• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2009

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy of electroacupuncture therapy in obese Korean women in order to make basic guidelines for the use of oriental medicine in treating obesity. Methods: Forty women were divided into two groups and each was treated 12 times: 1) one group was treated using electroacupuncture (EA) involving auricular acupuncture and physical treatment, without exercise (EA group, n=10), and 2) the other group was treated using electroacupuncture and exercise (EA plus exercise group, n=30). The EA was applied to subcutaneous fat tissue manually. Body weight was evaluated every visit and body composition was checked at the $1^{st}$ and $12^{th}$ visits. Statistical comparisons were made using SPSS13.0. We compared the weight loss, body mass index (BMI), and body composition before and after treatment using the pairedt-test. The correlations between weight loss and BMI and age were examined. Results: After the $12^{th}$ treatment, both groups showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat, and body fat percentage. The weight loss averaged 4.58${\pm}$3.87% in the EA group and 4.69${\pm}$3.10% in the EA plus Exercise group. The reduction in skeletal muscle was significant in the EA group, but not significant in the EA plus Exercise group. The speed of the weight loss was correlated with age using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Based on BMI, normal and obese subjects in the EA plus Exercise group had significant reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat, and body fat percentage; the obese subjects also had a significant reduction in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Combined EA therapy may be effective for weight reduction. Age and BMI were related to weight loss using EA therapy.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.769-780
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• 2015

This study investigated the changes in inflammatory mediators, immunocompetent cells and bone merrow progenitor cells by the magnitude of muscle damage and type of the muscle contraction in the elderly. Twenty older adults who had not been involved in a resistance-training program at least 6 months prior to the present study were assigned to eccentric exercise group (ECC, n=10) and concentric exercise group (CON, n=10). All subjects performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric (ECC 1) or concentric (CON) contractions with the non-dominant arm in a randomized, with 4 wk between bouts (ECC 2). Skeletal muscle damage index (ROM, VAS, Plasma CK), inflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6), immunocomperent cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+), bone merrow progenitor cell (CD34+) and leukocytes were measured before, immediately after, 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after exercise. Changes in ROM and VAS were greater (P<.05) after ECC 1 than CON and ECC 2. Increases in TNF-α and IL-6 were greater (P<.05) 24, 48 and 72 h after ECC 1 than CON and ECC 2. Increases in neutrophils were greater (P<.05) 2 h after ECC 1 than CON and ECC 2. It was confirmed that muscle damage was greater following eccentric than concentric contractions as well as first bout than second bout in the elderly, and suggested that TNF-α, IL-6 and neutrophils should closely correlate with magnitude of muscle damage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2023

Background: The present study evaluated the association between participation in a rehabilitation program during a hospital stay and 1-year survival of patients requiring at least 21 days of mechanical ventilation (prolonged mechanical ventilation [PMV]) with various respiratory diseases as their main diagnoses that led to mechanical ventilation. Methods: Retrospective data of 105 patients (71.4% male, mean age 70.1±11.3 years) who received PMV in the past 5 years were analyzed. Rehabilitation included physiotherapy, physical rehabilitation, and dysphagia treatment program that was individually provided by physiatrists. Results: The main diagnosis leading to mechanical ventilation was pneumonia (n=101, 96.2%) and the 1-year survival rate was 33.3% (n=35). One-year survivors had lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (20.2±5.8 vs. 24.2±7.5, p=0.006) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (6.7±5.6 vs. 8.5±2.7, p=0.001) on the day of intubation than non-survivors. More survivors participated in a rehabilitation program during their hospital stays (88.6% vs. 57.1%, p=0.001). The rehabilitation program was an independent factor for 1-year survival based on the Cox proportional hazard model (hazard ratio, 3.513; 95% confidence interval, 1.785 to 6.930; p<0.001) in patients with APACHE II scores ≤23 (a cutoff value based on Youden's index). Conclusion: Our study showed that participation in a rehabilitation program during hospital stay was associated with an improvement of 1-year survival of PMV patients who had less severe illness on the day of intubation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate effective intervention(upper thoracic mobilization and upper cervical mobilization) methods for forward head posture. 32 subjects were divided into two groups: upper thoracic mobilization(UTM) and upper cervical mobilization(UCM) on three times a week for a total of four weeks. In both groups significant difference in forward head posture pre and post test(p <.01), significant difference between the two groups (p <.05, 95% CI: .157-.341). In both groups significant difference in neck disability index pre and post test(p <.01), significant difference between the two groups (p <.01, 95% CI: 1.273-8.728). In both groups significant difference in quality of life pre and post test(p<.05), significant difference between the two groups (p <.01, 95% CI: 4.234-18.391). The results of this study showed that the UTM was more effective than that of the forward head posture. It would be possible to provide more effective interventions for patients with forward head posture and also to prevent secondary musculoskeletal disorders due to forward head posture.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2023

Background: Our purpose was to evaluate a custom reverse total shoulder arthroplasty glenoid baseplate for severe glenoid deficiency, emphasizing the challenges with this approach, including short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes and complications. Methods: This was a single-institution, retrospective series of 29 patients between January 2017 and December 2022 for whom a custom glenoid component was created for extensive glenoid bone loss. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at intervals for up to 5 years. All received preoperative physical examinations, plain radiographs, and computed tomography (CT). Intra- and postoperative complications are reported. Results: Of 29 patients, delays resulted in only undergoing surgery, and in three of those, the implant did not match the glenoid. For those three, the time from CT scan to implantation averaged 7.6 months (range, 6.1-10.7 months), compared with 5.5 months (range, 2-8.6 months) for those whose implants fit. In patients with at least 2-year follow-up (n=9), no failures occurred. Significant improvements were observed in all patient-reported outcome measures in those nine patients (American Shoulder and Elbow Score, P<0.01; Simple Shoulder Test, P=0.02; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, P<0.01; Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index, P<0.01). Range of motion improved for forward flexion and abduction (P=0.03 for both) and internal rotation up the back (P=0.02). Pain and satisfaction also improved (P<0.01 for both). Conclusions: Prolonged time (>6 months) from CT scan to device implantation resulted in bone loss that rendered the implants unusable. Satisfactory short-term radiographic and clinical follow-up can be achieved with a well-fitting device. Level of evidence: III.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2024

Objectives: Frozen shoulder (FS) is one of the most challenging shoulder disorders for patients and clinicians. Its symptoms mainly include any combination of stiffness, nocturnal pain, and limitation of active and passive glenohumeral joint movement. Conventional treatment options for FS are physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injection therapy, and arthroscopic capsular release, but adverse and limited effects continue to present problems. As a result, pharmacoacupuncture (PA) is getting attention as an alternative therapy for patients with FS. PA is a new form of acupuncture treatment in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) that is mainly used for musculoskeletal diseases. It has similarity and specificity compared to corticosteroid injection and hydrodilatation, making it a potential alternative injection therapy for FS. However, no systematic reviews investigating the utilization of PA for FS have been published. Therefore, this review aims to standardize the clinical use of PA for FS and validate its therapeutic effect. Methods: The protocol was registered in Prospero (CRD42023445708) on 18 July 2023. Until Aug. 31, 2023, seven electronic databases will be searched for randomized controlled trials of PA for FS. Authors will be contacted, and manual searches will also be performed. Two reviewers will independently screen and collect data from retrieved articles according to predefined criteria. The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will be effective rate, Constant-Murley Score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, range of motion, quality of life, and adverse events. Bias and quality of the included trials will be assessed using the Cochrane handbook's risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Meta analyses will be conducted using Review Manager V.5.3 software. GRADE will be used to evaluate the level of evidence for each outcome. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following PRISMA statement. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: This review will provide scientific evidence to support health insurance policy as well as the standardization of PA in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2024

Accidents due to aircraft fuel defects rank in the top 13 of the 34 accident types described by CAST-ICAO Common Taxonomy Team(CICTT). Aircraft accidents occur because of the inflow of moisture or pollutants depending on the distribution process and storage environment. To confirm the change in physical properties of the aircraft oil stored for a long time, we stored JET A-1 aircraft oil in a metal can to observe the change after six months. We confirmed that the aircraft oil stored for a long time satisfied the quality standards, and the stability of the fuel oil was high. However, in scenarios in which aircraft oil is stored separately on ships, onshore storage facilities, oil fields, etc., owing to the nature of missions, such as in marine police aircraft, the inflow of moisture or pollutants may likely occur due to changes in the internal and external environment. In addition, pollutants can be analyzed using existing tests and distillation properties, but for moisture, domestic and international standards and domestic laws determine the moisture separation ability of aircraft oil through the water separation index, but the moisture content is not analyzed. Therefore, aviation safety must be secured by adding quality control standards for moisture content and performing revisions to uniformize domestic and international standards and laws.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.34
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• pp.15.1-15.9
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• 2022

Background: Most previous longitudinal studies on lifestyle and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have focused on physical activity rather than sitting time. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prolonged sitting time and the development of erosive esophagitis (EE). Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for measuring sitting time in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Sitting time was categorized into four groups: ≤ 6, 7-8, 9-10, and ≥ 11 hours/day. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed by experienced endoscopists who were unawared of the aims of this study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the development of EE were estimated using Cox proportional hazards analyses with ≤ 6 hours/day sitting time as the reference. Results: There were 6,524 participants included in the study. During a mean follow-up of 3.14 years, 2,048 incident cases developed EE. In age- and sex-adjusted models, the HR in the group sitting ≥ 11 hours per day compared ≤ 6 hours per day was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76-0.99). After further adjusting for alcohol intake, smoking status, educational level, history of diabetes, and history of dyslipidemia, sitting time was still significantly related to the risk of EE (HR, 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). After further adjustment for exercise frequency, this association persisted (HR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). In subgroup analysis by obesity, the relationship between sitting time and EE was only significant among participants with body mass index < 25 kg/m² (HR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95). Conclusions: Generally, prolonged sitting time is harmful to health, but with regard to EE, it is difficult to conclude that this is the case.

• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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• v.489 no.3
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• pp.4389-4417
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• 2019

We study the dust properties of 192 nearby galaxies from the JINGLE survey using photometric data in the 22-850 ㎛ range. We derive the total dust mass, temperature T, and emissivity index β of the galaxies through the fitting of their spectral energy distribution (SED) using a single modified blackbody model (SMBB). We apply a hierarchical Bayesian approach that reduces the known degeneracy between T and β. Applying the hierarchical approach, the strength of the T-β anticorrelation is reduced from a Pearson correlation coefficient R = -0.79 to R = -0.52. For the JINGLE galaxies we measure dust temperatures in the range 17-30 K and dust emissivity indices β in the range 0.6-2.2. We compare the SMBB model with the broken emissivity law modified blackbody (BMBB) and the two modified blackbody (TMBB) models. The results derived with the SMBB and TMBB are in good agreement, thus applying the SMBB, which comes with fewer free parameters, does not penalize the measurement of the cold dust properties in the JINGLE sample. We investigate the relation between T and β and other global galaxy properties in the JINGLE and Herschel Reference Survey (HRS) sample. We find that β correlates with the stellar mass surface density (R = 0.62) and anticorrelates with the H i mass fraction (M_{H i}/M_*, R = -0.65), whereas the dust temperature correlates strongly with the star formation rate normalized by the dust mass (R = 0.73). These relations can be used to estimate T and β in galaxies with insufficient photometric data available to measure them directly through SED fitting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.3
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• pp.327-338
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• 2024

Forest road construction can degrade the physical and biological environments of forest ecosystems. Although this degradation may be temporary, some research has shown the potential for the long-term recovery of the original ecosystem. This study investigated changes in communities' structures over time to understand the process of ecosystem change following road construction. Data were collected from 63 plots, each measuring 25m², in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, including plots from roads constructed in 1998 (25 years elapsed), 2021 (two years elapsed), and 2022 (one year elapsed), using phytosociological methods. The results showed that the importance of the values of Pinus densiflora an d Quercus variabilis in the tree and subtree layers of the 25-year-old cut slopes were similar to those of the control plots, indicating the significant recovery of the original ecosystem's structure and function after 25 years. Species diversity analysis revealed the higher evenness and lower dominance of the cut slopes and road surfaces attributed to the high dominance of species such as Arundinella hirta and Miscanthus sinensis. The community similarity index and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated that the control plots, all the edge plots, and the 25-year-old cut slopes could be considered part of the same community. In conclusion, forest roads in place for 25 years appear to have been restored to the level of the original ecosystem. These findings can serve as valuable ecological data for understanding the vegetation recovery process at future forest road construction sites.