• 제목/요약/키워드: Phytotoxic Substance

검색결과 9건 처리시간 0.027초

Allelopathic Effects of Fir Tree (Abies holophylla)

  • Kim, Young-Sik;Kil, Bong-Seop
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.307-310
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    • 2004
  • It was found that seed germination and seedling growth of selected species were inhibited by phytotoxic substance released from fir trees. The aqueous extracts of leaves caused significant inhibition in the seed germination of the receptor plants, Whereas seed germination of some species was not inhibited in extracts of leaves, but seedling elongation of the receptor plants was also decreased by the aqueous extract. Dry weight growth was slightly increased in lower concentration of the extract, while that was proportionally inhibited by higher concentration of the extracts. Chemical substances of fir trees were shown the biological toxicity. The GC method was employed for analysis of phytotoxic chemicals and sixteen chemical substances were identified such as benzoic, phenylacetic, etc. Also 33 volatile substances were identified from the fir tree. These chemical compounds are assumed the substances related to allelopathic potential of Abies holophylla plant species.

곰솔에 들어있는 생장억제물질의 작용 (Effects of Growth Inhibitors form Pinus thunbergii)

  • Kil, Bong-Seop;Oh, Suk-Heum;Kim, Young-Sik
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.21-35
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    • 1989
  • It was found that seed germination and seedling growth of selected species were inhibited by phytotoxic substance released from black pine. The longer was the aqueous extraction time of black pine needles, the smaller was the relative germination and growth of the species were inhibited in aqueous leachate and rain leachate as well as in soil underneath the black pine trees. In addition, the growth of lettuce was suppressed in volatile substances from black pine needles. To detect phytotoxic substances of black pine needles, paper chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were used and fourteen kinds of KDICical compounds were isolated and identified as phenolic acids including benzoic acids. The growth of lettuce was inhibited in the experiment using reagents identical to these KDICical substances and a great inhibition was observed in the concentration of less than 5$\times$ M.

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수종식물의 분비물질이 종자 발아와 균류 생장에 미치는 알레로파시 효과 (Allelopathic Effects on Seed Germination and Fungus Growth from the Secreting Substances of Some Plants)

  • 이호준;김용옥;장남기
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 1997
  • Phenolic compounds from 7 species of naturalized invader species and Korean wild plants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Eleven phenolic compounds including benzoic acid were identified. The extract of naturalized plants was significantly more inhibitory to seed germination and seedling growth of the both naturalized and Korean wild plants. The content of total phenolic compounds in each extract were 43.5 mg/l in Ailanthus altissima as the maximum amount and 25.5 mg/l in Phytolacca americana as the minimum. Phytotoxic substances of ethanol extracts was investigated for antifungal activity against 23 selected fungus species. The antifungal activity of Phytolacca americana showed the greatest clear zone of 23 mm in Aspergillus awamori and its activity had an effect against 6 fungus species. Ailanthus altissima formed the greatest clear zone of 26 mm in Erwinia carotovora sub. sp. carotovora and had an effect agsinst 2 fungus species.

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Isolation and Partial Characterization of Phytotoxic Mycotoxins Produced by Sclerotinia sp., a Potential Bioherbicide for the Control of White Clover(Trifoliorum repens)

  • Hong, Yeon-Kyu;Lee, Bong-Choon;Jung, Won-Kwon;Bae, Soon-Do;Park, Sung-Tae;Uhm, Jae-Youl
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.52-57
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    • 2004
  • Sclerotinia sp. (isolate BWC98-105) causes stem blight and root rot in Leghum sp., and is presently being evaluated as a potential mycoherbicide for the control of Trifoliorium repens. Bioassays have shown that Sclerotinia sp. produces phytotoxic substance which is biologically active against T. repens. Two biologically active compounds, designated as compoundsI and II, were produced in vitro from the culture filtrate of BWC98-105 isolate Sclerotium sp. Compounds I and II were purified by means of liquid-liquid extraction and $C_{18}$ open column chromatography (300 ${\times}$ 30 mm, i.d). To determine the purity, the purified compounds were analyzed by RP-HPLC. The analytical RP-HPLC column was a TOSOH ODS-120T (150 ${\times}$ 4.6 mm i.d, Japan), of which the flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min using the linear gradient solvent system initiated with 15 % methanol to 85 % methanol for 50 min with monitoring at 254 nm. Under these RP-HPLC conditions, compounds I and II eluted at 3.49 and 4.13 min, respectively. Compound II was found to be most potent and host specific. However, compound I had a unique antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic bacteria like bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) on rice, where it played a less important role in producing toxicity on T. repens. No toxin activity was detected in the water fraction after partitioning with several organic solvents. However, toxin activity was detected in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. In the leaf bioassay using compound II, the disease first appeared within 4-5 h as water soaked rot, which subsequently developed into well-defined blight affecting the whole plant.

논피잎마름병균(Exserohilum monoceras)의 독소생산과 그 기주반응 (Production of a Phytotoxic Substance by Exserohilum monoceras, the Causal Fungus of Barnyardgrass Leaf Blight, and its Response on Host Plants)

  • 조재민;홍연규;엄재열
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 1997
  • Phytotoxicity of the culture filtrate and culture conditions for the production of the phytotoxin by Exserohilum monoceras 92-044 were examined. The necrotic lesions were developed on the leaves of Echinochloa crus-galli within 48 hrs after inoculation of the culture filtrate, and the leaves were completely blighted within 5∼7 days. Maximum toxicity was found in the culture broth containing 20% V-8 juice. Phytotoxin accumulation and fungal growth reached their highest peak at around 11 days. Typical symptom appeared on the leaf of E. crus-galli within 48 hrs. Only a weak chlorosis appeared on rice, Arundinella hirta (THUNB) and henry crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis SCOP.), but no further symptom developed.

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무 시들음병균이 생산하는 Phytotoxin의 병원성 및 저항성에서 역할 (Role of a Phytotoxin Produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani on Pathogenesis of and Resistance to the Fungus)

  • 심선아;김진철;장경수;최용호;김흥태;최경자
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.626-632
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    • 2013
  • 무 시들음병에 대한 저항성 검정 체계를 확립하기 위하여 실험하는 과정에서 병원균인 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani가 무 유묘에 독성(phytotoxicity)을 일으키는 독소(phytotoxin)를 생산한다는 것을 발견했다. F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani KR1 균주는 여러 배지 중 malt extract broth 배지에서 배양하였을 때 그리고 $25^{\circ}C$에서 14일 동안 150rpm으로 진탕배양하였을 때 가장 많은 독소를 생산하였다. 무에 대한 독성 반응을 이용하여 F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani의 배양액으로부터 phytotoxin을 분리하였다. 그리고 Mass와 NMR Spectroscopy 분석을 통하여 이 화합물은 fusaric acid로 동정되었다. 독소의 역할을 규명하기 위하여 fusaric acid를 무, 양배추, 브로콜리 등 F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani의 기주 및 비기주 배추과 작물에 대한 독소 활성을 조사하였다. Fusaric aicd는 무 유묘에 대하여 농도 의존적으로 활성을 보였으며, F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani에 대한 감수성 품종뿐만 아니라 저항성 품종에 대해서도 유사한 정도의 독성을 나타냈다. 그리고 F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani가 생산하는 fusaric acid는 병원균의 비기주 배추과 작물인 양배추와 브로콜리에 대해서도 강한 활성을 보였다. 따라서 이들 결과는 이 독소가 병원성 관련 독소이나 비기주 특이적 독소이며, 무 시들음병 저항성 검정에서 이 독소가 제거된 포자현탁액을 접종원으로 사용해야 한다는 것을 나타낸다.

생분해성 광활성 물질 5-aminolevulinic acid의 제초활성 (Herbicidal Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, a Biodegradable Photodynamic Substance)

  • 천상욱;김영민
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2007
  • 미생물학적으로 생산된 것과 합성된 2종류의 ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)가 배추의 생장과 엽록소 함량에 미치는 제초활성을 탐색하기 위해 실험실 및 온실시험을 수행하였다. 초기 유묘의 생장에 미치는 ALA의 효과는 농도에 비례하여 반응을 보이며 높은 농도에서 유의적인 억제효과를 보였다. 발생 전 및 발생 후 처리된 ALA는 유의적인 정도의 광활성을 나타냈다. 많은 잎을 가진 엽령의 유묘는 적은 엽령의 유묘보다 ALA에 대해 더 내성을 보였다. 미생물학적으로 생산된 것과 합성된 ALA간의 제초효과에 있어서 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 그러나 합성된 ALA의 잔류성과 물리화학적 특성은 미생물학적으로 생산된 ALA의 그것 보다 더 안정적이었다. 따라서 잡초발생 전후 처리한 ALA의 제초활성이 인정되었으며 그 화합물은 천연 미생물 제제로 가치 있는 친환경 잡초방제 수단이 될 것으로 사료되었다.

Ericaceous식물의 allelopathy와 경쟁력에 의한 침엽수 갱신 저해 (Competitive Ability and Allelopathy of Ericaceous Plants as Potential Causes of Conifer Regeneration Failures)

  • Mallik, A.U.
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제84권3호
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    • pp.394-405
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    • 1995
  • 온대 삼림지대에서 산화 적지나 개벌 적지에 왕성하게 번성하는 것이 ericaceous속이다. ericaceous속의 식물들은 성장이 빨라서 다른 종과의 경쟁에서 유리하고 또한 allelopathy 효과 때문에 침엽수 갱신에 영향을 미친다. Kalmia가 번성하는 지역에서는 삼림 갱신이 잘 되지 않거나 조림한 침엽수의 생장이 저조하였다. 이러한 생상 저해 현상은 서유럽의 Calluna - Sitca spruce - Scots pine 생태계와 미국의 북서 태평양 지역의 Gaultheria - cedar/hemlock 생태계에서도 나타나고 있다. 삼림이 파괴된 다음에 Kalmia - black spruce 생태계의 다양한 변화는 침엽수 생장을 저해하거나 갱신을 방해하는 원인으로 생각되어지고 있다. 양분경쟁에 대한 논쟁의 여지는 있으나 Kalmia는 black spruce 생장을 억제하는 주원인으로 작용한다. 여러 곳의 야외, 실내 및 온실에서 한 실험 결과는 이러한 결론을 뒷받침해 주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Kalmia 잎으로부터 8가지의 폐놀물질을 분리동정해 냈으며 이들 중 4가지는 black spruce에 고도의 독성을 나타냈다. Kalmia 우점지역에서 allelopathic 영향을 적게 하므로써 black spruce의 갱신을 증진시키기 위한 여러 가지 방법에 대한 고찰을 하였다.

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Fusarium oxysporum이 생산하는 dehydrofusaric acid의 몇 가지 식물 생육에 대한 활성 (Phytotoxicity of dehydrofusaric acid isolated from Fusarium oxysporum against several plants)

  • 홍경식;최경자;김흥태;황인택;조광연;김진철
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.202-208
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    • 2002
  • 피에서 분리한 Fusarium oxysporum균주로부터 여러 번의 chromatography를 통하여 좀개구리밥의 생장을 억제하는 물질을 분리하였다. 질량분석과 핵자기공명분석을 통하여 이 물질은 dehydrofusaric acid로 동정되었다. Dehydrofusaric acid는 좀개구리밥의 생장에 대한 $EC_{50}$ 값이 $1.5{\mu}g/ml$로 매우 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 물질은 식용피, cress, 강피 및 동진벼의 뿌리의 생장도 억제하였으나, 식용피와 cress의 발아 및 네 가지 식물의 지상부의 생장에는 전혀 영향을 주지 않았다.