• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.510-517
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• 2012

Piccolo-80 is a 64-bit ultra-light block cipher suitable for the constrained environments such as wireless sensor network environments. In this paper, we propose a differential fault analysis on Piccolo-80. Based on a random byte fault model, our attack can the secret key of Piccolo-80 by using the exhaustive search of $2^{24}$ and six random byte fault injections on average. It can be simulated on a general PC within a few seconds. This result is the first known side-channel attack result on Piccolo-80.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.787-793
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• 2012

Piccolo-128 is a 64-bit ultra-light block cipher suitable for the constrained environments such as wireless sensor network environments. In this paper, we propose biclique cryptanalysis on the full Piccolo-128. To recover the secret key of Piccolo-128, the proposed attack requires $2^{24}$ chosen plaintexts and the computational complexity of about $2^{127.35}$. This result is the first known theoretical attack result on the full Piccolo-128.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4727-4741
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• 2019

The lightweight block cipher Piccolo adopts Generalized Feistel Network structure with 64 bits of block size. Its key supports 80 bits or 128 bits, expressed by Piccolo-80 or Piccolo-128, respectively. In this paper, we exploit the security of reduced version of Piccolo from the first round with the pre-whitening layer, which shows the vulnerability of original Piccolo. As a matter of fact, we first study some linear relations among the round subkeys and the properties of linear layer. Based on them, we evaluate the security of Piccolo-80/128 against the meet-in-the-middle attack. Finally, we attack 13 rounds of Piccolo-80 by applying a 5-round distinguisher, which requires $2^{44}$ chosen plaintexts, $2^{67.39}$ encryptions and $2^{64.91}$ blocks, respectively. Moreover, we also attack 17 rounds of Piccolo-128 by using a 7-round distinguisher, which requires $2^{44}$ chosen plaintexts, $2^{126}$ encryptions and $2^{125.49}$ blocks, respectively. Compared with the previous cryptanalytic results, our results are the currently best ones if considering Piccolo from the first round with the pre-whitening layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.259-261
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• 2003

Xml 파서들의 벤치 마킹 결과에서 기존 파서와는 달리 JFlex와 BYacc/J를 사용한 Piccolo는 다른 파서들에 비해 0.5 ~ 1.5배 향상된 빠른 속도의 파싱 속도를 나타내었다. 하지만 XML Pull 모델의 표준 interface인 XPP(XML Pull Parser)가 제정되고 안정화됨에 따라서 MXP(XPP Version 3.0)［1］는 기존 XML 파서들과 달리 Parser Generator tool을 사용하여 가장 빠른 파싱 속도를 보였던 Piccolo 파서［2］보다도 빠른 파싱 속도를 나타내었고 이는 현 XML파서 중 가장 빠른 파싱 속도로 Pull 모델이 기존의 Object, Push 보다 빠른 모델이라는 점을 입증하였다. 본 논문에서는 Pull Parser를 구현하는데 있어 Piccolo에서 사용한 JFlex와 BYacc/J를 사용함으로 Pull 파서의 속도를 한층 더 높여 Piccolo, MXP 보다 빠른 파싱 속도를 내는 파서를 구현하기 위한 JFlex와 BYacc/J의 적용방안에 대해 연구하였다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.39-54
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop a parent play interaction observation scale (PPIOS-Toddler) and analyze it in terms of item discrimination, reliability, and validity. Methods: The subjects of the study were 97 toddlers and mothers. This scale consisted of three categories, six domains and 22 items on a 5-point scale. For the item discrimination of the observation scale, an independent standard t-test was conducted to analyze the significant difference in average between the upper and lower groups for each item. The reliability of the observation scale was calculated by Cronbach's α, the intra-item agreement, and the validity was examined through content validity, the correlation between subdomains and total scores, and official validity using PICCOLO. Results: In item discrimination analysis, all items exhibited differences between upper and lower groups. The overall internal agreement for the observation scale was 0.95, with factor-specific internal agreement ranging from 0.83 to 0.95. The observation scale demonstrated notable correlations between total scores and sub-factors (0.45 to 0.93) and significant correlations with PICCOLO total scores (0.66 to 0.86). Conclusion/Implications: The study successfully verified the item discrimination, reliability, and validity of the Parent Play Interaction Observation Scale (PPIOS-Toddler).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.826-828
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• 2004

XML은 기존의 HTML과 SGML의 단정을 보안한 마크업 언어로써, 큰 대역폭, 많은 메모리 양, 높은 CPU속도를 가지는 유선 환경에서부터 저 대역폭, 적은 메모리 양, 낮은 CPU속도를 가지는 모바일 장치까지 사용이 확대되어 지고 있다. 현재 모바일에서 사용되는 XML 파서중에서는 PULL 모델 기반 Kxml파서[1]만이 모바일 장치를 고려한 파서이다. 모바일 장치에서 XML의 많은 사용을 위해서는 저메모리를 사용하여 빠른 파서에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 piccolo 파서에서 사용한 Parser generator tool 인 JFlex를 사용하고, 파싱 모델 중 가장 빠르고 저 메모리를 사용하는 Pull 모델을 적용함으로써, 빠른 Token 추출과 이벤트 형 정의를 통해 좀더 빠른 XML 파서를 제안하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.862-864
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• 2004

현재 XML은 HTML의 대체 마크업 언어로써 그 사용이 확대되어 지고, 또한 XML 데이터를 위한 파서 모델과 파서 구현방식에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그 연구의 결과로 벤치마킹에서 PULL모델이 빠른 파싱 속도를 나타내었고, 파서의 구현 방식에 있어서는 PULL 모델 파서인 piccolo에서 사용한 parser generator tool인 JFlex와 BYacc/J를 사용하는 방법이 기존 파서 구현 방식에서 사용하던 Hand-write 방식보다 파싱이 빠른결과 [1]를 내 놓았다. 또한 이 두 방법을 이용하여 기존의 파서 보다 파싱을 위한 시스템 설계를 제안하였다[2]. 본 논문에서는 JX-PullParser 시스템을 구현하였고, xml 파서 속도 비교 도구인 saxbench 속도 비교 도구를 사용하여 기존 파서보다 빠른 파싱 속도를 보이는 것을 입증하였다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.301-309
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• 2011

Purpose: Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have the potential to significantly influence management of neonates. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of the POCT chemistry analyzer in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: Blood samples of neonates admitted to the NICU were tested using a POCT chemistry analyzer (Piccolo Xpress Chemistry Analyzer, Abaxis, Union City, CA, USA) and a central laboratory chemical analyzer (Chemistry analyzer 7600-110, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) from March to September, 2010. Correlation of 15 analytes between the POCT and the central laboratory machine was evaluated. For consistency of the POCT, three consecutive samplings were performed. Differences among the three tests were recorded. The causes of performance errors were checked through log files. Results: One hundred of 112 pairs of tests for accuracy performed in 54 neonates showed a high correlation between the two machines. Twelve performance errors occurred during the 112 tests. The most common error was insufficient sample error. Eighteen triplet tests performed in 18 patients for consistency revealed a difference range of 3-10%, which was considered to be acceptable. No error occurred during the 54 tests. Conclusion: The POCT is capable of analyzing multiple analytes with a minimal amount of whole blood in a short time. The few performance errors noted presently are likely preventable. This POCT is concluded to be suitable for use as a simple and rapid diagnostic method in the NICU with a minimal amount of blood collected in a less invasive manner.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 2001

There are some evidence that active enzymatic proteins, e.g. fungal laccase, exist in the naturally occured soil humus. This study was performed to investigate the covalent binding of fungal laccase to the humic acid-iron complex, and to measure laccase activity of immobilized ones. Seven methods were adopted to form the covalent binding of fungal laccase with soil humic acids complexed with iron. Using these seven methods it was possible to change the dimension of spacer arm between laccase and support, and also to regulate the mode of covalent binding of this enzyme. The spacer arm was regulated from 2C to 11C. There was not observed any straight relationship between the spacer arm longitude and the laccase activity after immobilization, but the binding mode more effective than the former. Three out of the seven methods gave the high activity of immobilized laccase, and which active products of laccase immobilization was stable up to 10 days after the process. It is indicated that natural soil condition might be prevented the laccase activation by the toxic influence of some phenolic humic compounds. It was shown, for the first time, the possibilities to obtain the high activity of fungal laccase by binding to humic acids, and especially in complex with iron.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1421-1424
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two diets different in crude fibre content and ingredients on performance and on caecal characteristics of rabbits around weaning. Thirty litters from thirty New Zealand White does were divided at Day 18 in two groups fed, respectively, a low fibre concentrate (LFC, consisting mainly of soybean meal, delactated whey, barley) from Day 18-28 followed by a creep feed (CF, consisting mainly in alfalfa meal, barley and wheat bran) from Day 29-32, and a CF from Day 18-32. After weaning (32 days) both groups were fed the CF ad libitum for two weeks. During the pre-weaning period, mortality, milk intake and solid feed intake (from Day 20) were recorded daily, while the live weight of kits was recorded twice, at 18 and 32 days. At day 28, one rabbit/litter was slaughtered in order to obtain data on caecal content characteristics. After weaning, the rabbits were located in collective cages, feeding ad libitum CF; feed intake, live weight and mortality were recorded weekly for two weeks. During the preweaning period, there were no differences between the groups in milk and solid feed intake and, by consequence, in live weight at weaning; instead, the mortality was higher (12.5 vs 4.5%) for the group (A) that changed diet at 28 days. Group A showed also a higher caecal pH (6.12 vs. 5.72), propionate to butyrate ratio (0.73 vs. 0.46), ammonia content (9.3 vs. 7.1 mmol/l), but a lower total volatile fatty acid content (66.8 vs. 82.1 mmol/l) than B Group, probably due to the dried milk whey in the concentrate. After weaning, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The authors concluded that the use of a low fibre concentrate for suckling rabbits is not recommended.