in a specific place with multiple robots. The proposed method involved the use of a role classifier for assigning labor roles, behavior selector for each robot, and a collaboration manager for handling complex situations. Further, we verified the validity of the proposed method by performing simulations to confine a robot in the specific location by using multiple robots.