• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.759-765
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• 2006

In order to provide the methodology of researching constitutional theories, the original meaning and the source of the term, ti(體) and zhi(質) written in and other text were reviewed, and then components of constitution(體質) and some evaluative norms and prospect on constitutional theories were proposed. Ti(體) means body or 5 tissues or patterns of them and zhi(質) means quality in , so the temporary meaning of constitution was generally same with present one. But the temperament originated from Greek and Elizabethan era is thought that it corresponds with constitution, but it means generally body type and character and mental pathologic features. The fundamental requirements of constitutional theories are needed stability, creativity, clinical efficiency and reproductiveness for differentiating with classical diagnostics over the range of disease and aging of the subject. And heredity, universality and extensiveness were recommended as additional requirements for making level up the theories through long-term follow-up, and to evaluate these requirements detail items were proposed. More of these, weight rendering should be made respectively afterwards.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1580-1584
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• 2004

On the basis of the widely collected fork prescriptions, long clinical practice of himself, together with integration of all the good points of earlier medical specialists, 孫思邈 wrote 『千金方』 of thirty volumes. Among them Volumes 『食治』 (Food Therapy) and 『養性』(Cultivating the Character) are especially meaningful for in gerontology. Thirty years after its completion, as a supplement, he wrote another thirty volumes of 『千金翼方』. Mr. Sun integrated his discoveries in the treatments of the aged patients, and his opinions for longevity into the Volumes 『養性』 (Cultivating the Character), 『?穀』(Fasting), 『退居』(Retirement), 『補益』(Supplementation). Thus he laid down the basic foundation for the gerontology of Chinese medicine. 『千金要方』 and 『千金翼方』 by Mr. Sun discuss mainly the prevention of illness for aged patients. As for the function of food therapy, he explains: 'Food can dispel evil elements of the body and settle down its organs. It can further bring pleasure to man's spirit and help the circulation of blood and breath.' He then propose the major method of food therapy: 'For a medical doctor, he should understand the causes of disease, then treat it with food. Only after the food treatment fails, medicine is employed.' He thinks that medicine does work in treatment, but it also creates imbalance in the body, and makes the latter vulnerable to outside harms. Therefore, a good doctor is the one who cures the disease and bring pleasure to the patient with food. He stresses that food therapy is always a priority. Mr. Sun prefers animal's organs in the food therapy for aged. For example, he uses powder of sheep's kidney to treat the lumbago. He suggests the viewpoint of 'Curing man's organs with animal's organs' and 'Strengthening man's organs with animal's organs,' and sets the theoretical foundation of 'Organic Treatment.' Mr. Sun's gerontology and food therapy received further development latter. The prescriptions contained therein had been widely used in 王懷隱's 『太平聖惠方』 and 陳直's 『養老奉親書』, both in the Song Dynasty. Eventually they had become a science of food therapy for aged patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychobiological traits of each Sasang typology based on the Sasang Digestive function Inventory (SDFI) which measures the Sasang type-specific pathophysiological digestive symptom. The SDFI, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and NEO-Personality Inventory (NEOPI) were measured with 199 College students. The correlation coefficient was measured with Pearson correlation among SDFI, TCI, and NEOPI. The influence of TCI, sex and age on SDFI and its subscales were analyzed with regression analysis. We also compared the psychobiological features between high and low SDFI score groups to elucidate its psychobiological profiles. There was significant correlation between SDFI and TCI Harm-Avoidance (r=-0.192, p<0.001). The SDFI subscales were showed to have significant correlations with subscales of NEOPI and TCI. The regression model with TCI can explain 8-16% of type-specific pathophysiological digestive symptoms. The low SDFI score group ($39{\pm}9.3$) has significantly (p=0.007) higher than the high SDFI group ($33.6{\pm}12.2$) in TCI Harm-Avoidance which is considered important for the gastrointestinal dysfunction and So-Eum type differentiation. We found that the TCI may explain the mechanism underneath the Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptom. It was suggested that the TCI Reward-Dependence would be useful for the study on Tae-Eum Sasang type, and its clinical meanings were discussed in the pathophysiological perspectives.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Oriental Medicine has long been centered around Qi[vital force], hence adopting Qigong and the art of regimen for training the body and relaxing the mind so as to prevent and heal illness. It has not been such a long time since Qigong method had been performed and spot-lighted out of numerous methods in Oriental Medicine. In China and Korea alone, diverse cases and papers are published, only revealing so many steps toward the establishment of diachronic description, theoretical foundation, and clinical practice. Historical approach is an essential part of recognizing a subject. When you step along its path and comprehend what it were, you can also grasp what it is and what it will be. Establishment of Qigong history is also vital to research Qigong in theory and practice. Generally, Qigong was transmitted from China to Korea, whereas the opposite explanation, that it originated from Korean Taoism, is supported by the minority based on certain texts concerning ancient history. In this paper, I support the theory of Korean originality based on the following grounds: First, the location of Qi and Van, the motherland of Chinese Taoism provides a strong evidence that Korean tradition had been absorbed by them and formed the tradition of mystic hermits(shenxian). Second, Guangchengzi, the originator of mystic hermits, is from Dongyi tribe according to Cheonghakjib. Third, the myth of Dangun has pure form of unique Korean folklore possessing the distinctive feature of mystic hermits tradition, uninfluenced by Chinese Taoism. Fourth, in ideographical aspect, the character 'xian(仙)', was invented as the Korean concept of mystic hermits[xian] was flowed in to China. Moreover, There is high probability that it was based on the concept of mystic hermits shown in the myth of Dangun in Its original formation. Fifth, considering the relation between wild ginseng and the tradition of mystic hermits, that tradition can be formed very naturally in Korean area. Sixth, the analogical similarity between archetype of Korean tradition and Taoistic trilogy, the foundational idea of the tradition, gives genealogical basis to its origin. Seventh, the tradition of mystic hermits and Shamanism, which constitues the prototype of Korean mind as an original religious tradition, are undiscernible in their root In Conclusion, We can reach the idea that the origin of Qigong derives from Korean tradition, not that of China. The tradition of mystic hermits was transformed to ego-centric seclusionism when it faced the anarchy of Warring states period in China, whereas it was developed into humane proriety and worship of Heaven base on the programme of 'universal fraternity in pursuit of interst for man'. In prospect, it is highly required to develop and interpret traditional discipline methods in Korea so as to utilize them for clinical Qigong in practice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.554-560
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• 2007

This study was aimed to identify the effect of abdominal moxibustion on premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in university students. The data were collected by using questionnaires from April 25, 2005 to June 20, 2005. The subjects were university students from in the Pusan metropolitan area who had complained of menstrual discomfort. Thirteen students were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen students to the control group. The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. In the research method pretest were conducted through measurement based on scores of general character, menstrual character, premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in the experimental group and the control group. Experimentation was conducted by abdominal moxibustion being applied on the kwan-won hole and Ki-hae hole for 25 minutes at a time, three times a week, form the ending of one menstrual cycle to the beginning of the next menstrual cycle were in the experimental group. After treatment was finished, post tests conducted through measurement based on scores of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in the experimental group. The control group conducted a point of same time and same measurement with the experimental group. The instruments used in this study MDQ(Menstual Distress Questionnaire) developed by moos(1968) and the VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) developed by Cline(1992). The data were analysed by SPSS/ win 12.0 program with ${\chi}$2-test and t-test to verify identification among subjects' general characteristics and menstrual characteristics. Hypothesis verification was analysed with t-test. The results of the study are as follows: The hypothesis, 'the experimental group who received abdominal moxibustion will decrease premenstrual symptoms more than the control group', was supported (t= -2.121, p=.022). The hypothesis, 'the experimental group who received adbominal moxibustion will decrease dysmenorrhea compared to the control group', was supported (t=-4.424, p=.001). As a result of this study, abdominal moxibustion will be used as a nursing aide to improve and prevent menstrual discomfort of university students who have premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2004

저장 기간이 서로 다른 종자들을 대상으로 저장 기간에 따른 종자 특성 및 발아특성 변화를 조사하고, 적정 저장 기간 및 저장 조건을 찾고자 실시하였다. 물푸레나무, 산초나무 및 고추나무의 종자는 -18$^{\circ}C$에서 1년, 3년, 10년간 저장된 것을 이용하였으며, 수종별 종자 및 발아 특성과 유묘의 생장 및 생리적 특성을 조사하였다. 3개 수종의 종자 및 발아 특성은 저장 기간 및 수종별 차이를 뚜렷하게 보여주었다. 물푸레나무와 고추나무 종자의 수분함량은 저장기간이 길어지면서 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 종자의 무게도 저장기간이 길어지면서 감소하였는데, 특히 산초나무의 10년간 저장 종자의 생중량 감소가 뚜렷하였으며, 충실율도 10년간 저장 후 크게 낮아졌다. 저장기간은 물푸레나무 및 고추나무 종자의 수분함량 또는 고추나무 종자의 생중량과 부의 상관(r=-0.822, p<0.01)을 나타냈다. 3년 이상 저장된 산초나무 종자의 발아율은 15% 이하로 감소하였으며, 3년간 저장된 고추나무 종자의 발아율은 10.1% 이하로 급격히 하락하였다. 또한 평균발아소요일수는 종자 저장기간이 길어지면서 증가하였는데, 10년간 저장된 물푸레나무, 산초나무 및 고추나무 종자의 평균발아소요일수는 11.9일, 5.7일, 9.7일씩 각각 증가하였다. 물푸레나무와 고추나무 종자의 평균발아소요일수는 수분함량과 부의상관을 보여주었으며, 저장기간과는 정의 상관을 보였다. 그러나 종자의 저장기간에 따른 유묘의 생장 및 활력 차이는 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1378-1382
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• 2008

This study is aim to evaluate pulse diagnosis as indicators for classification of the pattern identifications in stroke patients. To get the clinical information, we recruited the onset 1 month stroke patients through the multicenter network which consists of 13 oriental hospitals. The clinical informations about three pairs of pulse wave form and levels of their significancy based on the case report form (CRF) were collected and their distribution in each pattern identification were analyzed. The results are as follows Fire-Heat group shows high portions of floating pulse, rapid pulse and solid pulse. Qi Defficiency group has a greater portion of deep pulse, slow pulse, deficient pulse. The well-defined character of Phlegm-Retained Fluid, Yin Defficiency, Static Blood groups cannot be explained by pulse wave form. These results show a rough relationship between the pulse diagnosis and pattern identifications of stroke therefore, further studies are required to determine the pulse diagnosis as significant indicators of stroke pattern identification.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.96-117
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• 1995

1. The Pung(風) is the necessary power for growth and maintenance of life. 2. The characteristics of the Pung(風) is the Yang evil, the features for opening and excretion, mobility and rapid change. That is the major cause of all diseases, and its mobility is the main character. 3. Jung Pung(中風) is the same concept of apoplexy in Western medicine. 4. Jung Pung(中風) is classified on the basis of pathology, anatomy, and histology in Western Medicine, but In Oriental Medicine that is classified on the basis of symptom and severity of disease. 5. In Western Medicine, Jung Pung(中風) was regarded as the local cause of disease, but in Oriental Medicine regarded as the physiological changes caused by the weakness of the whole body. 6. In the emergency care, the method of GaeKeum is compared to Levin tubing, the method of to the use of urokinase for the promotion of cerebrovascular circulatio, and the method of To(吐法) to suction for the elimination of Dam(痰), the method of Hun(熏法) to the use of solution for the improvement of circulation. 7. With the comparison of the cause and diagnosis, the hemorrhagic disease and infarction were regarded as the major agents in Western Medicine and the symptom appeared in the patient was the standard of diagnosis and therapy in Oriental Medicine. 8. In the Western therapy of cerebral hemorrhage, the method of coagulation and hemostasis was used for the elimination of hematoma and cerebral edema, but in Oriental Medicine, the method of YanghaelGiHael(凉血止血) was used for descending the PungHwa(風火) and hemostasis. 9. In the period of recovering injury, the physical therapy was underlined for the recovering of partial function in Western Medicine, the method of accupuncture and drug therapy was adapted for the normal function of the whole body.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.25-56
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• 2000

Trace element are involved in enzymatic activities, immunological reactions. physiological mechanisms. Deficiency in some trace elements, such as iron and iodine. is still an important health problem, The role of trace elements deficiency is suspected in various clinical situations and is now confirmed by well designed supplementation studies. However, the importance of trace elements as chinese herbal constituents is not sufficiently appreciated by the oriental medical profession, although in recent years a significant increase of new finding on their essential character in chinese herbal medicine occurred. It is well known that herbal medicine contains a variety of trace elements which would show therapeutic effects with active components in herbal medicine . In china, recent work showed some positive correlation between trace element and traditional chinese medicine (TCM) in terms of therapeutic effects even if their role in therapeutic effects is still obscure. In korea, not much attention has been on the therapeutic importance of trace element contained in herbal medicine Here, the therapeutic effects of trace element in TCM were reviewed and summarized. 1. Iron, copper, zinc and manganese are mainly contained in TCM. In addtion, chromium, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, alminium, cobalt, arsenic and selenium has been studied for their therapeutic effects 2. Zinc, is decreased in patients who have deficiency of kindney(腎虛) and chronic disease. Fe is decreased in patients who have deficiency of blood(血虛). However copper is increased in patients who have chronic disease and hepatic disease.3 Iron concentration is high in herbs used for tonifying and nourishing yin or blood(補陰補血藥) Zinc concentration is high also in herb used for tonifying kidiney and vital essence(補腎補精藥). In addition. copper concentration Is high in herb used for replenishing qi(補氣藥) 4 In herbal drugs, the therapeutic substances in TCM are not only organic but also inorganic. It seems that trace elements would be one of components in herb for its therapeutic effects. This indicates that therapeutic effects of TCM should be extended not only to herb itself, bur also to trace elements contained in herb.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

1. Objectives : In this study we derived constitutional characteristics both by using questionnaire on character and symptom and by collecting objective measurement data through face, body shape. Furthermore, by developing a program, we intend to help one's diagnosis of Sasang constitution. 2. Methods : Through November 2007 to July 2009, we obtained questionnaire, face, and body shape data of 958 constitution confirmed subjects within the age range of 10-80 from 19 oriental medical facilities in the country. According to sex, we divided the subjects into two groups as real constitution and non-constitution group respectively. We analyzed the questionnaire through chi-square test (p<.01) and facial and body shape data through unpaired T-test (p<.01). By using weight law for questionnaire and euclidean distance for body shape and face data, we expressed constitution possibility to develop a supplementary program. 3. Results : The concordance rates of constitutional diagnosis by using the program for Taeeumin, Soeumin, Soyangin are, 76.7%, 61.5%, 67.4% resulting in 69.6% in male and 64.1%, 64.7%, 65.1%, resulting in 64.7% In female respectively. New cases tested on the program showed concordance rate of 65% in male and 62% in female with real constitution. 4. Conclusion : The constitutional diagnostic program based on the face, body shape and questionnaire, may have significant meaning as a supplementary tool in the constitutional diagnosis for clinical expert.