• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

On entering new millenium, there has been an important switchover in the divergent View and its cases on commercial marketing. This study is to focus on the related influence factors of the optician's marketing. Aiming to improve the relationship of the manager and the manager and the clients, this study tried to find out the influences of the marketing. We defined quality of relation as three element, trust, satisfaction, absorption. We investigated how it influenced optician's characters, goods, service, price, physical convenience and communication to the quality of relation. Moreover, we investigated how it influenced optician characters like knowledge information, good impression, contact and relation marketing of dissatisfaction solution, also quality of relation could or not influence about repurchase intension and Big Mouth marketing. Optician's characters affect on affirmative effect to trust and absorption, but little affirmative effect to satisfaction. Since optician's characters are trust and absorption rather than satisfaction influence, they actively should improve customer-oriented variety of goods, service, physical convenience, communication. As price and communication structure of optician was formed so not modernized, we realized these have not influenced their trust, satisfaction, absorption to customer. Optician's characters influenced more affirmative effect to satisfaction than thrust and absorption. quality of relations mostly provided affirmative effect to the result of relation. The opticians should make efforts to influence on customer satisfied with goods and service, also to have trust and absorption for customer, should maintain good partnership with customer.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.158-165
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• 2017

The physical shape of an ultrasound transducer has not been considered in previous studies of the photoacoustic saturation effect, where a photoacoustic signal's magnitude linearly increases as an absorption coefficient increases and it is finally saturated. In this paper, the effect of a spherically focused ultrasound transducer on photoacoustic nonlinearity is investigated. The focused ultrasound transducer's spatial filtering effect on photoacoustic signals is analytically derived considering the combined concept of a virtual point detector and Green function approach. The ultrasound transducer's temporal response (i.e., transfer function) effect on photoacoustic signals is considered by integrating photoacoustic signal values within the absorption area covered by a spatial resolution of the ultrasound transducer. Results from the analytically derived expression show that the magnitude of photoacoustic signals measured by a spherical focused ultrasound transducer shows a maximum at a specific absorption coefficient, and decreases after that maximum point as an absorption coefficient is increased. The origin of this photoacoustic nonlinearity is physically understood by comparing the ultrasound transducer's transfer functions and photoacoustic resonance spectra. In addition, this physical interpretation implies that the photoacoustic nonlinearity is strongly dependent on the irradiance distribution inside an absorption medium.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2005

The absorption characteristics and their physical properties of hot air, vacuum and freeze dried soybean curd powder were investigated. Absorption conditions were at 5, 15, and 25 t with $0.11\~0.93$ water activities. Equilibrium moisture content and the monolayer moisture content determined by prediction models showed highest value in the freeze dried soybean curd powder due to porous structure. Absorption energy decreased with increasing water activity was not affected by drying method. In the comparisons of the isothermal absorption models, Oswin model generally was the best fit model for isothermal adsorption of soybean curd powder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2023

In this study, the properties of various material combinations were evaluated and an ideal material for fabricating protection pads for women's army combat uniforms was determined. Eight specimens were used for the evaluation: two types of materials, namely thermoplastic polyurethane for 3D printing, T and ethylene-vinyl acetate, E; two infill densities, namely 10%, 10 and 30%, 30; two types of pad designs, i.e., without holes, A and with holes, B; 2×2×2=8 and control E. The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact absorption, and weight of these specimens were evaluated. Results revealed that E was the most flexible material; however, its tensile strength and impact absorption were very low. Protection pads made from T (T-10A, T-10B, T-30A, and T-30B) had excellent tensile strength and impact absorption; however, they had low performance in ease of movement. Alternatively, protection pad with holes and an infill density of 30% produced using a combination of T and E had a high initial tensile modulus and exhibited excellent impact absorption. Moreover, it was flexible and light, which satisfies the standards and conditions required by protection pads. However, if T-E-10A and T-E-30B exhibited low impact absorption, as required, they can be regarded as appropriate materials for protection pads.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1999

One of the most important parameters required to model the absorption of CO2 into aqueous alkanolamine solutions is physical solubility. However, since CO2 reacts in amine solutions, its physical solubility cannot be measured directly. As a result, a nonreacting gas which is similar to CO2 has to be used such as N2O. The solubility of nitrous oxide (N2O) in aqueous solutions of 0wt%-50wt% MDEA, 0wt%-30wt% DEA, and 50wt % total amine with DEA/MDEA molar ratios of 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.67 was measured using a modified Zipperclave reactor over a temperature range of 293-353 K with near atmospheric partial pressures of N2O. the solubility data from this work were K with near atmospheric partial pressures of N2O. The solubility data from this work were found to be in good agreement with previously reported data where available.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find gender differences in physical activity, dietary habit and nutrient intake in 4∼6th grade students in elementary school. Physical activity assessment showed that males significantly engaged in more vigorous activity with longer duration than females. It was found that females skipped their breakfast more often and had more snack than males. On the other hand, males were more indulged in peaky eating, despite their good practice of drinking milk. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that energy intakes in both males and females were not sufficient. Furthermore, subjects, regardless of gender, consumed marginal intakes of Ca and Fe. Special attention should be given to marginal intakes of Ca in the subjects. Due to low Fe intake in females, more caution should be taken to include a meal which can enhance iron absorption. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented to choose nutrient dense foods and activities that lead to better health.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.179-193
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• 2023

Physical activities enhance blood flow in the vessels, which may increase the quality of medicine delivery. The emergence of revolutionary technologies such as nanoscience, made it possible to treat the incurable illnesses such as cancer. This paper investigates the impact of sport and physical exercises on the quality and quantity of the drug-delivery based on the mathematical modeling of a nanomotor made by nanotubes carrying the nano-drug capsules. Accordingly, the mathematical equations of rotating nanomotor are generated by considering the both of higher-order beam model and nonlocal strain gradient model, as a comprehensive continuum theory. Next, through the generalized differential quadrature together with Newmark-beta methods, the differential relations are discretized and solved. Finally, the impact of varied parameters on the dynamical behavior of the nanomotor is examined in detail. The outcomes of this investigation can be useful to achieve an excellent design of nanomotors carrying nano-drugs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.505-510
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• 1992

The experiments were carried out to study the effect of physical forms of hay diet on phosphorus metabolism by offering sheep roughage diets containing a low phosphorus content. The sheep were fed coarse hay, short hay or finely ground pelleted hay. The physical forms of hat diet had little effect on the pathway of phosphorus excretion. In all groups, the most of phosphorus was excreted in feces and urinary phosphorus excretion was negligible. Duodenal fluid flow, rumen fluid outflow and estimated salivary flow appeared to be relatively high in sheep fed the coarse hay diet as compared to those in sheep fed the finely ground diet. The amount of phosphorus flow to the duodenum tended to be high in the coarse diet group as compared to those in other two groups. On the other hand, phosphorus concentrations in the duodenal fluid and the rumen fluid were lower in sheep fed the coarse hay diet than those in sheep fed the ground hay. Net intestinal phosphorus absorption tended to be higher in sheep fed the coarse hay than that in sheep fed the ground hay or pelleted hay. However, a negative phosphorus balance was observed in the coarse hay diet group although a positive phosphorus balance was found in other two groups. It was considered that salivary phosphorus secretion was greater than the amount of salivary phosphorus reabsorbed from the intestine, resulting in the negative of phosphorus balance in sheep fed the coarse hay.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.316-325
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this systematic multiscale analysis was to evaluate the effects of thermoforming on the physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials used to fabricate transparent orthodontic aligners (TOAs). Methods: Specimens were fabricated using four types of thermoplastic materials with different thicknesses under a thermal vacuum. Transparency, water absorption and solubility, surface hardness, and the results of three-point bending and tensile tests were evaluated before and after thermoforming. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test. Results: After thermoforming, the transparency of Duran and Essix A+ decreased, while the water absorption ability of all materials; the water solubility of Duran, Essix A+, and Essix ACE; and the surface hardness of Duran and Essix A+ increased. The flexure modulus for the 0.5-mm-thick Duran, Essix A+, and eCligner specimens increased, whereas that for the 0.75-/1.0-mm-thick Duran and eClginer specimens decreased. In addition, the elastic modulus increased for the 0.5-mm-thick Essix A+ specimens and decreased for the 0.75-mm-thick Duran and Essix ACE and the 1.0-mm-thick Essix ACE specimens. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials used for the fabrication of TOAs should be evaluated after thermoforming in order to characterize their properties for clinical application.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2014

In this study, the melt-mixing condition was optimized first to maximize the physical properties of a wood plastic composite (WPC) with recycled polypropylene (PP) and the effects of recycled PP content on the physical properties of the WPC were investigated. Mechanical properties of the WPC were measured by UTM and an izod impact tester and thermal properties were investigated by DSC, TGA and DMA. Fracture surfaces of the WPC were investigated by SEM. The optimized mixing condition of WPC with 50 wt% recycled PP of total PP was melt-mixing at $170^{\circ}C$ for 15 min at 60 rpm. With increasing the content of the recycled PP, the water absorption characteristics of the WPC increased and the thermal and mechanical properties decreased. However, the following was concluded from the analysis of all the physical properties; it was possible adding the recycled PP up to 50 wt% of total PP without a significant decrease in the performance of the WPC.