• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Today, the population of cycle participants is consistently increasing. Cycling is becoming not only a form of physical exercise but also a form of tourism in which cycle activities are related to visiting a particular destination. With the perspective of participation sport tourism, the purpose of this study is to investigate how the level of cycle tourists' participation affects their quality of life. An online survey link was sent to cycle participants to collect data. Out of the total 337 respondents, a total of 226 samples were used for the final analysis, disregarding those that were found to be inadequate or unreliable. For data analysis, frequency analysis, reliability test, validity, correlations, and regressions were employed with SPSS 22.0. For our first result, we found that the level of cycle participation did not significantly affect the quality of physical life. Second, the level of cycle participation did not have significant effect on the quality of mental life. Third, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of social life. Fourth, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of environmental life. Conclusions and political implications are discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.7 s.250
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• pp.612-621
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• 2006

Drawing is a mechanical operation attenuating material thickness to an appropriate level for the next processing or end usage. When the input material has a form of bundle or bundles made of very thin and long shaped wires or fibers, this attenuation operation is called 'bundle drawing' or 'drafting'. Bundle drawing is being used widely in manufacturing micro sized wires or staple yarns. However, the bundle processed by this operation has more or less defects in the evenness of linear density. Such irregularities cause many problems not only for the product quality but also for the efficiency of the next successive processes. In this research a mathematical model for the dynamic behavior of the bundle fluid is to be set up on the basis of general physical laws containing physical variables, i.e. linear density and velocity as the dynamic state variables of the bundle fluid. The governing equations resulting from the modeling show that they appear in a slightly different form from what they do in a continuum fluid. Then, the governing equations system is simplified in a steady state and the bundle dynamics is simulated, showing that the shape of the velocity profiles depends on two model parameters. Experiments confirm that the model parameters are to be well adjusted to show a coincidence with the theoretical analysis. The higher the drawing ratio and drawing speed we, the more sensitive becomes the bundle flow to exogenous disturbances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.3 s.28
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• pp.343-350
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the microstructure and physical property of PET POY which was taut-annealed under various conditions. The DSC melting curves of annealed PET POY showed double melting peaks in most cases. As temperature and time increased, form II crystal became sharp and increased in size, and form I crystal decreased in size. The slower the heating rate, the higher the programmed heating effect during DSC analysis. Crystallinity and briefringence of annealed specimens increased as the treatment temperature and time increased. Breaking tenacity of specimens treated for 3 minutes increased as the treatment temperature increased, but others decreased. Elongation at break decreased as the annealing temperature and time increased. Dye uptake of annealed specimens decreased as the temperature increased up to $190^{\circ}C\~210^{\circ}C$. then the uptakes increased at higher temperatures. At the same temperature, dye uptake of the specimen decreased as time increased.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference of body composition, metabolic factor, and blood components according to job forms which are job period and job type and stress level for security guard workers. The conclusion is as follows. 1. There were lower level for the body fat with short term and higher level for the lactate with long term according to the job period. 2. There were lower level for the body fat with the field service and higher level for the lactate and stress with the field service according to the job type. In conclusion, it needs to have a continuous physical activity behavior for the security guard workers to manage for their effective health and to have a rest for the field service workers to decrease their physical and mental stress.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.16-25
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• 2002

For Freon-23, a conventional extinguished agent regulated by Montreal Protocol and HFC-227ea, its alternative, the empirical equations were correlated in terms of saturated pressure, density, viscosity, enthalpy and surface tension. They were obtained by regression analysis from the experimental data in the literature. The empirical equations of saturated pressure were expressed as the second and third order function of temperature. The empirical equation of density was expressed as compressibility factor and saturated pressure by a function of temperature. The empirical equation of viscosity was formulated as a power function. Heat capacities as well as enthalpies were well fitted by empirical form of the second-order temperature. Finally, surface tension simply has linear function form in terms of temperature.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

Purpose: Recently, Housing area plan has tried to reflect a public space of various forms. However, most of cases are indiscriminately developments, which don't reflect the diverse needs of residents. In addition, a subject of the public space is not clear and consistently stable of the management, so the residents don't have an interest enough to take advantage of it. Method: In order to make a plan of the public space of a residential complex, an architect designer needs to take a few things into consideration. One is a physical facility in needs. And other one is a management of keeping a social place stably and consistently, which allows residents to be able to interact with each other. It should be regarded for residents to form a sense of belonging, while minimizing the interface friction. When all these problems are fulfilled, an interaction will be made to improve the quality of the living environment. Result: Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to define the meaning of territoriality of the external public space of housing complex. This study makes it possible to improve the relationship of neighborhood and the quality of the life for the residents, depending on the time. This is the first step as 'the research for the territoriality of the external public space of housing complex', in order to define about the concept, function, characteristic of territory(the base of territoriality) and to establish the territoriality that can form the physical or psychological boundary in public space.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

Coprecipitates of ibuprofen (IPF)-sodium deoxycholate (DC-Na) were prepared at various mixing ratios of IPF to DC-Na. X-ray diffraction measurments indicated that IPF in 1:3 and 1:5 IPF-DC-Na coprecipitate did not exist in the crystal form, however in the 1:8 coprecipitate, IPF remained its crystalline form. The dissolution rate was tested in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer by the paddle method of dissolution test of KP V. The dissolution rates of IPF from 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:8 and 1:10(w/w) IPF-DC-Na coprecipitates and physical mixtures were compared with that of IPF alone. It was found that the dissolution rate of 1:5(w/w) coprecipitate was greater than that of pure IPF, coprecipitate and physical mixture at any other ratios of the two components. The concentration of IPF released from the IPF-DC-Na coprecipitates reached a plateau within 10 min, and thereafter gradually decreased indicating that IPF released from the coprecipitate was recrystallized due to the transient supersaturation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.4623-4643
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• 2015

This paper considers physical-layer security protocols in multicast cognitive radio (CR) networks. In particular, we propose dual-hop cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) and randomize-and-forward (RF) schemes using partial relay selection method to enhance secrecy performance for secondary networks. In the DF protocol, the secondary relay would use same codebook with the secondary source to forward the source's signals to the secondary destination. Hence, the secondary eavesdropper can employ either maximal-ratio combining (MRC) or selection combining (SC) to combine signals received from the source and the selected relay. In RF protocol, different codebooks are used by the source and the relay to forward the source message secretly. For each scheme, we derive exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP), non-zero secrecy capacity probability (NzSCP) in both independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and independent but non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) networks. Moreover, we also give a unified formula in an integral form for average secrecy capacity (ASC). Finally, our derivations are then validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study is balanced exercise program according to the supporting surface any affect women's ability to balance high heels. Methods : This study subjects were normal 20 females in their twenties. They were divided into stable supporting surface(n=10), unstable supporting surface(n=10), and they exercised three times a week for 5 weeks. In order to compare the difference of balance, the subjects were measured before and after training. Balance was examined using the balance master 7.0 version systems. Results : 1. There was significant difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of unstable surface group on the FORM-EO and FORM EC of MCTSIB and all of Unilateral Stance variables. 2. There was significant difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of stable surface group on the mean EPE, mean MXE, and mean DCL of LOS. 3. There was significant difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of unstable surface group of the rhythmic weight shift. 4. There was significant difference value in the slow directional control of rhythmic weight shift between groups after exercise. Conclusion : Training on stable supporting surface group and unstable supporting surface group improve balance.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Purposes : The purpose of this study was to measurement the change of cervical and lumbar range of motion according to plantar surface compliance in standing status. Method : The thirty normal adult(15men and 15women) aged between 20 and 35 were assigned to 3 group: first, in bottom piece shoe plantar form not changed the control group, the fore foot which was hard and the rear foot was soft the FHRS Group, the fore foot which was soft and the rear foot was hard the FSRH Group. The cervical and lumbar Range of motion was examined before and after adaptation with corresponding form types Results : This study investigated the change which appears when it will be soft and hard to be. As a result, FHRS group the cervical extension and lumbar flexion increased and the cervical flexion and lumbar extension decreased(p<0.05). In opposition, the FSRH group the cervical flexion and lumbar extension increased and the cervical extension and lumbar flexion decreased(p<0.05).