• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.10
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• pp.887-895
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• 2014

Drowsy driving is a large proportion of the total car accidents. For this reason, drowsiness detection and warning system for drivers has recently become a very important issue. Monitoring physiological signals provides the possibility of detecting features of drowsiness and fatigue of drivers. Many researches have been published that to measure electroencephalogram(EEG) signals is the effective way in order to be aware of fatigue and drowsiness of drivers. The aim of this study is to extract drowsiness-related features from a set of EEG signals and to classify the features into three states: alertness, transition, and drowsiness. This paper proposes a drowsiness detection system using errors-in-variables(EIV) for extraction of feature vectors and multilayer perceptron (MLP) for classification. The proposed method evaluates robustness for noise and compares to the previous one using linear predictive coding (LPC) combined with MLP. From evaluation results, we conclude that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous one in the low signal-to-noise ratio regime.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2001

This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of the supportive nursing intervention and analyze its components in 14 studies carried out from Jan. 1980 to Jun. 1997. The supportive nursing intervention studies divided into three types according to the components of conceptual definitons.; (1)supportive nursing behavior, (2)social support, and (3)combination of social support and supportive nursing behavior. The various terms referred to the supportive nursing intervention didn't have the clear differentiating conceptual and operational definitions and the logical relationship among them. The effects of supportive nursing intervention were measured by the 23 dependent variables using self-report and the 5 dependent variables using physiological indices. The dependent variables were measured more than two were role behavior compliance, anxiety, depression, health belief, knowledge about the disease, helplessness and stressful behavior response. The average effects of the supportive nursing intervention ranged from 0.218 to 2.745 for the d index. The three variables of them, which were anxiety, depression and stressful behavior response, were homogeneous statistically by homogeniety test. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that the supportive nursing intervention had moderate to large effects on anxiety(d=0.41), depression (d=0.66) and stressful behavior response (d=0.86).

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

This study aimed to identify the correlation between internal/external motive, academic failure (emotion, behavior, task preference), depression (depressive emotion, behavioral disorder, loss of interest, self-degradation and physiological symptom), and academic efficacy of elementary school students with underachievement basic learning, and discover the influential variables on internal/external motive, targeting 56 elementary school students with underachievement in third and fifth grade of 10 elementary schools in G metropolitan city. The research conducted T-test to figure out the difference between the children with underachievement by year and carried out theregression analysis to identify the predictors of self-determination motives. First, there was a difference between the third and fifth graders in terms of the external motives. Second, the influential variables for external motives of children with underachievement included depressive emotion, loss of interest and physiological symptom. Therefore, as more third graders with underachievement study under the external motives compared to the fifth graders, it is concluded necessary to adopt a program to reduce the variables for depression that influence the external motives.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.464-477
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• 2011

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify recent trends of experimental research by analyzing doctoral dissertations in all colleges of nursing in Korea. Methods: The areas of research, the content, methodological and intervention characteristics used in this study were explored in experimental research on doctoral dissertations (n=132) published from 2006 to 2010. Results: In the issues of research, practice/clinical issues were most frequently used. As to outcome measurement, physiological variables increased more than psychological/emotional variables. Most theory applied in the research was taken from other disciplines, and nursing theory was only Roy's adaptation theory. A large majority of the research was quasi-experimental designs and the number of true-experimental designs was very low. In more than half of the dissertations, internal validity was not described, and the described external validity rate was very low. There were more single intervention programs than bundle ones and education/exercise programs were most frequently used as the source of intervention. Conclusion: Doctoral dissertations need to increase and encourage more high quality experimental research to expand nursing knowledge and to develop evidence based nursing practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 2002

This study was to identify the trends and contents of imagery interventions and to evaluate the effects of imagery interventions by using meta-analysis. Method: The materials used for this study were 15 imagery intervention studies carried out from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2001. The studies were analyzed and evaluated in different categories: 1) types of dependent variables 2) types of imagery 3) interval of imagery 4) total duration of imagery 5) sample characteristics 6) intervention method. Result: 1) Behavioral imagery was more prevalent than dynamic imagery. There were wide variations in duration, and interval of interventions. Imagery intervention had moderate effects on psychological variables (state of anxiety, depression & and stress etc.) and had moderate to large effects on physiological variable(pulse rate, cortisol etc.). Behavioral imagery had larger effects than dynamic imagery. Imagery applied to the public had larger effect on decreasing the state of anxiety and stress than applied to the patients. But imagery applied to the patients had a larger effect on decreasing depression than applied to the public. The imagery intervention method by using the individual approach had greater effect than group approach method. Conclusion: These results of this study will be used to guide the development of imagery interventions to nursing practice. Also, various types of imagery interventions need to be developed based on the characteristics of nursing practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1224-1231
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify comprehensive predictors of fatigue in cancer patients. Methods: One hundred ten cancer patients visiting in-patient or out-patient clinics of a university hospital located in Incheon participated in this study. Results: The hematologic indicators (WBC and Hemoglobin) were significant fo. explaining fatigue. The psychological factors of fatigue were statistically significant. Both anxiety and depression, included as psychological factors, were significant in explaining fatigue in cancer patients. The influence of physical factors on fatigue was also statistically significant. Among the variables included as physical factors, pain, nausea/vomiting/anorexia, and sleep disturbance were significant whereas, dyspnea was not significant. The influence of the daily activity factor on fatigue was statistically significant. Among the variables included as daily activity factors, regular exercise or not and the usual activity level were significant in explaining fatigue of cancer patients, while the level of rest was not statistically significant. Conclusions: From the study results fatigue of cancer patients appeared to be influenced by multidimensional factors, such as physiological, physical, psychological, and activity related factors.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.77-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resting periods between exercise sets during isokinetic contraction on recovery from muscle fatigue, strength, heart rate, blood pressure, and lactate level. Sixteen women performed 10 repetitions of isokinetic exercise for three sets in three different conditions. During the sets, they rested 50, 100, and 150 seconds in each condition. And the results were: 1) In this population, the peak torque of extensor during the isokinetic exercise in 100 second resting condition was significantly higher than that in 50 and 150 second resting conditions (p<.01). The total work of extensor was significant in the second and third sets in 50 and 100 second resting conditions (p<.01). 2) During the isokinetic exercise, the heart rate was progressively increased as the sets were advanced in all resting conditions (p<.01). And the increase was significant during the second and third sets than the first in 50 second resting condition (p<.01), while it was significantly greater after the third set than the first in 100 and 150 second resting conditions (p<.01). 4) No difference was found between the resting periods in blood lactate level and blood pressure during the isokinetic exercise. However, differences were found between the sets in these variables (p<.01).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

Korean English learners tend to have difficulty perceiving and producing English vowels. The purpose of this study is to examine a link between perceived and produced vowel spaces of Korean learners of English. Sixteen Korean male and female participants perceived two sets of English synthetic vowels on a computer monitor and rated their naturalness. The same participants produced English vowels in a carrier sentence with high and low pitch variation in a clear speaking mode. The author compared the perceived and produced vowel spaces in terms of the pitch and gender variables. Results showed that the perceived vowel spaces were not significantly different in either variables. Korean learners perceived the vowels similarly. They did not differentiate the tense-lax vowel pairs nor the low vowels. Secondly, the produced vowel spaces of the male and female groups showed a 25% difference which may have come from their physiological differences in the vocal tract length. Thirdly, the comparison of the perceived and produced vowel spaces revealed that although the vowel space patterns of the Korean male and female learners appeared similar, which may lead to a relative link between perception and production, statistical differences existed in some vowels because of the acoustical properties of the synthetic vowels, which may lead to an independent link. The author concluded that any comparison between the perceived and produced vowel space of nonnative speakers should be made cautiously. Further studies would be desirable to examine how Koreans would perceive different sets of synthetic vowels.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 1991

This study focused on time use and the influencing factors of employed wives. Its aims are specified as follows.:1) to figure out the tendency of time use spent on a holiday and weekday by employed wives ; (2) to find out factors influencing the amount of time in each domain spent on each day. The samples were composed for 396 employed wives living in Seoul and Kwangju city who had the eldest child less than 18years old. were sampled based on their work kind, work status, and residential quarter. The results are as follows; 1) Employed wives spend 423 minutes a weekday, and 513 minutes a holiday on the sleep and 522 minutes(weekday ), 618 minutes (holiday) on the total Physiological time 599 minutes (weekday), 72 minutes(holiday) were devoted to the employed time. compared to 214 minutes. 395 minutes for the housework Finally 103 minutes and 349 minutes were assigned to leisure time. Compared with the research results in Japan and the United States, this shows large difference. Korean wives; work time is excessively too long while the time for leisure and psysiological time is too short, which means the life style of Korean wives ti too simple and monotonous. 2) Social demographic variables(such as work status, education, income, wive's relative income rate, family type. family number, the younger child's age, and etc. )and variables connected with employment (such as employed work time and employment motivation) significantly differentiate the time use. A wive with higher education, employment status, and income level, spends more time for the psysiological , leisure time, and manegerial housework time, while spending less time for work and physical housework.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to synthesis the results of research on relationships of cognitive impairment with multi-dimensional correlates of rheumatic disease through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods: For the study purpose, 23 studies were selected through a systematic process of searching the literature. Results: The study results showed that among general characteristics, age and education were the variables having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Among health risk factors, obesity appeared to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. For past history, diabetes and hypertension were shown to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. It was noted also that aPL, one of the physiological factor, had significant association with cognitive impairment. None of the medication related factors had a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Results showed that among disease related factors, disease activity had the highest relationship with cognitive impairment. Depression, among psychological factors, was the only variable having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the variables strongly impacting on cognitive impairment in rheumatic disease are depression and disease activity.