• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide background information on nursing interventions to further enhance the quality of nursing practice and related professions, based on those performed for stroke patients. Methods: The analysis was performed in light of 84 researches papers on nursing intervention published between 1990 and 2010, and based on NIC(Nursing Interventions Classification) and NOC(Nursing Outcomes Classification). Results: 1. The quasi-experimental design was used as the most primary form of research design across 69 papers that constitute 82% of the total. 2. The number of nursing intervention methods identified throughout 84 research papers was 144. Based on the NIC that 90(62.5%) of those interventions fell into the physiological basic domain while 53(36.8%) belonged to the behavioral domain. 2) Interventions on activity and exercise management, physical comfort promotion, patient education conducted by class level of NIC were 40(27.78%), 34(23.61%), and 31(21.53%) respectively. 3) Outcomes of mobility, psychological well-being, energy maintenance, health & life quality measured by class of NOC among 317 dependent variables 79(24.92%), 64(20.19%), and 63(19.87%) respectively. Conclusion: Most interventions were classified as belonging to few particular domain types, which triggers needs for the development and application of multidisciplinary intervention methods through a more collective approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.148-161
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• 2018

A traffic fatality by young people marked average annual decrease of 4.5% since 2011. Meanwhile, a traffic fatality by senior over 65 years old marked average annual increase of 7.9% for the last five years which means that the annual increase of traffic fatality by senior will be a serious problem. This study started questioning that senior drivers over 65 years old did not retain the same causal factor of fatal traffic accidents and thus extensively analyzed a risk of it by age group quantitatively, dividing the senior driver group into the early, middle and latter stages. Depending on the aging level, the risk of traffic fatality showed a wide difference in seven different types of traffic accidents generally, and happened to increase with latter and middle parts of the senior driver more than the early part. Therefore, this study proposes four policy suggestions: 1) The senior driver need to be offered customized driving educations and the improvement of road environment is also recommended. 2) Political assistance is needed to support and guide a safety related technology installation for the new or existing car. 3) Renewal of driving license and an aptitude test(physical examination, cognitive test) for drivers over 75 years old should take in a less than 3 years and an additional road test is needed as occasion demands. 4) Like the United States and Europe, development and extension of customized treatment guidebook for medical teams who examine senior drivers is needed and establishment of education and administration system that a supervisor of driving license renewal can impose safety restriction and American anonymity reporting system is considered to institutionalize in the medium to longer term.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.22-32
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• 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to review the current Sasang Constitutions studies on children and adolescents and to provide basic data for developing in a better direction of research. Methods Research articles on children and adolescents of the Sasang Constitutions studies were extracted from six databases. Published year, published journals, types of studies were classified. Subjects of research and clinical methods for the Sasang type classification were summarized, especially in clinical studies. Results A total of 26 selected research articles were published from 1990 to 2013 and 14 articles (54%) have been published in Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine. 96% of the total researches were based on clinical studies. Psychological and physical characteristics by Sasang Constitutional type accounted for most of the clinical research studies subjects. But these studies were not performed with diagnostic tools only for children and adolescents. Discussion In this study, the necessity of developing methods of Sasang constitutional type classification for children and adolescents was confirmed. If accompanied by additional research based on this study, it is expected to be used in diverse fields with active collaboration or education.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.342-354
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• 2015

We suggested definition and classification scheme of uninhabited islands in Taeanhaean National Park for efficient management. Islands (seom) and reefs (yeo) were classified based on approximate HHW. Uninhabited islands were categorized into vegetated islands and rocky islands depending on presence of woody vegetation cover for physical geographic and ecological value and importance. Reefs were also divided into an underwater reef and a reef which covers and uncovers based on approximate LLW. We excluded those areas which are not separated from main land by waterbody even though it is in approx. HHW from islands. We considered several divided areas which adjoin geographically and ecologically one another under the condition of approx. LLW as an island. By using above schemes, we categorized 50 uninhabited islands in Taeanhaean National Park into three groups; 24 vegetated islands, 14 rocky islands, and 12 reefs. If the public institutions adopt these schemes as national standards, it will be useful in managing uninhabited islands nationwide.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.176-190
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• 2011

Today's young generation in digital era has a rich education environment and convenient life, on the other hand, there was negative impact on growth as normal body type because of adverse impact on an excessive study and insufficient exercise, etc. Also, for these people in IT culture generation, using small mobile including computer for long time is becoming main issue as changing factor in posture and body type in terms of spine like their neck disc. This body-typed characteristic reaches to normal adult body type in the process of physical development of adult woman and has least modification in body type. Therefore, despite of early young generation, body suitability of upper body clothes might caused imbalance. So, for intended to early 20s women, to design clothes with consideration on imbalance of body type by bended and curved spine, body type studies about size of upper body and forms are needed. As this researcher measured the body type of early 20s college women in metropolitan area, changes in body type of young generation with use of digital equipment recently were recognized since straight body type was decreased unequally and had characteristic in terms of changes to be bended body type. The changes of these body type should be considered to make clothes. Also, since there are some restrictions on this research objects in terms of local and numbers of measured objects, a broad interpretation of result on this research should be really careful.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2010

We conducted this study to determine the factors associated with childhood obesity. The subjects were 170 preschool children in Busan. Data were collected by using questionnaires which asked for information about socioeconomic status, parental perception of their child's weight status and dietary/physical activity behavior. BMI was calculated for each child and their classification was determined, according to their age and sex, as follows: "overweight" at or above the 85th percentile, "normal" for the 15th-85th percentile, and with a BMI below the 15th percentile the children were deemed as underweight. Classification according to BMI percentile showed that 23.5% ($18.25{\pm}1.33\;kg/m^2$) of the children were overweight, 62.9% ($15.51{\pm}0.76\;kg/m^2$) normal, and 13.5% ($13.23{\pm}2.86\;kg/m^2$) were underweight. Socioeconomic status, as represented by the parents' level of education, the occupation of the father and the household income, did not affect the results. However, mothers working outside the household was a factor that was more likely to affect the weight status (p<0.05). Among mothers whose children were overweight, 30% underestimated their children's weight status (believing them to be of normal weight when they were overweight), and 25% failed to recognize the necessity of weight control for their overweight children. While sedentary activity and total daily activity levels were not related to BMI, the level of physically active leisure activity was inversely correlated with BMI (p<0.05). Although there were no differences in total energy intake, dietary behavior was significantly related to weight status. Overweight children had poor eating tendancies: they eat faster (in less than 15 minutes), overeat, and eat late at night. Based on our findings where hereby recommended the following interventions to help limit weight problems in Korean pre-schoolers: early promotion of active leisure behavior and healthy eating habits, along with attempting to correct parental misperception of healthy weight status for children.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.447-455
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• 2007

The Research works published in the field of Korean science education in relation to the theories of 'J. Piaget', 'D. P. Bruner' or 'J. S. Ausubel' have been analyzed and their general pattern of study were determined. Specifically, based on science education related articles published in several Korean journals, the pattern of research about the three scholars' theory is identified with the classification of the specific kind of journal, year of publication, key word, field of study, field of research, and grade of school. The journals subjected to the present study include 'Journal of the Korean Physical Society', 'Journal of the Korean Chemical Society', 'Journal of the Korean Biology Society', 'Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society', 'Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education', and 'Journal of the Korean Society of Elementary Science Education'. It is determined from the present study as follows: First, the total number of related articles published in said journals is 97, and 'Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education' ranks first in numbers. In terms of time period, it is found that most of the researches has been carried out during the mid 90s, and is still popular today. In addition, our key word search revealed that the 'cognitive development' by Piaget is most widely studied in the articles and biology is the area that has been most frequently studied. As to the field of research, teaching study was the one that has been most widely studied. Further, many articles have focused their studies on middle school. In conclusion, it is found that the Korean research works so far made for the theory of 'J. Piaget', 'D. P. Bruner' or 'J. S. Ausubel' are rather limited to a certain area and field, etc.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2018

This study aims to develop a classification model for predicting the occurrence of hyperlipidemia, one of the chronic diseases. Prior studies applying data mining techniques for predicting disease can be classified into a model design study for predicting cardiovascular disease and a study comparing disease prediction research results. In the case of foreign literatures, studies predicting cardiovascular disease were predominant in predicting disease using data mining techniques. Although domestic studies were not much different from those of foreign countries, studies focusing on hypertension and diabetes were mainly conducted. Since hypertension and diabetes as well as chronic diseases, hyperlipidemia, are also of high importance, this study selected hyperlipidemia as the disease to be analyzed. We also developed a model for predicting hyperlipidemia using SVM and meta learning algorithms, which are already known to have excellent predictive power. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we used data set from Korea Health Panel 2012. The Korean Health Panel produces basic data on the level of health expenditure, health level and health behavior, and has conducted an annual survey since 2008. In this study, 1,088 patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly selected from the hospitalized, outpatient, emergency, and chronic disease data of the Korean Health Panel in 2012, and 1,088 nonpatients were also randomly extracted. A total of 2,176 people were selected for the study. Three methods were used to select input variables for predicting hyperlipidemia. First, stepwise method was performed using logistic regression. Among the 17 variables, the categorical variables(except for length of smoking) are expressed as dummy variables, which are assumed to be separate variables on the basis of the reference group, and these variables were analyzed. Six variables (age, BMI, education level, marital status, smoking status, gender) excluding income level and smoking period were selected based on significance level 0.1. Second, C4.5 as a decision tree algorithm is used. The significant input variables were age, smoking status, and education level. Finally, C4.5 as a decision tree algorithm is used. In SVM, the input variables selected by genetic algorithms consisted of 6 variables such as age, marital status, education level, economic activity, smoking period, and physical activity status, and the input variables selected by genetic algorithms in artificial neural network consist of 3 variables such as age, marital status, and education level. Based on the selected parameters, we compared SVM, meta learning algorithm and other prediction models for hyperlipidemia patients, and compared the classification performances using TP rate and precision. The main results of the analysis are as follows. First, the accuracy of the SVM was 88.4% and the accuracy of the artificial neural network was 86.7%. Second, the accuracy of classification models using the selected input variables through stepwise method was slightly higher than that of classification models using the whole variables. Third, the precision of artificial neural network was higher than that of SVM when only three variables as input variables were selected by decision trees. As a result of classification models based on the input variables selected through the genetic algorithm, classification accuracy of SVM was 88.5% and that of artificial neural network was 87.9%. Finally, this study indicated that stacking as the meta learning algorithm proposed in this study, has the best performance when it uses the predicted outputs of SVM and MLP as input variables of SVM, which is a meta classifier. The purpose of this study was to predict hyperlipidemia, one of the representative chronic diseases. To do this, we used SVM and meta-learning algorithms, which is known to have high accuracy. As a result, the accuracy of classification of hyperlipidemia in the stacking as a meta learner was higher than other meta-learning algorithms. However, the predictive performance of the meta-learning algorithm proposed in this study is the same as that of SVM with the best performance (88.6%) among the single models. The limitations of this study are as follows. First, various variable selection methods were tried, but most variables used in the study were categorical dummy variables. In the case with a large number of categorical variables, the results may be different if continuous variables are used because the model can be better suited to categorical variables such as decision trees than general models such as neural networks. Despite these limitations, this study has significance in predicting hyperlipidemia with hybrid models such as met learning algorithms which have not been studied previously. It can be said that the result of improving the model accuracy by applying various variable selection techniques is meaningful. In addition, it is expected that our proposed model will be effective for the prevention and management of hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2003

In Korea, changes in children's diet patterns accelerate their physical growth and development: frequent snacking has been presumed to be a major cause of increasing dental caries. The present study attempts to clarify the relationship between the physical development of growing children and their tooth decay. For this purpose, 632 six-grade children in 4 elementary school located in Urban(Seoul) and Rural(Po-gok, Yang-In) were classified into three groups based on the Weight Length Index(WLI), known to reflect the nutritional conditions of school-age children, and the relationship was analyzed between each group and the variables considered to be related with dental caries. The result is as follows: The average weight and height of the male is $44.88{\pm}10.89$ kg, $148.49{\pm}7.33$ cm and female is $43.35{\pm}9.60$ kg, $149.23{\pm}6.73$ cm, respectively, which are in the similar level with the Korean Physical Standard. The classification of the children by the WLI reveals a relatively high distribution of over-weighted child ren - 212 persons, 335% of the entire population. The DMFT Index was a little high in the rural area(3.15 teeth in urban and 3.31, in rural). Among the groups of children classified by the WLI, the over-weight group have the highest DMFT index(3.69 teeth). The relationship between the frequency of taking in basic nutrients and the DMFT index is also found: the relationship is not evident in case of the foods containing rich calcium, protein, as well as fruits and vegetables. But, in the protein-rich food, higher frequency of its intake means significantly lower DMFT index in the normal-weight group of the urban children. In case of carbohydrate, higher frequency of its intake means significantly higher DMFT index in all the groups of the rural children. The DMFT index has some correlations with the relevant variables: the index has a positive correlation with the frequency of snacking, and a negative correlation with the economic status. That is, the higher the frequency of snacking is, and the lower the economic status is, the higher the DMFT index may be. In the logistic multiple regression analysis conducted with the presence of DMFT as a dependent variable, only the frequency of tooth brushing is turned to be a variable affecting the presence of either decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Based on the above result, the variables affecting the DMFT index are a time spent on eating, frequency of intake of protein and carbohydrate for a week, frequency of snacking, regular dental check-ups, preventive behaviors for oral health(fluoride gargling, tooth brusing after each meal, proper tooth brushing method). These variables have a relationship with the DMFT index, but the degree is somewhat different between the groups classified either by the region or by the WLI. Therefore, appropriate nutrition management should be conducted according to the individual's nutritional conditions when the services like nutritional education are provided based on the closely-examined characteristics of each target group. And, at the same time, oral health education should be strengthened, and its importance should also be emphasized so that people can pay attention to their own oral health.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.79-102
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify school adjustment groups by applying a Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) and to investigate the effects of children's emotional problems and study habits on determining the membership of these groups. LPA and multiple logistic regression were conducted using the data of 2,200 third-graders from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study. The results are listed as follows. First, four school adjustment groups were identified: adjustment, approach to adjustment, maladjustment risk, and maladjustment group. Second, accomplishment value and mastery goal orientation were relatively strong predictors of membership of the school adjustment groups. Time management was also a significant variable that predicted the membership of maladjustment or the maladjustment-risk group. Third, attention problems and depression were the most consistent predictors of membership of maladjustment or the maladjustment-risk group. Physical symptoms and social withdrawal were also significant. Based on the results, implications for intervention to promote early school adjustment were discussed.