• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2009

간이상수도 시스템에서 공급하는 식수는 일정한 잔류 약품(염소)량을 유지해야 하기 때문에 물과 약품의 혼합방법은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 물과 약품의 혼합방법을 최적화하기 위하여, 4가지 모델에 대한 농도분포 및 혼합지수를 구하였다. 그중 2가지 모델에 대해서는 혼합효과가 높게 나타났다. 하나는 지하수 공급 파이프 중앙에 약품을 공급하는 모델이고, 또 다른 하나는 약품공급 파이프 하류에 반원형태의 블록을 설치한 모델이다. 이러한 모델들은 유동의 확산 및 교란을 야기시켜 혼합효과를 증가시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 이와 같은 수치해석 결과는 최적의 혼합효과를 얻기 위한 시스템을 설계하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1992년도 가을학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.61-64
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• 1992

Recently, by the lack of fill material, the dredg and fill(hydraulic fill) method is commonly used in reclamation projects. Hydraulic fill method dredges the soil and send it with water through the transportation pipe to the site. The intial state of the hydraulic fill material is accordingly the mixture of water and soil skeleton which settles with time forming a new soil layer. The properties of new soil layer is governed the size of the soil skeleton, the flow velocity of mixing water, salt concentration, the distance from the discharge pipe outlet, and other dredging conditions when settling process occur. In this study, the effects of gradation of derdged soil on the deposition properties (with emphasis on the optimum spacing of the discharge pipes) was investigated by field test. It was found that the soft fine graind soil was forme at 350m from the discharge pipe outlet when the dredged material was classified as CL, while the soft fine grained soil was not formed even at the distance farther than 400m from the diacharge pipe outlet when the dredged material was classified as SM.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1571-1581
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• 1998

A flow visualization study was carried out for the branch pipe mixing flow in which a jet was issued normally to the fully developed pipe flow. An instantaneous laser tomographic method was used for cross flow Reynolds numbers based on the cross flow diameter D ranged $Re_{cf}=5.26{\times}10^3{\sim}1.13{\times}10^4$, diameter ratios d/D = 0.1 ~ 0.2 and velocity ratios R = 0.5 ~ 10. Oil mist with the size of about $10{\mu}m$ diameter was used for the scattering particle. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the physical mechanism and the structure of vortices formation with varying the velocity ratios and diameter ratios in the branch pipe flow. It was found that the physical mechanism and the structures of vortices formation were quite different depending on the velocity ratios. Particularly in the case of R < 1, the typical vortex shows single loop shape and that for the case of R > 1 depicts mushroom-like structure in the cross flow jet.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.777-782
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• 2001

In this study, we used In-line orifice mixer for efficient chemicals mixing in water treatment. The method of using In-line orifice mixer has been already proved the improvement of water treatment efficiency. Numerical study was performed using FLUENT, a commercial code, to standard design and production of effective In-line orifice mixer. As variable for exactly standardizing, a proper ratio between an outer diameter of cone and a diameter of pipe, a distance between cone and orifice, a determination of orifice diameter for an optimal mixing, a distance between injection nozzle's position and cone, Numerical study has been performed for optimal standard and analyzed flow field on a basis of turbulent intensity in an orifice downstream.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.132-137
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• 2001

We used In-line orifice mixer for efficient chemicals mixing in water treatment. The method of using In-line orifice mixer has been already proved the improvement of water treatment efficiency. Code of computational fluid dynamics for numerical analysis was performed using FLUENT, a commercial code. As variable for exactly standardizing, a proper ratio between an outer diameter of deflector and a diameter of pipe, the distance between deflector and orifice, a determination of orifice diameter fur an optimal mixing, a distance between injection nozzle's position and cone, Numerical study has been performed for optimal standard and analyzed flow field on a basis of turbulent intensity in an orifice downstream.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.108-120
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• 1998

A theoretical study of three-dimensional unsteady compressible non-reacting flow inside double flow of monolith catalytic converter system attached to 6-cylinder engine was performed for the achievement of performance improvement, reduction of light-off time, and longer service life by improving the flow distribution of pulsating exhaust gases. The differences between unsteady and steady-state flow were evaluated through the numerical computations. To obtains the boundary conditions to a numerical analysis, one dimensional non-steady gas dynamic calculation was also performed by using the method of characteristics in intake and exhaust system. Studies indicate that unsteady representation is necessary because pulsation of gas velocity may affect gas flow uniformity within the monolith. The simulation results also show that the level of flow maldistribution in the monolith heavily depends on curvature and angles of separation streamline of mixing pipe that homogenizes the exhaust gas from individual cylinders. It is also found that on dual flow converter systems, there is severe interactions of each pulsating exhaust gas flow and the length of mixing pipe and junction geometry influence greatly on the degree of flow distribution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2021

The analysis of the fluid flow characteristics in reactor pressure vessel is an important part of the hydraulic design of nuclear power plant, which is related to the structure design of reactor internals, the flow distribution at core inlet and the safety of nuclear power plant. The flow distribution and mixing characteristics in the pressurized reactor vessel for the 1000MWe advanced pressurized water reactor is analyzed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method in this study. The geometry model of the full-scaled reactor vessel is built, which includes the cold and hot legs, downcomer, lower plenum, core, upper plenum, top plenum, and is verified with some parameters in DCD. Under normal condition, it is found that the flow skirt, core plate holes and outlet pipe cause pressure loss. The maximum and minimum flow coefficient is 1.028 and 0.961 respectively, and the standard deviation is 0.019. Compared with other reactor type, it shows relatively uniform of the flow distribution at the core inlet. The coolant mixing coefficient is investigated with adding additional variables, showing that mass transfer of coolant occurs near the interface. The coolant mainly distributes in the 90° area of the corresponding core inlet, and mixes at the interface with the coolant from the adjacent cold leg. 0.1% of corresponding coolant is still distributed at the inlet of the outer-ring components, indicating wide range of mixing coefficient distribution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2015

The effects of mixing vanes (MVs) attached to a grid spacer on the characteristics of air-water annular flows were experimentally investigated. To know the effects, a grid spacer with or without MV was inserted in a vertical circular pipe of 16-mm internal diameter. For three cases (i.e., no spacer, spacer without MV, and spacer with MV), the liquid film thickness, liquid entrainment fraction, and deposition rate were measured by the constant current method, single liquid film extraction method, and double liquid film extraction method, respectively. The MVs significantly promote the re-deposition of liquid droplets in the gas core flow into the liquid film on the channel walls. The deposition mass transfer coefficient is three times higher for the spacer with MV than for the spacer without MV, even for cases 0.3-m downstream from the spacer. The liquid film thickness becomes thicker upstream and downstream for the spacer with MV, compared with the thickness for the spacer without MV and for the case with no spacer.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2019

석탄 화력발전소 등의 대형 연소기기에서 질소산화물을 저감하기 위해 선택적 촉매환원 방법(SCR)의 탈질설비가 널리 쓰이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SCR 탈질설비에서 암모니아를 공급하는 암모니아 분사 그리드(AIG)에 있는 암모니아와 희석 공기 혼합기에서 암모니아와 희석 공기의 균일한 혼합에 적합한 최적의 혼합기 형상을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 전산유체해석을 통해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 기본 형상의 혼합기(Case 1)에서 유동 특성과 $NH_3$ 농도 분포 특성을 살펴보았다. 기본 형상의 혼합기에서는 희석 공기 주 배관에서 암모니아 주입 배관 입구 반대쪽의 벽면으로 $NH_3$ 분포가 치우치는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 개선하기 위해 암모니아 주입 배관의 상단 구멍 1 개와 측면 구멍 4개를 막은 경우(Case 2)와 암모니아 주입 배관의 상단에 수평 평판을 설치한 경우(Case 3), 수평 평판과 함께 원호 평판을 설치 한 경우(Case 4)의 혼합기 형상에 대하여 유동과 $NH_3$ 농도 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 암모니아 주입 배관 상단에 수평 평판과 원호 평판을 설치한 경우(Case 4)에 혼합기 출구에서 $NH_3$ 분포의 % RMS 값이 가장 작은 값인 4.92%이고 농도 비율($R_{NH3}$) 범위가 -10.82~8.34%로 가장 최적의 $NH_3$ 균일 분포임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2011년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.415-418
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• 2011

Thermal fatigue is one of the life-limiting damage mechanisms in the nuclear power plant conditions. The turbulent mixing of fluids of different temperatures induces rapid temperature changes to the pipe wall. The successive thermal transients cause varying cyclic thermal stresses. These cyclic thermal stresses cause fatigue crack nucleation and growth similar to the cyclic mechanical stresses. The aim of this study was to fulfil the need by developing an real crack manufacturing method, which would produce realistic cracks. The test material was austenitic STS 304, which is used as pipelines in the reactor coolant system of a nuclear power plants. In order to fabricate thermal fatigue crack similar to realistic crack, successive thermal transients were applied to the specimen. Thermal transient cycles were combined with heating (60sec) and cooling cycle (30sec). And, In order to identify ultrasonic characteristic, it was performed the ultrasonic reflection measuring method for the fabricated specimen. From the results of ultrasonic reflection measuring testing, it was conformed that A-scan results(average 83% of real crack depth) for the TFC reference specimen was more enhanced NDT reliability than results(average 38% of real crack depth) for the EDM notch reference specimen.