• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.844-850
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• 1997

$\alpha$-Galactosidase was partially purified from the culture filtrate of pichia guilliermondii by Mannobiose-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The galactosidase exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.5 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, and was stable in the pH and temperature ranges of 4 to 5.5 and 30 to 6$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$ and $Ag^{2+}$. The enzyme activity was ot affected considerably by treatment with other metal compounds. The enzyme hydrolyzed melibiose to galactose and glucose, raffinose to galactose and sucrose, and $Gal^{3}Man_{3}(6^{3}-$\alpha$-galactosyl-1,4-mannotriose)$ to galactose and mannotriose. On the contrary, it could not hydrolyze $Gal^{3}Man_{4}(6^{3}-galactosyl-1,4-$\alpha$-mannotetraose)$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.163-169
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• 2009

A total of 155 microbial strains were isolated from the Korean traditional soybean paste based on their morphological features on the growth of agar plate. Among the isolated strains, a total of 28 strains were capable of hydrolyzing isoflavone glycoside to isoflavone aglycone efficiently in the soybean paste. Finally, two strains, K123-1 and SI, were selected because of their resistance to 15% NaCl and ability to convert isoflavone glycoside to isoflavone aglycone efficiently during the fermentation of soybean paste. The isolated strains K123-1 and SI were identified to be Pichia guilliermondii and Candida fermentati, respectively, using the partial 26S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenic analysis. Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI converted daidzin to daidzein up to 96% and 95%, respectively, and genistin to genistein up to 92% when soybean pastes were fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 20 days with a single isolated strain. Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI were able to grow in the presence of 15% NaCl on both liquid medium and agar plate. We think that Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI might be one of good candidates for making functional soybean paste because they are isolated from the Korean traditional soybean paste and have a good ability to convert isoflavone glycosides to isoflavone aglycones and a high salt tolerance.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.331-336
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• 1998

The possibility of using waste brine from kimchi factory as a substrate for the production of the single cell protein was investigated. The growth of Pichia guilliermondii A9 isolated from waste brine was not inhibited by the NaCl up to 10% (w/v). BOD of the waste brine was reduced to one tenth after 24 hours of yeast culture. The addition of ammonium salt, phosphate, and micronutrients to the waste brine did not enhance the growth of P. guilliermondii A9. However, when the brine was enriched with juice from waste cabbage, the final cell mass increased proportionally with the amount of added organic material, suggesting a practical application for the treatment of two different types of waste produced during kimchi manufacturing.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1978

In order to isolate and identify of the yeasts in Chinese cabbage Kimchi, was propared and fermented by traditional methods. 40 strains of the yeast were isolated from the Kimchi juice. As the results of the serial experiemnts on morphological, cultural and physiological properties, according to the methods of Lodder, Irzuka, Barnett and Hasegocwa, 13 species of S genera were identified as the followings ; Brettanomyces claussenii, Candida bogoriensis, C.cacaoi, C.guilliermondii, Citeromyces matritensis, Kluyveromyces vaeronae, Pichia membranaefacience, Rhodtorula glutinis, Saccharomyces bayanus, S, cerevisiae, S. pretoriensis, S. italicus, and Torulopsis salmanticensis.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2014

We isolated various yeasts from wild flowers in main islands, Jejudo, Ulleungdo and Yokjido of Korea and their yeasts were identified by comparison of their PCR-amplified D1/D2 regions of 26S rDNA using the BLAST database. Thirty two yeast strains of fourteen species were isolated from wild flowers of Jejudo. Forty eight yeast strains of twenty two species were isolated and identified from wild flowers of Ulleungdo, Korea. Sixty yeast strains belonged to twenty five species were isolated identified from wild flowers of Yokjido in Tongyeong, Korea. Only Metschnikowia reukaufii was overlapped from the three different islands areas. Two species overlapped from Jejudo and Ulleungdo: Pichia guilliermondii, Metschnikowia reukaufii. Seven species were overlapped from Ulleungdo and Yokjido: Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Metschnikowia reukafii, Pichia scolyti, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula graminis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Four species were overlapped from Jejudo and Yokjido: Candida sp. Cryptococcus aureus, Metschnikowia reukafii and Pseudozyma sp.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 1996

To investigate the yeast florae in the traditional and commercial Kochujang, computer identification systems, Vitek, API kit and conventional identification methods were used. Yeast florae of each process were compared and their typical physiological characteristics were also tested. Various process intervals yielded 330 colonies, which resulted in 11 species 184 strains classified. They were identified into Candida glabrata C. guilliermondii. C. humicola. C. rugosa, C. zeylanoides, Cryptococcus uniguttulatus, Pichia farinosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. The strains of Candida, Pichia, Saccharomyces and Zygosaccharomyces were existing in both processes. In case of commercial process, the maximum distribution of Z. rouxii and S. cerevisiae were 33% at 15 day fermentation and 13% at 21 day, respectively. The distribution of Candida spp. was gradually decreased throughtout the fermentation period from 40% to 10%. In the traditional process, the maximum distribution of Z. rouxii and S. cerevisiae were 53% after 3 months and 26% after 7 months, respectively, S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii showed distintive growth pattern at the high concentration of glucose and sodium chloride and played important roles in both processes of fermentation. Physiological tests revealed that only two major yeasts. S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii, showed vigorous carbon dioxide formation under the tested conditions.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

Wild yeasts on the surface of various fruits including grapes were surveyed to obtain yeast strains suitable for fermenting a novel wine with higher alcohol content and supplemented with rice starch. We considered selected characteristics, such as tolerance to alcohol and osmotic pressure, capability of utilizing maltose, and starch hydrolysis. Among 637 putative yeast isolates, 115 strains exhibiting better growth in yeast-peptone-dextrose broth containing 30% dextrose, 7% alcohol, or 2% maltose were selected, as well as five ${\alpha}$-amylase producers. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA gene classified the strains into 13 species belonging to five genera; Pichia anomala was the most prevalent (41.7%), followed by Wickerhamomyces anomalus (19.2%), P. guilliermondii (15%), Candida spp. (5.8%), Kodamaea ohmeri (2.5%), and Metschnikowia spp. (2.5%). All of the ${\alpha}$-amylase producers were Aureobasidium pullulans. Only one isolate (NK28) was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. NK28 had all of the desired properties for the purpose of this study, except ${\alpha}$-amylase production, and fermented alcohol better than commercial wine yeasts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2002

The significance of cell ploidy and repair ability for the radioprotective efficiency of cysteamine was studied in DNA repair - proficient and repair - deficient yeast cells irradiated $^{60}C0\;\gamma-rays.$ Results have been obtained for the cell survival of two groups of yeasts-diplont and haplont cells, both in haploid and diploid states. For diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, the correlation between the radio-protective action of cysteamine and the cell repair capacity was demonstrated. Such a correlation was not clearly expressed for haploid yeast cells. In addition, evidence was obtained indicating that the degree of the radioprotective action was independent of the number of chromosome sets in haplont yeast Pichia guilliermondii cells and in some radiosensitive mutants defective in the diploid-specific recovery. It is concluded on this basis that the radioprotective action may involve the cellular recovery process, which may be mediated by a recombination-like mechanism, for which the diploid state is required. The results obtained clearly show that the radioprotective effect was dependent on DNA repair status and indicate that the mechanism of the radioprotective action may be realized on the level of primary radiation damage production as well as on the level of postradiation recovery from potentially lethal radiation damage.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2014

A beverage was produced by the fermentation of mixed extracts from the various fruits, vegetables, algae, and medical herbs. The physicochemical properties of the fermented beverage of plant extracts (FBPE) and microbial diversity were analyzed in cultures enriched from FBPE using 16S and 26S rRNA gene sequence analyses. The pH, acidity, $^{\circ}brix$, reducing sugar, and alcohol contents of the FBPE were determined to be the 3.48, 1.68%, 70.0, 1,026 g/L, and 3.5%, respectively. The most abundant free sugar and organic acid in the FBPE were glucose (567.83 g/L) and tartaric acid (93.68 mg/L), respectively. Lactobacillus homohiochii was the predominant species in all enriched culture samples: 100% of the species in 0B (0% sugar) and 40B (40% sugar) libraries and 95.6% of 20B library (20% sugar). Lactobacillus fructivorans was detected in the 20B library. The predominant species in the samples of enrichment cultures collected from FBPE with three different sugar concentrations were: Candida zeylanoides (45.2%) in the 0Y library (0% sugar), Candida lactis-condensi (35.7%) and C. zeylanoides (35.7%) in the 20Y library (20% sugar), and C. lactis-condensi (38.1%) in the 40Y library (40% sugar). This result may provide a useful frame of reference for further analyses of microbial population dynamics in FBPE.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2014

Pinewood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a serious pathogenic worm that quickly dry pine trees to death. Recently, PWN has been devastating huge amounts of conifer trees in Korea. As a first step to explore the association and ecological roles of fungi in PWN life cycle in Korea, in this study we first isolated and indentified fungi from PWN-infested Korean pine and Japanese black pine wood sampled in Jinju, Sacheon, Pocheon, Chuncheon, Gwangju, and Hoengseong in Korea. A total of 144 fungal isolates were obtained from Japanese black pine wood and 264 fungal isolates from Korean pine wood. Their morphology and nucleotide sequences of the ITS rDNA and ♌-tubulin gene were examined for species identification. Ophiostoma ips, Botrytis anthophila, Penicillium sp., Hypocrea lixii, Trichoderma atroviride, O. galeiforme, Fusarium proliferatum were identified from Japanese black pine wood. Leptographium koreanum, L. pini-densiflorae, Ophiostoma ips, Penicillium raistrick, Trichoderma sp. were isolated from Korean pine wood. O. ips and L. koreanum were the major species on the two different PWN-infected pine tree. The cultivation of PWN on fungal mat of the identified species did some enhance PWN reproduction. The ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is a serious pest of oak trees in Korea. In this study we investigated filamentous fungi present in the body of the beetle. Fourteen genera of filamentous fungi belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were isolated. All the obtained genera were isolated in the mitosporic state. The identified fungi were classified in 11 distinct orders including the Ascomycota (Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Ophiostomatales, Pleosporales, and Sordiales) and Basidiomycota (Agaricales, Corticiales, Polyporales, and Russulales Xylariales). Within Ascomycota, 13 species were found. Meanwhile five species were found within Basidiomycota. The results showed the presence of diverse fungi in P. koryoensis. Among the isolated fungi, some were able to produce wood degrading enzymes. Further fungal isolation was performed with P. koryoensis infested Quercus mongolica trees sampled at Kumdan mountain in Hanam-Si, Gyeonggi province from June of 2009 to June of 2010. Penicillin spp. and Trichoderma spp. were the major species of mold fungi group. Pichia guilliermondii was the major species of mold yeast group. Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae was also isolated, but its isolation frequency was not high. Other species identified were Ambrosiella xylebori, Fusarium solani, Cryphonectria nitschke, Chaetomium globosum, and Gliocladium viride, Candida kashinagacola, C. maritima, C. vanderkliftii, Saccharomycopsis crataegensis.