• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2006

We previously found that cobrotoxin inhibited $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity by reacting with signal molecules of $NF-{\kappa}B$ which is critical contributor in cancer cell growth by induction of apoptotic cell death. We here investigated whether cobrotoxin inhibits cell growth of human prostate cancer cells through induction of apoptotic cell death, which is related with the suppression of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Cobrotoxin $(0{\sim}8\;nM)$ inhibited prostate cancer cell growth through increased apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Cobrotoxin inhibited DNA binding activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$, an anti-apoptotic transcriptional factor. Consistent with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$, cobrotoxin increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase 3. Cobrotoxin, a venom of Vipera lebetina turanica, is a group of basicpeptides composed of 233 amino acids with six disulfide bonds formed by twelve cysteins. NF-kB is activated by subsequent release of inhibitory IkB and translocation of p50. Since sulfhydryl group is present in kinase domain of p50 subunit of NF-kB, cobrotoxin could modify NF-kB activity by protein-protein interaction. And Cobrotoxin down regulated Akt signals. Salicylic acid as a reducing agent of Sulf-hydryl group and LY294002 as a Akt inhibitor abrogated cobrotoxin-induced cell growth and DNA binding activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$. These findings suggest that nano to pico molar range of cobrotoxin could inhibit prostate cancer cell growth, and the effect may be related with the induction of apoptotic cell death through Akt dependent inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ signal.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.6A
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• pp.351-360
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• 2003

To provide good-quality services of multimedia in wireless mobile networks, QoS for multimedia traffic should be guaranteed. However, since the existing QoS guaranteed schemes are designed for fixed networks, they are inadequate in the wireless network environments. Recently, as the size of cells like micro cell or pico cell becomes smaller. Mobile hosts on micro cellular networks, change their location frequently. It causes many drawbacks such as delayed delivery, packet losses and signaling overheads. Because the existing schemes supporting interoperability between RSVP and Mobile If are designed for macro cell environments. Their uses in micro cellular networks can be restricted. In this paper, we propose the CRSVP(Cellular RSVP Protocol) which supports QoS in micro cellular network environments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1519-1523
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose the fast and secure binding update protocol as handoff or handover in the micro and pico environment based on mobile IPv6. The nodes or routers on participating in this protocol generate their addresses from cryptographically generated addresses (CGAs) method unlike previous address generation method. The mobile node (MN) includes in home network or home link has limited power and computational abilities. So the home agent (HA) of the MN executes key agreement protocol with the correspondent node (CN) on behalf of the MN. The CN then creates a ticket on including session key, lifetime of ticket. and so on. It then transmits it to the MN via the HA of the MN. The ticket is used to communicate directly between the MN and its CN. In performance analysis, we analyze security of proposed binding update protocol under various attack scenarios and efficiency by comparing proposed protocol with prior binding update protocols. Finally we make a conclusion of this paper and present future works.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2005

In order to grasp the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton communities, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and cell abundance were measured at 20 stations during the period from August 9 to August 21, 2003 in the southeastern Barents Sea on surface and subsurface chlorophyll maximum depth (SCM). Surface temperatures were varied from minimum $-0.7^{\circ}C(st. 18)$ to maximum $10.4^{\circ}C(st.1)$. Salinities were varied from minimum 29.9 psu(st. 18) to maximum 35.8 psu(st.2). The maximum nutrient(phosphate, nitrate, silicate) concentrations were $0.12{\mu}M,\;0.11{\mu}M,\;7.53{\mu}M$ and minimum concentrations were $0.01{\mu}M,\;0.03{\mu}M,\;1.43{\mu}M$, respectively. On SCM physical environmental factor were almost similar. Chl-a concentrations ranged from 0.23 to $2.13{\mu}g\;chi-a\;l^{-1}$ at SCM. Nano- and pico phytoplankton were the important contributors for increase of the Chl-a. It was about seven times difference between highest concentration to lowest. Phytoplankton communities were composed of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptophyceae, silicoflagellate, and prymnesiophyceae showing 37 taxa at surface and 38 taxa at SCM. Picophytoplankton was the most dominant in all stations and all layers, but the second groups were 2 and/or 3 taxa. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from minimum $4.3{\times}10^5\;cells\;l^{-1}$ (st. 20) to maximum $2.4{\times}10^6\;cells\;l^{\-1}$. (st. 17) at surface water. As a result, phytoplankton might be controlled by physical factors such as North Atlantic ocean currents and northern melt water among environmental factors in Barents Set h addition the dominant species were nano- and pico phytoplankton such as Phaeocystis, Cryptomonas and Dinobryon in the study area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.243-245
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• 1998

미래의 셀룰라 이동통신망은 멀티미디어 데이터 서빗를 제공하기 위해서 높은 대역폭이 필요하기 때문에 셀의 크기가 수십 미터 내오인 피코 실(pico cell)로 구성되는 피코 셀 망이 될 것이다. 이와 같은 피코 셀룰라 망에서는 이동통신자의 우치 변화에 따른 handoff 처리 회수가 상대적으로 증가하므로, handoff 처리로 인한 망부하가 늘어났고, handoff처리 지연으로 인하여 사용자는 중단없는 연결서비스 (seamless connection service)를 받지 못할 수도 있다. 본 논문은 VT-CSMA방식을 응용한 기법을 새로운 handoff방식으로 제안한다. 이 기법은 handoff에서 사용하고 delay time virtual clock 과 real clock 의 2개의 clock을 갖도록 함으로써, 빠른 속도로 이동하는 호는 느린 속도로 이동하는 호보다 상대적으로 짧은 시간 내에 handoff가 처리 되도록 한다. 모의 실험 결과는 VT-CSMA기법을 응용한 새로운 방식이 기존 CDMA 방식에서 drop되는 호를 많이 줄이는 효과가 있음을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1334-1340
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• 2003

In this paper, We have proposed an Heterodyne technique to generate millimeter-wave signal. Microwave signals in cellular broadband mobile communication networks and distributed networks can favorably be generated and distributed by optical techniques. In principle, these techniques have already been investigated for optical control of phase- array antennas, characterization of photo-detector and phase locking of millimeter-wave oscillators and now being applied to wireless communications. The generation and transmission of millimeter-wave radio signals by optical means is of interest for future pico-cell broadband mobile communication system, especially for systems operating at frequencies of 300Hz.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.54-58
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• 2000

멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 피코셀(Pico-cell)환경의 IMT-2000(International mobile Telecommunication-2000) 이동통신망 구조를 살펴보면, 셀의 크기가 작기 때문에 이동체의 셀간 이동이 상대적으로 증가해서 잦은 핸드오프 처리로 서비스 중단이 빈번히 발생할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 자원의 낭비도 많아지게 된다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 셀 간 이동체에 대하여 중단 없는 서비스를 제공하고 멀티미디어 서비스를 효율적으로 채공하기 위하여 멀티캐스트 그룹 선정 방법과 핸드오프 알고리즘을 제안하고 성능을 평가하였다. 제안한 방법은 이동체의 속도와 예상 진행 방향을 애측하여 멀티캐스트 그룹을 결정한다. 결정된 멀티캐스트 그룹을 이용하여 이동체의 속도 증\ulcorner감소에 따라 멀티캐스트 그룹을 조절하여 핸드오프 멀티캐스트로 인한 버퍼 오버헤드를 감소시킴으로서 핸드오프 호의 블러킹을 감소시켜 전체적인 QoS를 향상시킬 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.498-500
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• 1993

This paper presents handover algorithm method using fuzzy rules and neura1 network. In future mobile communication systems, the amount of call requests over a region will increase dramatically. This problem has to be solved by decreasing the cell size. But, this method lets a mobile station switch the a base station at a higher rate. In order to maintain better mobile communication system in a micro or pico cellular system, better handover algorithm must be devoloped. In this paper, we propose a handover algorithm which is based on the fuzzy teory that is applied to make rules with the parameters and neural network that is to learn rules. This new handover algorithm is tested by computer simulation and compared with the conventional algorithms.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2007

본 논문에서 마이크로 및 피코 셀 환경에 적합한 인증된 바인딩 업데이트 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안하는 프로토콜은 CGA (Cryptographically Generated Address) 기반의 티켓 방식을 이용한다. 이 방식은 호스트의 공개키와 서브넷 프리픽스를 이용하여 생성한다. 또한 초기통신 시에 대응노드는 이동 노드에게 홈 에이전트를 통한 티켓을 발행한다. 이는 이동노드와 대응노드 간에 직접 바인딩 갱신을 할 수 있도록 도와준다. 또한 대응노드는 티켓 확인을 통한 이동노드를 인증하고 바인딩 업데이트를 안전하게 수행한다. 몇 가지 공격 시나리오를 통한 프로토콜의 안전성을 분석한다. 마지막으로 결론 및 향후 연구 방향에 대해서 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1509-1512
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• 2004

본 논문은 무선통신망 환경에서 이동체(Mobile Node)에 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 효율적인 핸드오프 알고리즘에 관한 연구로서 QoS에 미치는 영향이 큰 요소들에 대해 분석하고 이를 기반으로 효율적인 핸드오프 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 QoS와 밀접한 관련이 있는 이동체의 속도에 따른 핸드오프 호의 실패율(Blocking Rate)을 분석하였다. 또한 현재 각 이동통신 서비스 업체들이 제공중인 인구밀집지역에서의 무선 멀티미디어 서비스를 가정하여 피코셀(Pico Cell) 환경에서 멀티캐스트 그룹설정에 따른 핸드오프 호의 실패율을 분석하였으며, 이를 기반으로 무선통신망에서 향상된 QoS를 제공할 수 있는 핸드오프 방안을 제시하였다.