• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.417-440
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• 2024

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been the focus of several studies when it comes to evaluating the pile's bearing capacity. Nonetheless, the principal drawbacks of employing this method are the sluggish rate of convergence and the constraints of ANN in locating global minima. The current work aimed to build four ANN-based prediction models enhanced with methods from the black hole algorithm (BHA), league championship algorithm (LCA), shuffled complex evolution (SCE), and symbiotic organisms search (SOS) to estimate the carrying capacity of piles in cold climates. To provide the crucial dataset required to build the model, fifty-eight concrete pile experiments were conducted. The pile geometrical properties, internal friction angle 𝛗 shaft, internal friction angle 𝛗 tip, pile length, pile area, and vertical effective stress were established as the network inputs, and the BHA, LCA, SCE, and SOS-based ANN models were set up to provide the pile bearing capacity as the output. Following a sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal BHA, LCA, SCE, and SOS parameters and a train and test procedure to determine the optimal network architecture or the number of hidden nodes, the best prediction approach was selected. The outcomes show a good agreement between the measured bearing capabilities and the pile bearing capacities forecasted by SCE-MLP. The testing dataset's respective mean square error and coefficient of determination, which are 0.91846 and 391.1539, indicate that using the SCE-MLP approach as a practical, efficient, and highly reliable technique to forecast the pile's bearing capacity is advantageous.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권6C호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2011

소재의 고강도화와 항타에너지 상향 반영에 따른 강관말뚝의 거동특성을 분석하기 위하여 광양지역에 다양한 지름과 소재별로 총 10본의 말뚝을 시공하여 동재하시험, 정재하시험, 하중전이시험 등의 다양한 현장재하시험을 수행하였다. 항타관입성을 분석한 결과, PHC말뚝이 가장 많은 항타횟수와 가장 적은 관입깊이를 나타냈으며 고강도 강관말뚝에서 가장 적은 항타횟수와 깊은 관입깊이를 확인할 수 있어 고항타에너지에 의한 효과를 파악할 수 있었다. 동재하시험결과를 말뚝별로 비교한 결과, PHC말뚝과 일반 강관말뚝의 경우에는 재료의 허용축하중이 말뚝의 설계허용지지력을 결정하는 주요 변수인 것을 확인한 반면에 고강도 강관말뚝에서는 지반의 지지력에 의해 말뚝의 설계허용지지력이 결정되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 정재하시험과 하중전이시험을 고강도 강관말뚝 2본에 대해서 수행한 결과, 말뚝의 설계효율을 80% 이상의 수준으로 향상할 수 있는 방안을 도출할 수 있었으며 이를 통해 소요 말뚝 본수 절감을 통한 공사비 절감이 가능함을 확인하였다. 대상 지역에서의 주면마찰력 set-up효과를 분석하여 적정 회귀식을 제시하였고 선단지지력에 대해서는 기존 설계식의 한계를 분석하여 향후 기술개발 방향을 제시할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.349-356
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• 2010

In this study, a new design method of pile bent structure considering plastic hinge was proposed on the basis of the beam-column model. Based on the analysis results, it is found that the positioning of plastic hinge on the pile bent structure was influenced by nonlinear behavior of material and p-$\Delta$ effect. Moreover, concrete cracking began to occur at the joint section between the pile and column in case of pile bent structure with different cross-sections. The plastic hinge can be developed on the pile bent structure when large displacement was occurred, and pile bent structures can be maintained well only if it is developed on the column part. Therefore, in this study, the optimized cross-section ratio between column and pile was analyzed to induce the plastic hinge at the joint section between the pile and column. Based on this, the optimized diameter ratio of pile and column can be obtained below the inflection point of the bi-linear curve depending on the relations between column-pile diameter ratio($D_c/D_p$) and normalized lateral cracking load ratio($F/F_{Dc=Dp}$). And through this study, it is founded that in-depth limit($L_{As}$=0.4%) normalized by the pile length($L_P$) are proportionally decreased as the pile length($L_P/D_P$) increases up to $L_P/D_P$=17.5, and beyond that in-depth limit converges to a constant value. Finally, it is found that the proposed limit depth by taking into account the minimum concrete-steel ratio would be more economical design of the pile bent structure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.553-570
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• 2016

A series of three-dimensional (3D) parametric finite element analyses have been performed to study the influence of the relative locations of pile tips with regards to the tunnel position on the behaviour of single piles and pile groups to adjacent tunnelling in weathered soil. When the pile tips are inside the influence zone, which considers the relative pile tip location with respect to the tunnel position, tunnelling-induced pile head settlements are larger than those computed from the Greenfield condition. However, when the pile tips are outside the influence zone, a reverse trend is obtained. When the pile tips are inside the influence zone, the tunnelling-induced tensile pile forces mobilised, but when the pile tips are outside the influence zone, compressive pile forces are induced because of tunnelling, depending on the shear stress transfer mechanism at the pile-soil interface. For piles connected to a cap, tensile and compressive forces are mobilised at the top of the centre and side piles, respectively. It has been shown that the increases in the tunnelling-induced pile head settlements have resulted in reductions of the apparent factor of safety up to approximately 43% when the pile tips are inside the influence zone, therefore severely affecting the serviceability of the piles. The pile behaviour, when considering the location of the pile tips with regards to the tunnel, has been analysed in great detail by taking the tunnelling-induced pile head settlements, axial pile forces, apparent factor of safety of the piles and shear transfer mechanism into account.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2006

개선된 몬테칼로 코드 CEARPPU는 고계수율 상황에서의 펄스 중첩 보정 스펙트럼을 제공한다. 중성자 방사화 분석을 위하여 CEARPPU를 이용하여 보정된 스펙트럼으로 라이브러리 최소자승 동위원소 방사능 분석을 수행하여 보정하지 않은 스펙트럼을 이용하는 방법보다 우수한 결과를 얻었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2020

A technique for the reduction of pulse pile-up effect in digital pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) of neutrons and gamma-rays with organic scintillation detectors is presented. The technique is based on an electronic reduction of the effective decay-time constant of scintillation pulses while retaining the PSD information of the pulses. The experimental results obtained with a NE213 liquid scintillation detector in a mixed radiation field of neutrons and gamma-rays are presented, demonstrating a figure of merit (FOM) of 1.20 ± 0.05 with an energy threshold of 350 keVee (electron equivalent energy) when the effective length of the pulses is reduced to 50 ns.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1794-1799
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• 2008

The effect of misfit on the indentation behaviour of silver coated copper multilayer was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that the misfit bands on interface formed by the mismatch of lattice structure between copper and silver in slip direction [110] and the dislocation band width depended on the mismatched lattice constants of materials. More dislocations were created and glided by indentation, which created a "four-wing flower" structure consisting of pile. up of dislocation at the interface. The size of "flower" depended on the thickness of silver layer. The critical thickness for "flower" was approximately 4nm above which the "flower" disappeared. As the result, deformation mechanisms such as dislocation pile-up, dislocation cross-slip and movement of misfit dislocation were revealed. Only silver atoms in the dislocation pile-up were involved in the creation of the "flower" while the dislocations in copper were glided in slip direction on interface.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

Residual stress is the key parameter for reliability and lifetime assessment because it can reduce the fatigue strength and fracture properties of industrial structures. Recently, instrumented indentation testing (IIT) has been widely used for evaluating it, since it does not need specific specimen and time-consuming procedure. However, conventional Oliver-Pharr method, which is used for calibrating contact depth to analyze indentation load-depth curve, cannot estimate plastic pile-up between indenter and surface of specimen. Here, we introduce f parameter which is the ratio of contact depth and maximum depth, to consider pile-up height. And, its application for evaluating residual stress of weldment is introduced.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1999

천공굴착을 선행하게 되는 배토형 auger-cast 말뚝의 경우, 굴착 및 지반교란에 의한 횡방향응력의 감소로 인하여 주면마찰력이 타입식 말뚝에 비해 작게 발휘되는 것이 일반적이다. 이러한 auger-cast말뚝의 주면마찰력을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 팽창제의 사용과 가압주입의 적용효과를 고찰하고자 다짐 조성된 화강풍화토 지반에서의 팽창성 몰탈을 사용한 auger-cast 모형말뚝의 실내실첩을 실시하였다. 모형말뚝은 팽창제의 양과 주입방법, 그리고 토조가압의 조건들을 변화시키면서 모형토조안에 제작되었다. 실험결과 팽창제의 사용이 증가함에 따라 말뚝의 주면마찰력이 점점 증가하는 경향으로 나타났으며, 이러한 증가의 폭은 가압주입이 적용되었을 때 더 뚜렷하게 발생하였다. 일반 몰탈을 가압 없이 주입하여 시공한 말뚝의 주면마찰력과 비교하여, 가압주입 없이 팽창제만 사용된 경우, 그리고 팽창제와 가압주입이 병행되어 사용되어진 경우 각각 2%, 그리고 56%까지 주면마찰력이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.259-276
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• 2024

The undrained shear strength is widely acknowledged as a fundamental mechanical property of soil and is considered a critical engineering parameter. In recent years, researchers have employed various methodologies to evaluate the shear strength of soil under undrained conditions. These methods encompass both numerical analyses and empirical techniques, such as the cone penetration test (CPT), to gain insights into the properties and behavior of soil. However, several of these methods rely on correlation assumptions, which can lead to inconsistent accuracy and precision. The study involved the development of innovative methods using extreme gradient boosting (XGB) to predict the pile set-up component "A" based on two distinct data sets. The first data set includes average modified cone point bearing capacity (q_t), average wall friction (f_s), and effective vertical stress (σ_vo), while the second data set comprises plasticity index (PI), soil undrained shear cohesion (S_u), and the over consolidation ratio (OCR). These data sets were utilized to develop XGBoost-based methods for predicting the pile set-up component "A". To optimize the internal hyperparameters of the XGBoost model, four optimization algorithms were employed: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Social Spider Optimization (SSO), Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), and Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm (SCOA). The results from the first data set indicate that the XGBoost model optimized using the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (XGB - AOA) achieved the highest accuracy, with R2 values of 0.9962 for the training part and 0.9807 for the testing part. The performance of the developed models was further evaluated using the RMSE, MAE, and VAF indices. The results revealed that the XGBoost model optimized using XGBoost - AOA outperformed other models in terms of accuracy, with RMSE, MAE, and VAF values of 0.0078, 0.0015, and 99.6189 for the training part and 0.0141, 0.0112, and 98.0394 for the testing part, respectively. These findings suggest that XGBoost - AOA is the most accurate model for predicting the pile set-up component.