• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2016

A windowless spallation target can provide a neutron source and maintain neutron chain reaction for a subcritical reactor, and is a key component of China's nuclear waste transmutation of coupling accelerator and subcritical reactor. The main issue of the windowless target design is to form a stable and controllable free surface that can ensure that energy spectrum distribution is acquired for the neutron physical design when the high energy proton beam beats the lead-bismuth eutectic in the spallation target area. In this study, morphology and flow characteristics of the free surface of the windowless target were analyzed through the volume of fluid model using computational fluid dynamics simulation, and the results show that the outlet cross section size of the target is the key to form a stable and controllable free surface, as well as the outlet with an arc transition. The optimization parameter of the target design, in which the radius of outlet cross section is $60{\pm}1mm$, is verified to form a stable and controllable free surface and to reduce the formation of air bubbles. This work can function as a reference for carrying out engineering design of windowless target and for verification experiments.

• 해부∙생물인류학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2018

랑거겨드랑활은 겨드랑에서 흔히 나타나는 변이다. 랑거겨드랑활의 해부학적 그리고 임상적 중요성 때문에 이에 대한 관심이 많다. 학생실습과정에 68세 여성 시신의 오른쪽 팔에서 근육변이가 관찰되었다. 이 근육은 넓은등근의 가쪽모서리에서 근육의 형태로 일어났다. 그 후 힘줄의 형태로 겨드랑동맥과 정중신경을 가로질러 지나간 후 넓어지며 다시 근육의 형태로 큰가슴근에 부착되었다. 우리는 이 근육변이를 소개하고 이것의 임상적 의의에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2023

In these days, high dimensional data prediction technology based on neural network shows compelling results in many different kind of field including engineering. Especially, a lot of variants of convolution neural network are widely utilized to develop pixel level prediction model for high dimensional data such as picture, or physical field value from the sensors. In this study, velocity vector field of ideal flow on ship surface is estimated on pixel level by Unet. First, potential flow analysis was conducted for the set of hull form data which are generated by hull form transformation method. Thereafter, four different neural network with a U-shape structure were conFig.d to train velocity vectors at the node position of pre-processed hull form data. As a result, for the test hull forms, it was confirmed that the network with short skip-connection gives the most accurate prediction results of streamlines and velocity magnitude. And the results also have a good agreement with potential flow analysis results. However, in some cases which don't have nothing in common with training data in terms of speed or shape, the network has relatively high error at the region of large curvature.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2008

As the use of virtual environment for decision-making interior or architectural design has been increasingly broaden, the choice of media form-physical, objective properties of a display medium-became and important issue to take into consideration. This research deals with the effects and differences between two types of media for a virtual environment; wall projection screen(120") and PC monitor(17"). In addition, efficient adoption of the two media forms was also proposed in this research. A total of 90 subjects participated in pre-designed three experimental groups(A group: experiment with a wall projection screen, B group: experiment with PC monitor, C group: both) and answer the seating preferences, the presence inventory, and the decision confidence using a simulated virtual restaurant environment. The results are as follows: (1) seating preferences for the tables located in frequent traffic area and near other spaces such as restroom and th kitchen are significantly different by the media form. While there is no significant difference found in seating preferences for most tables except high traffic areas near entrances between the two media. This result demonstrates the effects of media type or screen size on user perception for the areas near structural or interior design elements. (2) The presence measure in this research consist of in this research consist of four factors: 'spatial presence,' 'object presence,' 'positive effects,' and 'the factor of negative effects. 'The mean values of the items involving engagement or interaction in the spatial presence factor and the object presence factor are significantly different by the media form. A higher sense of presence of presence was observed in the wall projection screen. (3) PC monitor condition was shown to provide a higher level of decision confidence. Based on the research finding, conclusions and implications are discussed.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out effects of Choeongsimyeonja-tang and Taeumjowi-tang on the against decline of physical function as aging. 2. Methods In Wistar rat 10, 30, 50 week and 40 week Choeongsimyeonja-tang & Taeumjowi-tang between 10 weeks form condition change of weight, change of intestine weight, hematology, blood chemistry, research result about serum content following conclusion get. 3. Results and Conclusions 1. Observed gain in weight than control group form of Cheongsimyeonja-tang & Taeumjowi-tang to aged Wistar rat. 2. Is thought to promote activation of living body action gaining intestine weight along with gain in weight. 3. Displayed decrease of MDA's content of serum than control group form of Cheongsimyeonja-tang & Taeumjowi-tang to aged Wistar rat. 4. Change that is Wistar rat's hematological value by aging according to 10, 30, 50 week WBC, RBC, Hgb, monocyces, eosinophil ere. increase, and HCT, PLT ere. showed tendency that decrease accorcling to old-week, and observed improvement that is hematological value than control group form of Cheongsimyeonja-tang & Taeumjowi-tang.5. Change that is Wistar rat's biochemical value by aging was measured highest in 50 week because ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, T-bili., T-chol., TG, TP, ALB, A/G. P ete. increase according to 10, 30, 50 week, and observed improvement that is biochemical value than control group form of Cheongsimyeonja-tang & Taeumjowi-tang. Is considered by being effect that Cheongsimyeonja-tang & Taeumjowi-tang living body function decline by aging by this result.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

For the purpose of the basic educated-establishment on the diagnostic methods of "facial color and shape which reflect human's spiritual essence and personality", we study on the diagnostic value and application of the human face. The study's domain is divided the form and color of human face. And the form and color of human face is respectively observed the diagnostic value and contents. The form of human face reflect plenty the information of the mankind, and the observation of the face is applied to the "Physiognomie" refering to the external features of humans. Therefore the diagnosis on the form of human face is the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the discrimination of the Sasang constitution, and the classification of Hyunsang type. The color of human face reflect the physical information of internal organs and the pathological change of disease, therefore we examine the region, character and grade of disease by the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and luster of the facial skin. The inspection on the color is also the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the classification of Hyunsang and the differentiation of syndromes. The value of the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and form of the face is widely known. In the future, we think, we need to study more about the theory of the diagnostic value and application of the human face.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.491-497
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• 2001

Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) is currently commonly used material for the reconstruction of bone defects and fixation of joint prosthetics following congenital and acquired causes. Although PMMA has widespread use, it does not possess the ideal mechanical characteristics with osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity required. In order to overcome these problem, addition of bovine bone drived defatting demineralized bone(BDB) powders to a PMMA bone cement was done for improvement of physical property and bone forming characteristics of composite. In order to investigate the influence of BDB reinforcement on the PMMA, we measured physical property of compressive, tensile, flexural strength, and scanning electron microscopic examinations. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The PMMA forms a solid cellular matrix with open cells about $100{\mu}m$ in variable size and incorporating BDB. BDB aggregates inside the cells form a porous network that is accessible from the outer surface. 2. The physical properties were compressive strength of mean $22.74{\pm}1.69MPa$, tensile strength of mean $22.74{\pm}1.69MPa$, flexural strength of mean $77.53{\pm}6.93MPa$. Scanning electron microscopic examinations were revealed that there was DBD particles form a highly porous agglomerates. BDB can be added PMMA in the form of dried powders, the composites are applicable as bone substitutes. BDB and PMMA mixture is shown to produce a class of composites that due to their microstructure and improved mechanical properties may be suitable for application as bone subsitutes. The mechanical and material properties of the BDB-PMMA bone substitute composites are competitive with those properties of a porous ceramic matrix of other hydroxyapatite and with those of natural bones.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1295-1303
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different physical forms and urea treatment of rice straw on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk production. Four, multiparous Holstein crossbred dairy cows in mid-lactation with initial body weight (BW) of $409{\pm}20kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were as follows: untreated, long form rice straw (LRS), urea-treated (5%), long form rice straw (5% ULRS), urea-treated (2.5%), long form rice straw (2.5% ULRS) and urea-treated (2.5%), chopped (4 cm) rice straw (2.5% UCRS). Cows were fed with concentrate diets at a ratio of concentrate to milk yield of 1:2 and rice straw was fed ad libitum. The findings revealed significant improvements in total DM intake and digestibility by using long and short forms of urea-treated rice straw (p<0.05). Ruminal pH was not altered among all treatments (p>0.05), whereas ruminal $NH_3$-N, BUN and MUN were found to be increased (p<0.01) by urea-treated rice straw as compared with untreated rice straw. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations especially those of acetic acid were decreased (p<0.05) and those of propionic acid were increased (p<0.05), thus acetic acid:propionic acid was subsequently lowered (p<0.05) in cows fed with long or short forms of urea-treated rice straw. The 2.5% ULRS and 2.5% UCRS had greater microbial protein synthesis and was greatest when cows were fed with 5% ULRS. The urea-treated rice straw fed groups had increased milk yield (p<0.05), while lower feed cost and greater economic return was in the 2.5% ULRS and 2.5% UCRS (p<0.01). From these results, it could be concluded that 2.5% ULRS could replace 5% ULRS used as a roughage source to maintain feed intake, rumen fermentation, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, milk production and economical return in mid-lactating dairy cows.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2020

목적 : 본 연구에서는 간접고용이 직접고용의 고용형태가 위험과 건강에 얼마나 차이를 나타내는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구는 안전보건공단 산업안전보건 연구원에서 2017년에 실시한 5차 근로환경조사(Korean Working Conditions Survey: KWCS)자료를 바탕으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 보건업에서 위험 요인 노출의 경우 파견, 용역에 비해 직접고용의 위험 노출이 더 높게 나타났다. 반면 건설업에서는 직접고용보다 파견과 용역에서 위험 노출이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고용형태에 따른 건강영향의 교차분석을 실시하였다. 교차분석의 결과 직접고용과 외주에 따라 업무가 건강에 위해하지 않음과 위해함의 비율에 대한 차이는 유의하게 나타났고, 직접고용에 비해 외주의 경우 위험도는 2.18배 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 파견과 용역의 고용형태는 직접고용에 비교하여 근로자가 더 위험에 노출되어 있는 것으로 답변하였다. 또한 직접고용에 비해 외주는 근로자의 건강위해에 2배 가까운 위험도를 나타냈다. 이를 해결하기 위해 파견과 용역의 파트너에게 위험하거나 힘든 일을 전가하는 것이 아닌 사업의 전략적 파트너로서 간주할 필요가 있다. 즉 파견, 용역 근로자의 안전보건을 위해 계약에서의 원청업체의 능동적이고 적극적인 협력 및 지원이 필요하다. 이 연구를 통해 위험을 둘러싼 근로 환경과 규범이 재구성되어, 모든 근로자에게 더 안전하고 건강한 직장환경이 조성되기를 기대한다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2020

교육의 기본적인 형태는 지식의 전달, 즉 음성 전달을 통해 교수가 교육수요자에게 지식을 전달하는 방식이므로 쾌적한 학습 환경 조성에 있어 음환경은 필수적인 고려 요소이다. 실내 음환경은 재실자의 정신적 스트레스와 매우 밀접한 연관성을 가지고 있으므로 적절한 음환경의 조성 여부에 따라 교육의 질적 수준 또한 크게 변화할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 제시한 물리적 음향성능 자료를 바탕으로 가청화 기법을 활용한 청감실험을 실시하였으며 이를 통해 강의전용 공간의 물리적 음향성능 개선에 따른 주관적 음향성능의 만족도 변화를 분석하였다. 연구는 강의전용 공간에서 주로 사용되는 음원 6개를 선정하여 8개의 어휘로 평가를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 음향성능의 개선에 따라 주관적 음향성능도 개선되었으며 소공연장을 강의전용 공간으로 리모델링한 후 "음악"에 대한 주관적 반응보다 "음성"에 대한 주관적 반응이 긍정적으로 나타나 음성 전달에 보다 적합한 공간으로 개선되었음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 교육시설의 음환경 개선 시 물리적 음향성능 뿐만 아니라 청감실험을 통한 주관적 음향성능 검증의 필요성을 강조하고자 하였다.