• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-84
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the iontophoresis, phonophoresis method to enhance skin absorption of lipolytic compounds. Of 24 female obesity subjects, 7 treated a gel types of seaweed extract only(control group) and 10 treated in combination with the iontophoresis(experimental group I) and 7 treated in combination with the phonophoresis(experimental group II). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 2 weeks, treated with 2 times a day about $10m{\ell}$ on the abdomen, triceps, thigh and superior ilium, respectively. Experimental group treat with the iontophoresis and phonophoresis during 5 minutes immediately after topical treatment. After one and two weeks of topical treatment, measured body weight, body fat, skinfolds thickness respectively. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed serum lipids. The results were as follows; 1) There were decrement of body weight, $\%$ of body fat, superior ilium, triceps and thigh thickness between pre and post treatment in all group. Especially, there were more decrement of body weight, $\%$ of body fat in the iontophoresis treated group. 2) There were decrement in total CHOL, LDL, TRIG and increment in HDL in all group. These phenomena were predominant in the iontophoresis treated group. CHOL decrement in the experimental group were significant after two weeks iontophoresis treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 1994

The possibility of reusing the paper sludge as a raw material of composition board mixed with cement was investigated. For the measurement of physical and mechanical properties, wood coment board and sludge combinend cement boards were fabricated with the three weigh ratios of paper sludge 10 % (SI), 20 % (S II) and 30 % (S III) to cement weight. For adding the cement hardning, $CaCl_2$ was also added to each mixed paste with the ratio of 1 %, 3 % and 5 % to cement weight, respectively. Crystal formation in paper sludge-, wood-cement composites was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Density and partial compressive strength of each specimens were relatively high in the order of sludge I, sludge II, Korean pine, Italian poplar and sludge III, sludge I, Korean pine, sludge II, Italian poplar and sludge III. 2. The mechanical properties of sludge-cement boards (S I and II) were higher than that of wood-cement boards prepared with Korean pine and Italian poplar. But the mechanical properties of wood-cement boards were improved by the adding of $CaCl_2$. 3. Water absorption and thickness swelling were increased with increase of sludge content to cement weight. 4. In SEM observation, sludge-cement composites showed sufficiently formed crystals but wood-cement composites showed poorly formed crystals.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.5 s.118
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• pp.38-46
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• 2006

Many researches for extensive uses of Hanji have been performed. With the advent of an information-oriented age, the development of Hanji which is printable has been considered as a new field of study. Since Hanji has many drawbacks in comparison with common printing papers, that is, rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower physical properties and printabilities. Improving the properties and printabilities of Hanji is therefore the most important work to deal with. This study was conducted to find out useful mixed agents for surface sizing suitable for printable Hanji. Four surface sizing agents (CMC, corn starch, PYA, AKD) were applied for mixture in this study. The physical properties of surface sized Hanji were measured. Results obtained were as follows. Based on designated agents according to concentration, each of the mixed agents was prepared. The kinds of mixture were corn starch (3%) and PVA (5%), corn starch (3%) and AKD (0.1%), corn starch (3%) and CMC (1%), AKD (0.1%) and CMC (1%), AKD (0.1%) and PVA (5%), CMC (1%) and PVA (5%). Each mixed surface sizing agents was included with these ratios (100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 10:90, 0:100) respectively. All the mixed agents improved the physical properties and printabilities of Hanji. Among them, mixed agent of CMC (1%) and corn starch (3%) with 90:10 ratio is superior to the others for not only smoothness but also ink printability. In view of the result achieved, it is regarded that it can be fit for using Hanji as a printing paper and turned out to be a good contribution to Hanji industry.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2022

With the improvements in computer technologies, utilization of image processing techniques has increased in many areas (such as medicine, defence industry, other industries etc.) Many different image processing techniques are used for surface analysis, detection of manufacturing defects, and determination of physical and mechanical characteristics of composite materials. In this study, cementitious composites were obtained by addition of Grounded Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS), Styrene Butadiene polymer (SBR), and Grounded Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag and Styrene Butadiene polymer together (GGBFS+SBR). Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads were added to these cementitious composites in different ratios (20%, 40% and 60%). The mechanical and physical characteristics of the composites were determined, and homogeneity indexes of the composites were determined by image processing techniques to determine EPS distribution forms in them. Physical and mechanical characteristics of the produced samples were obtained by applying consistency, density, water absorption, compressive strength (7 and 28 days), flexural strength (7 and 28 days) and tensile splitting strength (7 and 28 days) tests on them. Also, visual examination by using digital microscope, and image analysis by using image processing techniques with open source coded ImageJ program were performed. As a result of the study, it is determined that GGBFS and SBR addition strengthens the adhesion sites formed as it increases the adhesion power of the mixture and helps to get rid of the segregation problem caused by EPS. As a result of the image processing analysis it is demonstrated that GGBFS and SBR addition has positive contribution on homogeneity index.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1614-1616
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• 1999

Epoxy resin has been used as matrix resin of advanced composites owing to ideally suitable properties and inherent physical and chemical properties for electrical and electronic insulation. In this paper, in order to evaluate the performance of epoxy composites for out door insulation, variations of tracking resistance were investigated on the complex ageing parameter. Also, IPN methods were introduced in order to improve performance for out door use. As a result, it was confirmed that tracking resistance were degraded with complex ageing parameters. But, it was confirmed that specimen of IPN structure have the better tracking resistance properties than SIN structure by moisture absorption aging.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 1993

Syntheses and properties of zwitterionic dithiocarbamates and their nickel(Ⅱ) complexes are described. The complexes have been characterized by mass infrared and electronic absorption spectroscopy, and conductivity measurement. Ni(Ⅱ)-dithiocarbamato complexes are soluble in polar solvents such as water, methanol, and acetone etc. The possible structures were proposed on the basis of elemental analyses and physical properties.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

It has been used that fluorinated compounds could be applied to cosmetic products. It is that fluorinated conpounds are hydrophobicity and lipophobicity. These fluorinated compounds are reported to form a highly protective and effective film against most aggressive chemical and physical agents. PerfluropolymethyoisopropylEther has homophobicity and are colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-greasy. In this we made a success to formulate the new type of hand care cream using PFPE. PFPE are suitable thickness and chemical inertness to skin. The reason that we select PFPE for this investigation. We developed the new type hand care cream by adsorption and dispersion of PFPE. There are very stable dispersion and highly moisture diffusion control. And these characteristics were verified by actual consumer test.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2014

Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) made from waste concrete is not a suitable structural material as it has high absorption of cement mortar, which adheres on the aggregate surface and on the tiny cracks thereon. Therefore, when using RCA made from waste concrete, much water must be added with the concrete, and slump loss occurs when transporting. Hence, its workability is significantly worse than that of other materials. In this study, surface of RCA was coated with water-soluble polycarboxylate (PC) dispersant so that its characteristics improved. Each possibility was evaluated: whether its slump loss can be controlled, by measuring its workability based on the elapsed time; and whether it can be used as a structural material, by measuring its strength. Moreover, the carbonation due to cement mortar adhesion was measured through a carbonation test. As a result, RCA coated with PC dispersant was found to be better than crushed coarse aggregate and RCA when the physical properties of the fresh concrete and the mechanical, durability of the hardened concrete were tested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

This study is intended to develop the new concrete block for planting through investigating weight and basic physical properties, varying the shapes of concrete block for planting. According to the results, unit weight, void ratio and absorption water ratio of concrete block show 1625kg/$m^3M$ 30%, and 7.7% respectively, and pH is small, compared with non neutralization and pH is below 8.5 after 7 days elapses. The compressive strength of concrete block for planting shows 38kgf/$cm^2$ at the age of 7 days, and 50kgf/$cm^2$ at the age of 28 days respectively. As the number of the hole is many and the area of hollow is large, weight of developed concrete block for planting grow light. Weight of optimum scheme with 2 hollow is reduced by 25%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.323-328
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• 2002

The 1995 devastating Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake sent mental shock waves that awakened the public concern about the seismic performance of infrastructures in Korea. Seismic safety of reinforced concrete bridge piers could be secured through sufficient strength and stiffness of longitudinal steels and confined core concrete, and through ductile behaviour of bridge piers in the inelastic range. This study has been performed to verify the effect of lap spliced longitudinal steel for the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge piers. Quasi-static test has been done to investigate the physical seismic performance of RC bridge piers, such as displacement ductility, energy absorption etc.