• Korean Security Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.109-131
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• 2010

This research analyzed how the new and senior security guards employed privately are influenced on their task performance by the factors operated before task performance: cognitive state anxiety, physical state anxiety and state confidence which are the sub-factors of the Competitive State Anxiety(CSAI-II) according to the educational background, career, gender and athletic capacity. First, as for the new and senior security guards' state anxiety before task performance, the senior guards felt the cognitive anxiety more than the new guards, but there was not a distinct difference statistically. Therefore, it is estimated that there is little difference in the level of cognitive anxiety between the new security guards with insufficient career and the seniors. Second, the level of the physical state anxiety was shown higher from the senior guards than from the new ones and had a distinct difference. However, it seems to be derived from the extent of physical development as the seniors are at the time of vigorous physical development. Third, the level of state anxiety had no distinct difference between them statistically though the new security guards felt it higher than the seniors. Fourth, the state confidence was shown higher from the seniors than from the new and had a distinct difference statistically, also. Fifth, as for gender, the male and female guards did not have a difference so much in the cognitive and physical state anxiety, and state confidence. Sixth, as a whole, the state anxiety was highest as for the security guards with athletic capacity level 1 and 2. Those with the level 2, and 3 and the level above 7 felt it less than those with the level 5-6, which had a distinct difference in statistics. The manager of the new and senior security guards should make them dispel anxiety in piece of mind through physical and mental education encouraging them to have self-confidence, practical training, and psychological training based on the analysis of causes of various cases.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.52-60
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• 1991

The purpose of this study were to recognize the status of state-anxiety and mental health of the middle-aged women and effects of the state-anxiety upon the mental health of the their. This data on which the analysis was based come from a survey of 466 middle-aged women is Seoul. The questionaire consisted of the 20 questions of the state-anxiety inventory by Spielberger and Lee, Hoon Koo's 47 questions dervied from the SCL-90 by Derogatis and the others. The data was analyzed using percentage, T-Test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results are as follows: 1. The state-anxiety status showed that 16.9% of the total respondents had badness state-anxiety. 2. The mental health assessment scale (SCL-90) showed that 3.4% of the total respondents had mental health problems. The most prevalent one was somatization, the 2nd and 3rd were depression and obsessive-compulsive. 3. The test of relationship between the individual background and the status of state-anxiety revealved that, there seemed to be staistically significant correlation between the state-anxiety and the academic background (P<0.01), family in come(P<0.05), physical health status(P<0.001) and marital satisfaction(＜0.001). 4. The test of relationship between the individual background and the status of mental health revealved that, there seemed to be staistically significant correlation between the mental health and the academic backgroung(P<0.001), marriage status(P<0.05), husband's occupation(P<0.05), number of family live with(P<0.05), physical health status(P<0.001) and marital satisfaction(P<0.001). 5. Between the state-anxiety and the mental health of the subjects, there was a correlation that the lower score of state-anxiety was, the lower score of the mental health(r=0.57, P<0.001).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.38-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the physical therapist's explanation of the treatment prior to electrical stimulation affects the subjects level of anxiety. Eighty healthy subjects participated in this study and were assigned either to the experimental group receiving information on the treatment ($n_1$=40) or to the control group not receiving information on the treatment ($n_2$=40). Transcutaneus Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), a sphygomamometer and the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale Questionnaire were used to investigate the threshold of anxiety. Analysis of data revealed significant differences in pulse and diastolic blood pressure compared to the control group when the subjects were stimulated electrically after receiving information on the treatment. We found significant differences between the two groups. The results of the study indicate that the patient's anxiety can be reduced by the physical therapist's explanation on the treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.257-267
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• 1991

This study investigated the effects of nursing in formation given verbally and a booklet on the knowledge, Physical symptoms, anxiety and daily activities of patients recovering from open heart surgery from just before discharge to six weeks after discharge. The convenience sample was of patients who had undergone open heart surgery in Seoul National University Hospital. The first 25 patients who agreed to participate in the study became the control group. They did not receive the intentional information but the usual nursing care. The next 28 patients became the experimental group who received a booklet about their post-discharge care which was discussed with them by the researcher before discharge. This study used a non equivalent control group non - synchronized quasiexperimental design. The tools included a 30 item knowledge scale, a 9 item physical symptom scale, Spielberger's state anxiety scale, and a 28 item daily activity scale. The instruments were applied before discharge and at two and six weeks after discharge. For data analysis, frequency, t-test, Pearson's Correlational Coefficient and Cronbach's $\alpha$ were used. The results were as follows : 1. Information given through the booklet was effective in increasing the knowledge of patients recovering from open heart surgery. The experimental group's knowledge was higher at 2 weeks after discharge than prior to discharge (P＜0.05). 2. There was no significant difference in physical symptoms between the two groups at two and six weeks after discharge. 3. Information given through the booklet was effective in decreasing the State Anxiety two weeks after discharge (P＜0.001) but at six weeks after discharge, there was no significant difference in anxiety between the control and the experimental groups. 4. There was no significant difference in daily activity between the two groups at two and six weeks after discharge. 5. There was a negative correlation between knowledge at discharge and at 2 weeks and anxiety at 2 weeks after discharge. There was a positive correlation between knowledge at discharge and daily activity at 2 weeks after discharge. There was a negative correlation between knowledge at 2 weeks and Physical symptom at 6 weeks after discharge.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.375-389
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) programme on the physical condition and anxiety level of hypertension workers. The research was designed in the pre and post-test. Sample test was done in five workers with essential hypertension. They were divided in two groups:- Group A and Group B. The Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) was applied three times a week for Group A and five times a week for Group B. The SRM was given in 40 minutes each time for 4 weeks from the 1st of January to the 30th of April in 2001. In order to evaluate the effect on SRM. blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured as physical parameters and state trait anxiety inventory was used twice each time between before and after the exercise. The collected data was analysed by Mann-Whitney test with SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Average age for the subjects were 39.8 (ranged from thirty-two to fifty-three) and average period of hypertension history was 42 months (ranged from twenty to eighty-four). 2. There was no significant difference between two examined groups in blood pressure. But, there was a significant difference in SRM of pre and post-test for two groups. 3. There was no significant difference in blood cholesterol between two groups and between pre and post-test. 4. State trait anxiety showed significant difference between pre and post-test except the results between two groups. This result suggests that SRM is effective on the decrease of systolic and diastolic pressure and the relief of state trait anxiety except for the blood cholesterol. Therefore, blood cholesterol is needed further evaluation in large subjects and longer period. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare the precise effects of SRM on the foot reflex massage (FRM) in anxiety.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the research trends of physical activities interventions such as yoga, taichi, and qigong to reduce anxiety. Methods: Korean databases were searched for articles related to survey of physical activity interventions (yoga, taichi, qigong) to reduce anxiety from 2009 to 2015. Results: Fifteen articles published in Korean journals from 2009 to 2015 were retrieved. The quality of studies were generally low and characteristics of subject were not homogeneous. Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used most frequently as an assessment tool. The included publications included 9 articles on yoga, 4 articles on qigong, and 2 articles on taichi. Of these, 8 of 9 articles on yoga, 2 of 4 articles on qigong, and 2 of 2 articles on taichi reported that intervention group showed statistically significant decrease of anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: In this study, physical activity interventions such as yoga, taichi and qigong might be beneficial for reducing anxiety. However, more scientifically designed research on physical activity- based treatments are needed to prove the efficacy and effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.912-922
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supportive nursing on stress reaction of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this experimental study. The subjects were 32 patients who were receiving chemotherapy after mastectomies at K hospital in Taegu from June, 1994 to June 1995. Among 32 subjects, 16 were placed in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. The experimental and control groups were tested for general characteristics, trait anxiety, health locus of control, family support, state anxiety, hopelessness, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. Collected data was analized by means of a chisquare test and a t-test for the comparative analysis of the general characteristics and homogeneity of subjects. ANOVA, and MANOVA were used for testing the hypothesis. Reliability of the tools were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The hypothesis : The stress reaction of the experimental group which took supportive nursing was lower than the stress reaction of the control group : this was supported statistically. The main variable influenced in stress reaction was hopelessness. Supportive nursing for breast cancer patients, who are receiving chemotherapy, was especially effective in the reduction of hopelessness compared to state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. 2. An analysis of the difference on stress reaction, according to the frequency of supportive nursing between the control and experimental group, showed the level of hopelessness of the experimental group was lower than the control group after four supportive meeting sessions. But there was no statistical difference in state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. In conclusion, this study supported utilization of supportive care as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the System-Developmental Stress Model developed by Chrisman and Riehl-Sisca.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2014

Objective : This study was aimed to discover the correlation between those getting tattoos and their psychopathology relating to their delinquent behavior and emotional problems. Methods : Data for this study was collected from 19-year-old men who were receiving a physical examination for conscription at the Military Manpower Administration. 400 data sheets were collected among them. All of the subjects were evaluated on the following measures : sociodemographic variants, Juvenile delinquency scale, State-trait anger expression inventory, Beck depression inventory, State-trait anxiety inventory, and Positive affect and negative affect schedule. Results : In comparison with those without tattoos, those with a tattoo scored higher in the scales that were related to delinquency, anger, depression, and negative emotion. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between the number of tattoos and the scores for the Juvenile delinquent tendency and behavior scale as well as on the, State-trait anxiety scale. Conclusion : Those with tattoos had experienced anger, anxiety and depression more strongly in comparison with those without tattoos. These results recommend that tattooed males should be evaluated more on their regarding psychopathology compared to those without tattoos.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.479-492
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find out the relationship between dental anxiety and self-efficacy, physical and psychological condition and expected self-efficacy. The objective of this study was also to provide foundation for appropriate dental hygiene intervention model for scaling. In this study, anxiety reactions were measured among 178 patients, who made appointment with dental hygienists for scaling between May and July, 2009. The analysis was done in SPSS 12.0 statistical program which confirmed Cranach's alpha value. Technical statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA, correlation and regression were also used. The result of the study is following: While dental hygienist conducts scaling, the dental anxiety was each measured in following categories: Thus male, age between 40 and 50, single, high school graduated and unemployed were measured highest dental anxiety among various groups. Dental Fear Scale demonstrated the validity of relationship between dental anxiety and self efficacy. The correlation was equated as r=-.409(p<0.01). In the other words, the higher self efficacy, the lower dental anxiety. The relationship between dental anxiety and physical and physiological condition was relevant. Physical condition was r=-.229(p<0.01) And then, the psychological condition was r=-.299(p<0.01). Thus, better physical and physiological condition results in less dental anxiety. The relationship between expected Self-efficacy and dental anxiety is also valid. The dental anxiety after performance accomplishment is r=-.239(p<0.01), after vicarious experience is r=-.195(p<0.01), after verbal persuasion is r=-.152(p<0.05), after recognition of physiological state is r=-.410(p<0.01). In conclusion, sex, age, marital status, education level, employment, physical condition, physiological condition are all relevant to dental anxiety(F=8.834). Both independent and dependent variables p<.05 have 37.5% persuasiveness.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the physical and emotional health of South Korean mothers of preterm infants in the early postpartum period. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the participants included 91 mothers of preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Physical health status was measured using a self-reported questionnaire, postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and guilt using a 4-item scale. Results: Fatigue had the highest score among mothers' physical health problems, followed by shoulder pain, nipple pain, neck pain. The average postpartum depression score was 11.02 points, and 44% of women had postpartum depression with a score of 12 or above. Postpartum depression significantly was correlated with physical health (r=.35, p=.001), anxiety (r=.84, p<.001), and guilt (r=.75, p<.001) and was significantly higher for women with multiple births, and preterm infants who required ventilator and antibiotic treatment. Anxiety also showed a significant difference according to preterm infants' condition. Conclusion: The significant correlations between postpartum depression and physical health, anxiety, and guilt indicate a need for nursing interventions that provide integrated management of mothers' physical and emotional health.