• 제목/요약/키워드: Physical and chemical properties of soil

검색결과 380건 처리시간 0.041초

Effect of Rice Bran and Wood Charcoal on Soil Properties and Yield of Continuous Cropping of Red Pepper

  • Won, J.G.;Jang, K.S.;Hwang, J.E.;Kwon, O.H.;Jeon, S.G.;Park, S.G.;Park, K.C.;Suh, Y.J.
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제19권spc호
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    • pp.218-221
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    • 2011
  • To improve the soil properties of physical and microbial community rice bran and wood charcoal were applied in the continuously cultivated plastic film house soil. Soil physical properties were improved by application of rice bran and charcoal compared to chemical fertilizer application (control) by 8~14% in bulk density and 5~9% in soil porosity. Changes in the biological ratio indexes of fatty acids in the soils were detected depending on the inputted materials. Especially in application of rice bran including mixture with charcoal, much more fungi and less bacteria were detected and the ratio of fungi to bacteria was increased, suggesting the more organic carbon metabolically active in these treatments. The high ratio of aerobe to anaerobe suggested the better aerobic conditions were in the soil inputted wood charcoal. From these results, it is important and possible to select some materials for the organic pepper cultivation, which may improve the poor condition soil.

Physical and Chemical Weathering Indices for Biotite Granite and Granitic Weathered Soil in Gyeongju

  • Ban, Jae-Doo;Moon, Seong-Woo;Lee, Seong-Won;Lee, Joo-Gong;Seo, Yong-Seok
    • 지질공학
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.451-462
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    • 2017
  • Physical weathering caused by external forces and chemical weathering caused by the decomposition or alteration of constituent materials are the two factors that dominate the mechanical properties of rocks. In this study, a field investigation was undertaken to identify the physical and chemical weathering characteristics of the biotite granite and granitic weathered soils in Gyeongju, South Korea. Samples were collected according to their grade of weathering and subjected to modal analysis, XRD analysis, XRF analysis, physical property tests, particle size distribution tests, and slake durability tests. Modal and XRD analysis identified these rocks as biotite granite; secondary alteration minerals were not observed. Physical property tests and particle size distribution analyses indicate an average porosity of 41.28% and a sand content of > 90 wt.%. These values are somewhat higher than those of granites in general. The results of the slake durability test and XRF analyses show that the physical and chemical weathering indices of the samples vary with the degree of weathering.

광양만 바다 준설 매립지 느티나무의 식재 지반별 토양 이화학적 특성 (The Physico-chemical Properties of the Soil at the Grounds of Replanted Zelkova serrata (Thunberg) Markino in Reclaimed Land from the Sea, Gwangyang Bay)

  • 김도균;박종민
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to analyze physicochemical properties according to the soil height and to the six types of sites that were used as planting ground in the reclaimed land from the sea, Gwangyang Bay. The physicochemical properties of the soil types were tested by t-test(p<0.01, 0.05), at each of the 6 planting ground sites(p<0.01, 0.05), and at each height(p<0.01) of the planting grounds. These areas were tested by ANOVA and were significantly different. Improved soil was better than reclaimed soil from the sea for Zelkova growth because the improved soil contained lower amounts of pH, ECe, N $a^{+}$, $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$ SAR. Due to freedom from variables such as salt content in the underground as well as the physical and chemical disturbance of the soil, favorable planting ground for tree growth was recorded at the higher grounds than at the lower ones. Soil detriment to the tree growth in the studied sites included elements such as soil hardness, and the distribution of sodium in the tree root systems. The planting grounds for the favorable growth of landscape trees were determined in the following order: the grounds of mounding> the coved ground of improved soil, and the filled ground of improved soil.l.l.l.

Geographical features and types and changes of agricultural land uses in North Korea

  • Lee, Kyo-Suk;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Lee, Dong-Sung;Hong, Byeong-Deok;Seo, Il-Hwan;Kim, Sung Chul;Chung, Doug-Young
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.205-217
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    • 2019
  • The aim of this study was to identify land resources because food production and supply in North Korea have been at risk due to variations in its seasonal climate. More than three-fifths of the soils are locally derived from the weathering of granitic rocks or various kinds of schists developed from crystalline rocks. Well-developed reddish brown soils derived from limestone are found in the North Hwanghae province and in the southern part of the South Pyeongan province. Additionally, a narrow strip of similarly fertile land runs through the eastern seaboard of the Hamgyong and Kangwon Provinces. The loss of clay particles and organic matter are major causes of degradation in the soil physical and chemical properties in North Korea. 75% of the areas converted from forests became croplands, and 69% of the land converted to croplands came from forests. The net forest loss was quite small from the 1990s to the 2000s. However, deforestation in areas with a slightly lower elevation and gentler slope between 1997 and 2014 led to severe soil erosion resulting in a drastic change in the physical and chemical properties of the soil which influenced cropland stability and productivity. Therefore, the drastic changes in land cover as well as in the physical and chemical properties of the soil caused by various geographical features have seriously influenced the productivity of crops in North Korea.

Fly Ash가 토양(土壤)의 물화학성(物化學性)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effect of fly ash on the physico-chemical properties)

  • 박만;허남호;최정
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.133-137
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    • 1991
  • Fly ash가 토양(土壤)의 화학성(化學性) 및 물리성(物理性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 규명(糾明)하기 위하여 Fly ash를 증류수(蒸溜水) 및 0.5N-acetic acia로 추출하여 각종 무기성분(無機成分)의 용출량(溶出量)을 측정(測定)하고 Fly ash를 토양(土壤)에 처리(處理)한 경우 토양물리성(土壤物理性)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. Fly ash의 주요결정광물(主要結晶鑛物)은 mullite와 석영(石英)이었다. 증류수(蒸溜水)보다 Acetic acid로 Fly ash를 추출(抽出)할 경우 훨씬 많은 양(量)의 무기성분(無機成分)이 용출(溶出)되었다. 이때 Si 및 Al는 증류수(蒸溜水)에 의(依)해서 거의 용출(溶出)되지 않았다. 토양(土壤)의 투수성(透水性) 및 포장용수량(圃場容水量)은 Fly ash를 토양(土壤)에 10% 이하(以下) 첨가(添加)하면 향상(向上)되었으나 그 이상(以上) 처리시(處理時)에는 저하(低下)되었다. 토양(土壤)의 신축성(伸縮性) 및 경도(硬度)는 Fly ash를 10% 이하(以下)로 처리(處理)할 경우 큰 영향(影響)을 받지 않았다.

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경주 남산의 토양 이화학적 특성 (Soil physio-chemical properties of Mt. NamSan on Kyungju in Korea)

  • 허태철;주성현
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • 제23권
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 경주남산의 산림토양의 이화학적 특성을 분석하여 산림의 다목적이용과 남산의 산림보호 관리에 도움을 주고자 실시하였다. 조사지는 각 층위별로 토양성분을 분석하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 남산 산림토양의 물리적 특성은 토심이 31.4cm 이고 유효토심은 20.0cm 였으며 유기물층의 깊이는 5.9cm였다. 계곡부를 제외한 다른 조사지의 토성은 사질 양토이었다. 전체 토양 pH는 평균 4.76으로 우리나라 산림토양의 평균보다 낮게 나타났으며 유효인산의 함량은 평균 3.64로 유효인산의 함량이 매우 적은 것으로 나타났다. 치환성양이온($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$)의 함량은 우리나라 산림토양의 함량과 보다 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며 특히 $Ca^{2+}$함량은 우리나라 산림토양의 평균 $2.44cmol_c/kg$보다 낮은 함량인 $1.04cmol_c/kg$를 나타내었다.

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Comparison of Soil Pore Properties between Anthropogenic and Natural Paddy Field Soils From Computed Tomographic Images

  • Chun, Hyen Chung;Jung, Ki-Yuol;Choi, Young Dae;Jo, Su-min;Lee, Sanghun;Hyun, Byung-Keun;Shin, Kooksik;Sonn, Yeonkyu;Kang, Hang-Won
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제48권5호
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    • pp.351-360
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    • 2015
  • Human influence on soil formation has dramatically increased with human civilization and industry development. Increase of anthropogenic soils induced researches on the anthropogenic soils; classification, chemical and physical characteristics of anthropogenic soils and plant growth from anthropogenic soils. However there have been no comprehensive analyses on soil pore or physical properties of anthropogenic soils from 3 dimensional images in Korea. The objectives of this study were to characterize physical properties of anthropogenic paddy field soils by depth and to find differences between natural and anthropogenic paddy field soils. Soil samples were taken from two anthropogenic and natural paddy field soils; anthropogenic (A_c) and natural (N_c) paddy soils with topsoil of coarse texture and anthropogenic (A_f) and natural (N_f) paddy soils with topsoil of fine texture. The anthropogenic paddy fields were reestablished during the Arable Land Remodeling Project from 2011 to 2012 and continued rice farming after the project. Natural paddy fields had no artificial changes or disturbance in soil layers up to 1m depth. Samples were taken at three different depths and analyzed for routine physical properties (texture, bulk density, etc.) and pore properties with computer tomography (CT) scans. The CT scan provided 3 dimensional images at resolution of 0.01 mm to calculate pore radius size, length, and tortuosity of soil pores. Fractal and configuration entropy analyses were applied to quantify pore structure and analyze spatial distribution of pores within soil images. The results of measured physical properties showed no clear trend or significant differences across depths or sites from all samples, except the properties from topsoils. The results of pore morphology and spatial distribution analyses provided detailed information of pores affected by human influences. Pore length and size showed significant decrease in anthropogenic soils. Especially, pores of A_c had great decrease in length compared to N_c. Fractal and entropy analyses showed clear changes of pore distributions across sites. The topsoil layer of A_c showed more degradation of pore structure than that of N_c, while pores of A_f topsoil did not show significant degradation compared with those of N_f. These results concluded that anthropogenic soils with coarse texture may have more effects on pore properties than ones with fine texture. The reestablished paddy fields may need more fundamental remediation to improve physical conditions.

지속적 농업을 위한 고성능 토양의 개발 연구-I. 계분 및 돈분퇴비의 연용이 방울토마토(Lycopersicum esculentum var. cerasiforme)의 생육 및 토양의 이화학성에 미치는 영향 (Study on the Improvement of Soil for High Efficient and Sustainable Agriculture-I. Effect of Repeated Application of Chicken and Pig Manure Composts on Tomato Growth and Soil Physico-chemical Properties)

  • 조성현;이인복;장기운
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.451-456
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    • 1998
  • 지속적농업을 위한 고성능토양을 개발하기 위하여 방울토마토를 공시작물로 계분 및 돈분퇴비를 3년간 연용하면서 방울토마토의 생육 및 수량, 그리고 연용후 토양이화학성을 조사하였다. 계분 및 돈분퇴비의 사용량과 시용 횟수가 증가할수록 토마토의 생육량 및 과실수량은 유의성 있게 증가하였으며, 뚜렷한 경향은 없으나 대체로 과실의 당도와 과실 개체당 중량 역시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 계분 및 돈분퇴비만 사용할 경우 가비중과 경도는 현저히 낮고 공극율은 높았으며, 유기물과 치환성 칼륨의 함량은 높은 반면 치환성 칼슘의 함량이 낮아 일부 토양의 물리성과 화학성이 적정범위에 미달하거나 초과하는 불균형이 나타났다. 결론적으로 퇴비와 화학비료의 조화있는 활용을 통한 지력증진이 필요하다.

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골프장에 사용되는 4가지 토양개량제들의 혼합비율에 따른 토양이화학성의 변화 (Change of Soil Physicochemical Properties by Mixed Ratio of 4 Types of Soil Amendments Used in Golf Course)

  • 김영선;함선규;임혜정
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.205-210
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 코스조성에 주로 사용되는 4종의 토양개량제의 혼합비율에 따른 모래상토의 물리화학적 특성변화를 조사한 결과이다. 토양개량제의 혼합비율에 따라 상토의 물리화학성을 조사한 결과 peat, humate, peatmoss 및 zeolite는 pH와 CEC에서 고도의 상관성(P<0.01)을 나타내어 토양개량제의 특성에 따라 상토의 토양화학성에 영향을 주었다. 상토의 토양물리성 결과를 통해 USGA 기준으로 평가할 때, 최적의 혼합비율은 토양개량제 peat, humate 및 peatmoss는 각각 5%, 3%, 7%이고, zeolite에서는 적합한 비율을 찾을 수 없었다. 각 토양개량제들의 혼합에 따른 토양물리성 변화에서 가장 중요한 요인은 비모세관공극으로 총공극과 수리전도도의 변화에 영향을 미쳤다. 토양개량제의 혼합비율에 따른 토양개선효과를 비교할 때, peat와 peatmoss는 토양 모세관공극 및 수리전도도에서, humate는 수리전도도에서, zeolite는 비모세관공극과 총공극에서 고도의 상관성을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 이들 결과를 통해 골프코스의 상토조성에 사용되는 토양개량제의 종류와 특성 및 혼합비율이 USGA 상토의 근권층 개량과 토양 이 화학성에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

밭작물 토양물리성 지표관련 인자의 상관분석 (Correlation between the Factors of Soil Physical Property in Upland Soil)

  • 김찬용;서영진;권태영;박준홍;허민순;하상건
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.793-797
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    • 2010
  • 경북지역내 밭토양 20지점을 선정하여 토양속별로 토양물리성의 주요 지표인 용적밀도와 토양경도에 대한 토양층위별 분포비율을 분석한 결과 밭토양의 표토의 용적밀도는 전체평균값인 1.2 Mg $m^{-3}$ 보다는 높게 분포되어 있었으며, 표토의 경도는 일반작물의 정상생육 범위인 20 mm 보다는 낮게 분포되어 있어, 정상생육에는 크게 지장은 없으나 토양물리성은 전반적으로 악화되어 있는것으로 나타났다. 이들 토양물리성 특성별 회귀식에 의한 용적밀도와 경도의 결정계수는 0.325로 용적밀도와 유기물함량의 결정계수 0.093보다는 높게 나타났으며, 이들 주요 물리성 지표와 토양유기물 함량과는 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 토양의 물리성은 작물의 생육과 밀접한 관련이 있으며, 이러한 물리성을 대표할 수 있는 인자는 용적밀도와 토양경도 등이었다. 용적밀도와 토양경도가 낮을수록 작물생육이 양호한 것으로 보고되어 있으며, 분석결과 이들 값, 특히 토양의 유기물 함량과 상관관계가 높은것으로 나타나 밭토양의 물리성 개선을 위해서는 토양의 유기물 함량을 높이는 방안이 강구되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.