• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.7-33
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• 2012

The memory of the Korean War is about the time period when people lived toughly during evacuation, due to being exposed to the natural climate such as intense cold or heat without any protection, leaving their comfortable home and living in temporary built shelters which were barely enough to avoid the wind. 'Death is concealed and only the figures of evacuation for survival were expressed, just as how the government ordered. Since the experience of the battlefield is personal and fragmentary, that is broken into pieces, it does not have compatibility. As war is a distorted experience that cannot be placed in a big picture, it is not possible to take a view of the war's big picture. Having this individualized experience as a common collective memory is an issue and it is the will that people tries to pursue. The reason why the evacuees from north to south, and as well as from the south to further south were all able to be adopted as the theme of artworks due to the military action that emptied the occupied territories of the North Korean Army under the forced removal command. In such situations, the natural state of the 'snow' was like a symbol of the 1.4 Recession. The group of people who were thrown into the intense cold displaced the war damage of loosing their base livelihood, and symbolized the obedient citizens who faithfully follow their government's command. The figure of advocating anti-communism is projected as a figure of a refugee during cold winter-time and it contains ones past which he or she obeyed its own country's commands. Evacuation, especially the evacuation during the winter is a visual device that can confirm these kinds of country's command. The consequences were same for the artists as well. Therefore, the situation being communal could be found due to the individual experiences during war are ideological. The image of the refuge shown in the picture played the role of strengthening the consciousness of defecting to South Korea into the meaning of the 'Finding Freedom.' I would like to express that the reason of them leave their home during the harsh winter is in order to avoid the oppression of the Communist Party. The evacuation that people went through was not to 'Finding Freedom', but 'To Survive'. Later, this evacuation has been imprinted as a behavior of choosing free Republic of Korea, which was an ideological issue. Anti-communism was the rule of survival in South Korea society, and people have the tendency to remember what they want to remember. As it is not the people who possesses an incident, but the memory that possesses ones, people cover their memory with disguised plots in order to forget the violence and to live a different prologue. They share the incident of violence as a hurtful memory. The tragedy of the Korean War was the result of Ideology and being in between the powerful nations' rights, but the violence during the war has been depicted as a natural disaster, which was the evacuation in heavy snow.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.77-91
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• 2001

Backgrounds and purpose : The acupuncture of oriental medicine is very important in treatments. Until now it was been researched according to the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. Acupuncture will show more objective index to observe the meridian. And then, I studied the effects on the thermal change of the Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) following acupuncture stimulation. Objective and Methods : This study was performed from December 1999 to February 2000 on 60 healthy students. The objective was divided into two groups, those are the control group A(N=30) that no acupuncture stimulation, the group B(N=30) of acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$). First, in the control group A, I took a picture Taeyon($L_9$) Chungbu($L_1$) Taenung($P_7$) Chondol($CV_{22}$) area for 30 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(D.I.T.l.) and did same area, 10min after. Second, in the acupuncture stimulation group B, we took a picture Taeyon($L_9$) Chungbu($L_1$) Taenung($P_7$) Chondol($CV_{22}$) area for 30 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Th - ermograph Imaging(D.I.T.I.), and then stimulate acupuncture on Taeyon($L_9$) and took a picture same area, 10min after. Results : 1. In healthy men, average skin temperture on Taeyon($L_9$) area was lower than Chungbu($L_1$) area about $3.0^{\circ}C$, in the Lt. Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) area was lower than Rt. Taeyon($L_9$) and Chungbu($L_1$) area. 2. In the acupuncture stimulation group B, the skin temperature of both side Taeyon($L_9$) area showed the increase or decrease significantly. But both Taenung($P_7$) area did not showed significantly. 3. In the acupuncture stimulation group B, the skin temperature of both side Chungbu($L_1$) area showed the increase or decrease significantly. But both Chondol($CV_{22}$) area did not showed significantly. 4. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Lung Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group on Taeyon($L_9$) different from other Meridian with significantly change. Conclusion : The acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$) affected the thermal change of the area which is a meridian point, in the Lung Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and meridian point. Thus, continuous thermographic study will be needed for the existence of the meridian and meridian point.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.83-91
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• 2019

Purpose - Media is a significant distributional channel in sport. In terms of determining the influencer in building sport media contents, recent sport media studies have employed agenda-setting theory, assuming media itself as the agenda provider. In a real-world situation, however, sports stars have been deemed key factor determining distribution contents in sport. The starting point of this study is the "tacit premise" of agenda-setting theory. Given the agenda-setting theory, the current study attempted to explore the function of sport stars as an agenda provider, which is a key determinant of sport distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has reviewed articles of Yuna Kim, Sang-hwa Lee, and Hyun-jin Ryu from daily newspapers including as dong-a ilbo and joongang ilbo (2013 to 2017). The study collected data, portable document format (PDF), from the online archive of dong-a ilbo and joongang ilbo. We coded the length of the article, the frequency, the size of the picture, and the structural form of the article. Inter-coder reliability was compared with data previously investigated by the researcher. Inter-coder reliabilities for study 1 and 2 was .89 and .85. To examine hypotheses, descriptive analysis, correlations, and cross-tap analysis were performed. Results - The results partially supported the hypotheses proposing the significant role of sports stars as the agenda setters in distributing sport media contents. In specific, the study found that the number of articles about sports stars prevailed the number of articles about regular athletes. Besides, studies found that the use of photos was more frequent in articles of sports starts than that of regular athletes. In sports newspaper articles, featured story articles were used more than straight-articles for news relating to sports stars. Also, sports newspaper of sports stars contained more information associated within an event rather than outside of an event. Conclusions - In sports journalism, this study challenges the current theory that the media affects the composition and the content of sports coverages. As the principle of the agenda-setting of sports media, the influence of sports stars must be continuously studied along with a follow-up study.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

For the purpose of searching examination in the connection with clinical medicine and the basic theory of Korean Medicine, we comparatively studied on the physiological system of Hyun-Gok (1912~1987) and the Hyunsang system of Ji-San (1927~2000). The results are as follows. The metabolism of Yin and Yang is connected 'Gallbladder (膽)'-'Bladder (膀胱)' and Man (男), Woman (女), Old aged (老), Young child (小) style. Man and Woman are divided in the body form chacteristic not by the sex. 'Gallbladder (膽)'-'Bladder (膀胱)' style are divided in the body form chacteristic by the terms of Yin (陰) and Yang (陽). 'Gallbladder (膽)' style represents excessive Yang and deficient Yin, 'Bladder (膀胱)' style represents excessive Yin and deficient Yang. The four composition factor of the body is connected Material basis (精) type, Vital energy (氣) type, Mental faculties (神) type and Blood (血) type. In the diagnosis of body form on the Hyungsang Medicine, there are several types of body shape and categories of people. The Material basis (精) type, Vital energy (氣) type, Mental faculties (神) type and Blood (血) type are classified by the four composition factor of the body. The structural-mechanics organization of five Internal Organs (臟) is connected five Internal Organs (臟) types and the running-animal (走), bird (鳥), fish (魚), turtle (甲) types in the Hyunsang system. The five Internal Organs (臟) types are percived on the ears, eyes, nose, mouth and facial complexion. And the running-animal, bird, fish, turtle types are accorded to the individual personalities and the most-developed part in the body trunk by the Organ picture (藏象) theory. The six atmospheric influences (六氣) is connected the six Kyung types (六經形). The six Kyung types are regulated by the shape of eyes and nose representing for the relation of Vital energy (氣) and Blood (血). By the comparative study on the physiological system of Hyun-Gok and the Hyunsang system of Ji-San, we can search the connection with clinical medicine and the basic theory of Korean Medicine.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.497-511
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• 2013

This study aimed to examine Korean men's experiences of work-family balance in dual income families with children under six years of age. We focused on identifying the difficulty of balancing work and family considering their individual, social, and cultural conditions. The method was a qualitative study involving two in-depth interviews with each of 12 men, and analyzing the data through the grounded theory approach. From the results, a model of men's work-family experience was constructed. It demonstrates the central phenomena (difficulties of balancing), the causal conditions (lacking time for family, seeking support from the employer, and learning husband's roles insufficiently), the contextual conditions (remaining paternalism and changing husband's roles), the intervening conditions (workplace, childcare support, and wife characteristics), and strategies (help from relatives, utilizing daycare centers, controlling birth, managing work conditions, and using family polices). We clarify the overall picture of working and family life experiences, and also show how men deal with their problems in their circumstances by balancing working and family life. In conclusion, males have difficulty participating in family life autonomously because of having less decision-making power than the wife. Moreover, the great responsibilities of the breadwinner disturb the work-family balance. Men devote themselves to working to hold a job instead of spending time with their family. However, they ultimately value work-family balance with respect to 'keeping a peaceful family life'.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.431-444
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• 2008

Today people obtain much information about appearances through movies. The stars' body images in movies have been created through total fashion as they play the roles of an ideal model to create actual body images. This study examined the relations between the body images in the film media in terms of appearances or total fashion and actual body images based on the simulation theory by Jean Baudrillard. It conducted a literature study by collecting and analyzing film media-related picture images from books, papers, periodicals and the Internet home and abroad. The research scope was limited to the stars who made appearances in movies and the ones who starred in movies in addition to their other lines of work. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn; the stars' body images went hyperreal between their actual body images and the ones of their roles in movies and then were simulated in fashion. To be specific, 1. the stars' actual body images went hyperreal and were simulated in fashion in the following cases; 1) the stars in the heyday of film; 2) fashionistas; and 3) pictures taken by paparazzi. 2. The body images of their roles went hyperreal in the following cases; 1) through brand participation; 2) through changed body images; and 3) through cyber body images. Their body images became hyperreal and were simulated in fashion by the input of fashion designers and the techniques of other areas. The body images in film are the object of desire to the audience. They go hyperreal and become the ideal body image to real people. The various kinds of hyperreal images in the film media create new beauty as a reference and object of comparison for people to change their body images in reality.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.161-183
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• 2017

This paper investigates the damage identification of the concrete pile element through axial wave propagation technique using computational and experimental studies. Now-a-days, concrete pile foundations are often common in all engineering structures and their safety is significant for preventing the failure. Damage detection and estimation in a sub-structure is challenging as the visual picture of the sub-structure and its condition is not well known and the state of the structure or foundation can be inferred only through its static and dynamic response. The concept of wave propagation involves dynamic impedance and whenever a wave encounters a changing impedance (due to loss of stiffness), a reflecting wave is generated with the total strain energy forked as reflected as well as refracted portions. Among many frequency domain methods, the Spectral Finite Element method (SFEM) has been found suitable for analysis of wave propagation in real engineering structures as the formulation is based on dynamic equilibrium under harmonic steady state excitation. The feasibility of the axial wave propagation technique is studied through numerical simulations using Elementary rod theory and higher order Love rod theory under SFEM and ABAQUS dynamic explicit analysis with experimental validation exercise. Towards simulating the damage scenario in a pile element, dis-continuity (impedance mismatch) is induced by varying its cross-sectional area along its length. Both experimental and computational investigations are performed under pulse-echo and pitch-catch configuration methods. Analytical and experimental results are in good agreement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.61-71
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• 2015

Developing cultural contents in cultural creativity industry is very practical process recently. Research about Jeju's legend and myth should be the basic theory for cultural contents development based on local cultures. Jeju Naewotdang Musindo 10 gods paintings are unique colored pictures, appointed as Jeju folklore material No.7 and national important folklore material No. 240. Jeju-Do is remained the springhead of absorbed into unique culture for a long time because of Jeju's geographical environment condition. Jeju Musindo could be related with the symbol of Jeju's myth images and the springhead of emotions of our typical country people. It would be analysed by Wucius Wong's design style theory for approaching visual image and symbolic meaning. This research about Jeju Naewotdang Musindo 10 gods paintings could provide design analysis methodology for further theoretical studies about Jeju's legend and myth for Jeju's unique cultural contents.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.2
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• pp.193-221
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• 2000

The postmodern culture since the later 20C breaks downa tradition a relation between the reality and languages or sign images expressing it. It develops in the way to review the meaning on the object's imitation or the representation to have been followed since Plato and represent the new state and concept of expressed things. Also, The visual art leads an change of paradigm by images giving up the visual resemblance or the function of representation and endowing them with the new sense. This essay has a purpose to study an important discussion about this change centered on Baudrillard and Lacan. A sociologist Baudrillard promotes the concept of 'simulation' through detecting the reality and the social and historical state of the image. Studying on the course of this change, he calls the step that the image escapes from the stage to reflect the reality and become the pure imitation by itself simulation. The image in the stage of simulation is called 'hyperreality' because it doesn't have any an indicator or a substitute and happens by models without the original or the reality. So he asserts that art is not to contain some absoluteness or transcendency as the past, but to be as the spectacle with characteristics of meaningless, emptiness, contingency. Lacan dismantles the concept of the absolute Cogito to have become the center of the western ideology, and creates the concept of 'Other'. He concludes also the reality exists but can't be captured, and it's impossible for the thinking subject can reach it. The concept of new image which can be thought as the Symbolic in Lacan is 'Signifier without Signified' since it isn't possible to be the transcendent Signifier fixing the meaning finally in it. His 'Gaze' theory is which to be emitted in other's area determines the subject. Equally Baudrillard and Lacan sets up the new state of the image through the end of representation system As for Baudrillard, art intends to the worthlessness and is nothing but imagination. But in Lacan a picture represents the subject being in process by the dialectic of desire.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.193-208
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to look into Korean film criticism that started during Japanese occupation. It's specifically attempted to shed light on the development and significance of Joseon film criticism and on film movement theory as part of the history of Korean early modern film criticism. When kino-drama that could be called the start of Joseon movies was popular, enlightenment-based view of movie was rampant due to the inflow of western civilization and modernistic consciousness. Afterwards, the nature of movie itself drew a lot of attention from contemporary people in the silent picture days, and there appeared a critical trend in pursuit of artistry. Diverse criteria of criticism about reality and representation were presented, and a lot of disputes were eventually stirred up. Thus, criticism started to make a progress. A proletarian film movement theory, the so-called KAPF film campaign that was prevalent from the mid-1920s to the mid-1930s, was one of leading contemporary movie theories and took the lead in critic community. That had a great impact on the entire Joseon film circles. That took a proletarian view of movie, which was based on Bolshevik theory of Popularization and dialectic historical materialism. their criticism made a contribution to providing information on foreign movies and theories and to presenting main principles and multiple alternatives toward film organization and playing.