• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.926-933
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to develop a smart wear equipped with wearable technologies for women in the age of 50's and 60's and confirm its acceptability. For this, we constructed a casual jacket that has the integration of heating and lighting function, and evaluated the user's satisfaction. The size of the heating device attached at the back of the jacket was 300 mm in width and 120 mm in length and the size of the one attached at the front abdomen was 180 mm in width and 120 mm in length. The power supplier was the unification of the battery and controller which have been waterproofed. The lighting device connected with LED was 26mm in width, 20 mm in length and 1.5 mm in thickness. It has been designed in a waterproofed rectangular shape and was attachable to the jacket. The satisfaction survey of a smart jacket has been conducted with three standards, which were convenience, appearance and practicality. Free physical movement among the standard of convenience had very high scores with the average of 4.7 on a five point-scale. The acceptability of the jacket was 4.6, which proved that it didn't have unique feelings compared to ordinary ones. The evaluation score of the appearance of the jacket was 4.5. Especially inside finishing of the jacket received the highest scores from all ages. According to the evaluation of practicality, there has been no change in the appearance of the jacket and the function of heating device after laundry.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1260-1262
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• 2002

A particular type of ginseng that grows in mountainous regions of Korea is known as Sansam, a term meaning literally mountain grown ginseng. Sansam has recently gained a reputation among some Korean people who believe its health benefits are superior to that of other types of ginseng. Misuse of Sansam has resulted from misinformation that has circulated about the health benefits of its use. Due to insufficient study and research, Korean Oriental Medicine academia does not presently have enough credible information about Sansam to properly educate the public in its use. However, we do have a responsibility to perform adequate study and research so that correct information may be provided. To date, only cursory investigation of the physical characteristics of the Sansam plant have been conducted. This limited investigation was performed in July 2002, at Sobaek Mountain. The branches, leaves, stems, peduncles, fruits, and roots (head, main and fine roots) were observed. The fine roots grew and spread in a large area around the main roots so that harvesting the plants required digging out the soil a considerable distance from the main roots. The plants grew in a northwesterly direction, with a gradient of 40 degrees. They had four branches. Three of the branches had six leaves, while one had five leaves. Each plant had 40 fruits. The roots of the plants grew in a shape similar the Chinese character for mountain. The roots were milky in color. The average weight of the plants was 42.5 grams.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2012

Due to a high tidal range of up to 10 m on the west coast of Korea, numerous tidal current projects are being planned and constructed. The turbine, which initially converts the tidal energy, is an important component because it affects the efficiency of the entire system. Its performance is determined by design variables such as the number of blades, the shape of foils, and the size of a hub. To design a turbine that can extract the maximum power on the site, the depth and duration of current velocity with respect to direction should be considered. Verifying the performance of a designed turbine is important, and requires a circulating water channel (CWC) facility. A physical model for the performance test of the turbine should be carefully designed and compared to results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. In this study, a horizontal axis tidal current turbine is designed based on the blade element theory. The proposed turbine's performance is evaluated using both CFD and a CWC experiment. The sealing system, power train, measuring devices, and generator are arranged in a nacelle, and the complete TCP system is demonstrated in a laboratory scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.647-652
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• 2008

This paper focused on the application of finite element model updating technique to evaluate the structural properties of the reinforced concrete specimen using the data collected from shaking table tests. The specimen was subjected to six El Centro(NS, 1942) ground motion histories with different Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA) ranging from 0.06g to 0.50g. For model updating, flexural stiffness values of structural members(walls and slabs) were chosen as the updating parameters so that the converged results have direct physical interpretations. Initial values for finite element model were determined from the member dimensions and material properties. Frequency response functions(i.e. transfer functions), natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained using the acceleration measurement at each floor and given ground acceleration history. The weighting factors were used to account for the relative confidence in different types of inputs for updating(i.e. transfer function and natural frequencies). The constraints based on upper/lower bound of parameters and sensitivity-based constraints were implemented to the updating procedure in this study using standard bounded variable least-squares(BVLS) method. The veracity of the updated finite element model was investigated by comparing the predicted and measured responses. The results indicated that the updated model replicates the dynamic behavior of the specimens reasonably well. At each stage of shaking, severity of damage that results from cracking of the reinforced concrete member was quantified from the updated parameters(i.e. flexural stiffness values).

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-168
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• 2015

Dynamic aeroelastic behavior of structurally nonlinear Joined Wings is presented. Three configurations, two characterized by a different location of the joint and one presenting a direct connection between the two wings (SensorCraft-like layout) are investigated. The snap-divergence is studied from a dynamic perspective in order to assess the real response of the configuration. The investigations also focus on the flutter occurrence (critical state) and postcritical phenomena. Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) are observed, possibly followed by a loss of periodicity of the solution as speed is further increased. In some cases, it is also possible to ascertain the presence of period doubling (flip-) bifurcations. Differences between flutter (Hopf's bifurcation) speed evaluated with linear and nonlinear analyses are discussed in depth in order to understand if a linear (and thus computationally less intense) representation provides an acceptable estimate of the instability properties. Both frequency- and time-domain approaches are compared. Moreover, aerodynamic solvers based on the potential flow are critically examined. In particular, it is assessed in what measure more sophisticated aerodynamic and interface models impact the aeroelastic predictions. When the use of the tools gives different results, a physical interpretation of the leading mechanism generating the mismatch is provided. In particular, for PrandtlPlane-like configurations the aeroelastic response is very sensitive to the wake's shape. As a consequence, it is suggested that a more sophisticate modeling of the wake positively impacts the reliability of aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis. For SensorCraft-like configurations some LCOs are characterized by a non-synchronous motion of the inner and outer portion of the lower wing: the wing's tip exhibits a small oscillation during the descending or ascending phase, whereas the mid-span station describes a sinusoidal-like trajectory in the time-domain.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.44-52
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• 1996

Acoustical characteristics of internal pipe structures and a loudspeaker of the thermoacoustic refrigerator are analyzed by using the transfer matrix method. The resonator system is dismantled into verious basic acoustic elements, and then linearized transfer matrices are serially combined with the dynamical system of linearized loudspeaker model, that the total system of thermoacoustic refrigerator can be analyzed in terms of frequency characteristics and acoustic field shape. Additionally, by using equations for energy flow through the capillary stack, the temperature distribution over the stack is numerically estimated. After expressing the acoustic work flow, thermoacoustic flow, and energy loss per unit length in a single capillary duct by using the transverse functional variations, overall energy flow rate and energy balance are obtained for the whole capillary stack. The final expression for energy flow through the stack is numerically evaluated by varying physical parameters obtained from the sound field analysis. After confirming good agreements between predicted and experimental results for the interior sound field of a refrigerator model, the thermoacoustic characteristics of Hofler's apparatus is analyzed by the proposed method and it is observed that the results agree well with Hofler's experimental results.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.101-105
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• 2016

Recently, the hydrophobic surface has been attracted because of the excellent opto-physical properties. Various processing methods such as chemical, mechanical, photolithographic and laser processing are competitively introduced for fabrication of hydrophobic surface of polymer, metal and ceramics. In this paper, we fabricated the hydrophobic surface of copper metal by simple method which irradiated 355 nm UV-pulsed laser in order to shape microgrooves and increased surface roughness through oxidation process at room temperature. Finally the contact angle is dramatically increased by maximum $45^{\circ}$, as a result of oxidation which simply created nanostructures on the microstructures without expensive chemical process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2290-2294
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• 2014

For the present study, rhEGF was encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The SLNs were prepared by the $W_1/O/W_2$ double emulsification method combined with the high pressure homogenization method and the physical properties such as particle size, zeta-potential and encapsulation efficiency were measured. The overall particle morphology of SLNs was investigated using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The percutaneous skin permeation and accumulation property of rhEGF was evaluated using Franz diffusion cell system along with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The mean particle size of rhEGF-loaded SLNs was $104.00{\pm}3.99nm$ and the zeta-potential value was in the range of -$36.99{\pm}0.54mV$, providing a good colloidal stability. The TEM image revealed a spherical shape of SLNs about 100 nm and the encapsulation efficiency was $18.47{\pm}0.22%$. The skin accumulation of rhEGF was enhanced by SLNs. CLSM image analysis provided that the rhEGF rat skin accumulation is facilitated by an entry of SLNs through the pores of skin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.128-141
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• 1996

The pourpose of this study is to determine the exact size which can be the basic elements of the fashion design with the measurement of middle-aged women's body, and to grasp the peculiar tomato type of the middle-aged women by compacting each measurement and examing the change of body shape. Making 215 house wives about 40 to 55 years old the subject of this research, we measured the body size from June to August, 1994. After analyzing the data through the 43 item.; of the body measurement, grasping the characteristics of the tomato type, we classified three types of physical standard and looked into the element of body structure. The results were as follows; 1. The average Rohrer index of middle-aged women in Tas-gu is about 1.5 and they usually seem to be fat compared with other groups. 2. Age has much influence on the body change of middle-aged women. Especially around 45 years old, the body change showed remarkable. 3. When analyzing the elements of the body measurement, the biggest elements of middle -aged women's body structure are in the items of width, thickness and girth related to the expansion of body line. Therefore in the middle age, the thickness and the girth have more influence on the human body than the height and the length, so the items of thickness and girth is the most important factor in the somato type. 4. In the slim body and standard body, the thirst factor is the items of height and length related to vertical size and the second is the items of width and thickness and girth. In ice fat body the first factor is the items of width, thickness, girth and the second is those of height, length. Unlike other body shapes, the fat body has many factors, which shows that the fat body has much variation in each part in proportion to fatness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to understand how regulatory mechanisms respond to sugar status for more efficient carbon utilization and source-sink regulation in plants. So, we need to identify and characterize many components of sugar-response pathways for a better understanding of sugar responses. For this end, genes responding change of sugar status were screened using Arabidpsis cDNA arrays, and confirmed thirty-six genes to be regulated by sucrose supply in detached leaves by RNA blot analysis. Eleven of them encoding proteins for amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were repressed by sugars. The remaining genes induced by sugar supply were for protein synthesis including ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. Among them, I focused on three hydrolase genes encoding putative $\beta$-galactosidase, $\beta$-xylosidase, and $\beta$-glucosidase that were transcriptionally induced in sugar starvation. Homology search indicated that these enzymes were involved in hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides. In addition to my results, recent transcriptome analysis suggested multiple genes for cell wall degradation were induced by sugar starvation. Thus, I hypothesized that enzyme for cell wall degradation were synthesized and secreted to hydrolyze cell wall polysaccharides producing carbon source under sugar-starved conditions. In fact, the enzymatic activities of these three enzymes increased in culture medium of Arabidopsis suspension cells under sugar starvation. The $\beta$-galactosidase encoded by At5g56870 was identified as a secretory protein in culture medium of suspension cells by mass spectrometry analysis. This protein was specifically detected under sugar-starved condition with a specific antibody. Induction of these genes was repressed in suspension cells grown with galactose, xylose and glucose as well as with sucrose. In planta, expression of the genes and protein accumulation were detected when photosynthesis was inhibited. Glycosyl hydrolase activity against galactan also increased during sugar starvation. Further, contents of cell wall polysaccharides especially pectin and hemicellulose were markedly decreased associating with sugar starvation in detached leaves. The amount of monosaccharide in pectin and hemicellulose in detached leaves decreased in response to sugar starvation. These results supported my idea that cell wall has one of function to supply carbon source in addition to determination of cell shape and physical support of plant bodies.