• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2001

천연성 항균 물질을 개발하기 위하여 소나무 에탄올 추출물 40mg/$m\ell$를 첨가한 TSB에서 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, Bacillus subtilis KCTC 1021, Bacillus megaterium KCTC 3007 그리고 Vibrio parahaemolticus ATCC 17802는 대조구에 비해 4에서 6 log cycle 그 성장이 억제되었으나 Saimonalla typhimurium ATCC 14028 와 Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 21541는 그 성장이 억제되지 않았다. 소나무 추출액의 식품 보존제로서의 이용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 각각 40mg/$m\ell$, 120mg/$m\ell$를 첨가하며 돈육 분쇄육 저장에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 소나무 추출액을 이용한 돈육 분쇄육 저장성 실험을 위해 pH, 총균수, 대장균수, 내냉성균수, gram 음성 균수를 측정하여 대조구와 비교하였다. pH 측정결과, 저장 20일에 대조구는 육의 부패 수준인 5.88로 육이 부패됨을 알 수 있었으나 소나무 에탄올 추출물 처리구의 pH는 거의 변화를 나타내지 않아 육의 부패를 지연시킴을 알 수 있었다. 총균수는 대조구에 비해 소나무 에탄올 추출액 첨가구에서 낮게 나타났으며 첨가 농도가 높을수록 균증식 억제효과도 크게 나타났다. 내냉성균수와 gram 음성 균수의 증식 억제도 뚜렷한 것으로 나타났다. 분쇄육에 여러 가지 재료를 혼합하여 햄버거 패티를 제조 후 소나무 에탄올 추출물 40mg/$m\ell$ 첨가구의 맛, 향, 종합적 기호성을 대조구와 비교한 결과 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않아 분쇄육 저장에 이용 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Objectives : We investigated the anti-aging effect on skin with the extract of the needles of red pine, Pinus densiflora. Methods : We measured various effects related to skin such as the anti-oxidant effect, the protection against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), the reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) synthesis and senescent cell. Results : The results were as follows : The extract of the needles of red pine (RP) had the potent anti-oxidant effect and the ROS scavenging effect. Also RP preserved the systemic anti-oxidant enzyme system (superoxide dismutase and catalase) from UVB irradiation. RP protected the cell membrane from the damages induced by UVB irradiation. RP induced HSP70, a mediator of resistance to UVB irradiation. RP reduced the synthesis of MMP-2 induced by UVB irradiation. And RP inhibited the amount of senescent-associated (SA) ${\beta}-galactosidase$ staining, as a marker of replicative senescence. Conclusions : The results of our study indicate that the extract of the needles of red pine, Pinus densiflora, has anti-aging effects on skin.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제10권1호통권22호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

In order to study the effects of Pinus densiflora on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, we divided the rats into groups(Normal group, Control group and Sample group) and perfomed the experimental research. Hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats were induced by high fat diets for 8weeks. The sample group was administerd the extract of Pinus densiflora for 14 days and control group was administerd equal dose of oral. And then we measured the amount of serum triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Free Fatty Acid, phospholipid, Insuline, Laptin, Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell, Cardiac Risk Factor(CRF). The results were as followers : 1. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Total cholesterol, Trigylceride, LDL-cholesterol, and Phospholipid levels in serum and CRF significantly. 2. Sample Group showed increasing effects on HDL-cholesterol level in serum significantly. 3. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Insuline in serum significantly. 4. Sample Group showed increasing effects on Laptin in serum significantly. 5. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell significantly. According to the above results, Pinus densiflora showed significant decreasing effects on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, it is considered that it is appropriate to apply for hyperlipidemia, obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.380-392
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• 2018

The importance of polysaccharides is increasing globally due to their role as a significant source of dietary prebiotics in the human diet. In the present study, in order to maximize the yield of crude polysaccharides from Pinus densiflora, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize a two-stage extraction process consisting of steam explosion and water extraction. Three independent main variables, namely, the severity factor (Ro) for the steam explosion process, the water extraction temperature ($^{\circ}C$), and the ratio of water to raw material (v/w), were studied with respect to prebiotic sugar content. A Box-Behnken design was created on the basis of the results of these single-factor tests. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation for multiple regression analysis and examined using the appropriate statistical methods. The data showed that both the severity factor (Ro) and the ratio of water to material (v/w) had significant effects on the prebiotic sugar content. The optimal conditions for the two-stage process were as follows: a severity factor (Ro) of 3.86, a water extraction temperature of $89.66^{\circ}C$, and a ratio of water to material (v/w) of 39.20. Under these conditions, the prebiotic sugar content in the extract was 332.45 mg/g.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.582-588
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• 2006

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the fermentation extract (PFE) and the 50 and 80% ethanol extracts (PE 50, PE 80) of Pinus densiflora pine needles were evaluated. Electron donating ability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) ability, and antimicrobial activity were observed in PFE; those abilities differed in PE 80 and PE 50, depending on the ethanol concentration used for the extraction. PFE had the highest electron donating ability with a value of 92.20%, while PE 80 and PE 50 had values of 74.66 and 53.47%, respectively. For SOD activity, PE 80 exhibited a slightly higher value of 31.11% compared to that of PFE and PE 50, which were 29.65 and 25.43%, respectively. PFE, PE 50, and PE 80 were all found to inhibit bacteria, and the effectiveness of this inhibition was strongly related to the type of extracts used. PFE showed good antimicrobial effects for all of the tested Gram-positive strains and for most of the tested Gram-negative strains. These results suggest that PFE has superior functionality compared to the ethanol extracts (PE 80, PE 50), in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. On the basis of these results, pine needle fermentation extracts can be used for industrial applications as a functional material.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pinus densiflora ethanol extracts (PDEE) treated with trypsine as a protease. Methods: Various antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH electron-donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of test material. To compare the antibacterial activity, paper disc diffusion assay was performed against two resident bacteria in human skin (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Results: As for the total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, and the electron-donating ability and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, both PDEE and trypsin-treated Pinus densiflora ethanol extract (T-PDEE) showed high antioxidant activity in dose-dependent manner. And the T-PDEE showed slightly higher activity than PDEE, which indicated protease treatment seemed to affect in antioxidant activity. In the result of paper disc diffusion assay, antibacterial activity was confirmed in all two types of skin resident bacteria. T-PDEE was more active than PDEE and it seems that treatment of protease may increase the antibacterial activity of PDEE. Conclusion: All of these results, we confirmed that treatment of protease to PDEE can increase the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it can be explained thought that this would be applicable as a cosmeceutical material in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.973-979
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• 2005

한국에서 자생하는 흑송의 솔잎을 재료로 하여 항당뇨효능에 대한 생리 활성을 규명하고자 STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 흰쥐 에 솔잎증류액을 15일간 복강투여 후 체중, 혈당, OGTT, 혈액성분에 미치는 영향 및 간과 췌장의 조직병리학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 솔잎 투여군의 체중은 솔잎투여 6일째에 잠시 체중의 상승이 나타났을 뿐 그 이후에는 DM군에서와 같이 체중의 증가를 보이지 않았다. 공복혈당은 DM군에 비해 솔잎투여군에서 용량효과적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 15일째에 HP군에서 NC군의 수준으로 근접하였다. 구강내당능 검사결과 혈당곡선은 DM군에 비해 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 솔잎투여군에서 투여용량에 따라 감소경향을 보였다. 간기능관련지수로서 혈장내 total protein, albumin, AST는 솔잎투여에 따른 변화가 없었고, ALP와 ALT는 솔잎투여군 모두에서 DM군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 신장기능 관련지수에서는 creatinine, uric acid, calcium, IP는 개선 경향이 관찰되지 않았으나, BUN에서는 DM과 비교시 솔잎투여군 모두에서 용량효과적으로 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 지질대사관련지수로서 total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C 농도는 모든 실험군간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간 조직과 췌장조직 병리학적 관찰결과 간조직의 경우 DM군과 솔잎투여군의 일부에서 염증세포의 침윤이 부분적으로 관찰되었고 췌도세포에서는 DM군은 췌장실질의 괴사, 출혈성 병변, 지방세포의 괴사가 관찰되었으나 솔잎투여군 모두에서 DM군에 비해 억제되는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 솔잎추출물 투여 에 의 괘 공복혈당이 낮아지고 당내성이 높아지는 경향을 보였고 간기능 지표 중 ALP와 ALT, 신장기능지표 중 BUN만이 솔잎 투여에 의한 개선효과를 나타내었으며, 혈중 지질 개선효과는 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the culture conditions of four ectomycorrhizal fungi, namely, Amanita spissacea NIFoS 2719, Pisolithus arhizus NIFoS 2784, Suillus spraguei NIFoS 2848, and Xanthoconium affine NIFoS 2716, in solid and liquid culture media. In addition, we attempted to induce in vitro mycorrhization of the fungi with Pinus densiflora. Prior to liquid culture, we determined the optimal culture conditions for each species in solid media. The results revealed that all species examined are capable of growth in potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA), and modified Melin-Norkran's medium (MMN), although their preferred growth media were different. Liquid culture experiments showed that inorganic nitrogen did not enhance the mycelial growth of all four species. Therefore, we used MMN-based liquid inocula to promote the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi in our symbiosis culture system. Mycorrhization was observed in Xanthoconium affine NIFoS 2716. Morphological analysis revealed that fungi-inoculated roots of P. densiflora form simple and dichotomous lateral roots with dense mycelia. In addition, inoculation with X. affine NIFoS 2716 promoted root and shoot developments.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

소나무 뿌리(동송근)로부터 phenolic compounds를 추출 후 미용식품활성을 검정하여 기능성 소재로 활용가능성을 살펴보았다. 동송근에 함유된 페놀성 물질의 tyrosinase 저해효과를 측정한 결과 $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics 농도에서 ethanol 추출물이 92%의 tyrosinase 저해효과를 나타내었다. Elastase와 collagenase 저해효과를 측정한 결과 $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics 농도에서 ethanol 추출물이 각각 61, 78%의 높은 저해력을 나타내어 주름개선효과가 높았다. 수렴효과는 $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics의 저농도 ethanol 추출물에서 82%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 염증억제효과를 나타내는 hyaluronidase 저해효과를 측정한 결과 $100-200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도의 ethanol 추출물에서 74-94%의 매우 높은 염증억제효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 동송근 추출물이 미용식품활성 또는 기능성 소재로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.866-869
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• 2006

감자 polyphenol oxidase에 대한 솔잎 추출물의 저해효과가 조사 되었다. 솔잎 추출물은 anti-browning agents인 potassium sorbate나 citric acid보다도 더 강한 저해효과 를 나타냈으며 pH 7.0-8.0 사이에서 가장 강력한 저해효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 반응시간이 증가 할수록 감자 polyphenol oxidase 활성은 현저하게 저해 되었으며 솔잎 추출물은 감자 polyphenol oxidase에 대해 비경쟁적인 저해를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 솔잎 추출물은 $100^{\circ}C$ 에서 10분간 열처리시에도 안정 하였으며 pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0에서 3시간 처리시에도 여전히 감자 polyphenol oxidase 에 대한 저해효과를 보유하고 있어서 산과, 열에 비교적 안정한 물질임을 알 수 있었다.