• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1992

In the orient, ancestor's perception to natural environment was related on the change of climate. Man had been a essence of the warm blood animal, which had suited in mild climate for living and acting. The weather of hot or cold was not only comfort in human life but influences negatively on human behavior. The most people of oriental was particularly interrelated to seasonal change of climate in earlier time. Because, there are elements such as temperature, humidity and wind in the category of climate, these elements differentiated seasonal change. The main methods of perception of natural environment were observed and classified. Although these methods were in the primitive stage, these coincided the tendency of modern science. For example, confucian was recognized the law of vertical air current that warm air rised and cold air sinked. And they could classify all elements nature based on the principles of 'Yin and Yang(陰陽論)' such as male and female, the sun and moon. shade and light etc. Thus results of the observation and the classification concerned with physical environment can be utilize a wisdom for progressive life of inhabitants. It was a origin of the education in natural environment. Commonness in the viewpoint of environment in the orient if recognized the law of circulation. Buddhism, originated in india, realized that all of phenomena in the world was changed slowly through the principles of cycle(輪廻說) such as male and female, the sun and moon, shade and light etc. Thus results of the observation and the classification concerned with physical environment can be utilized a wisdom for progressive life of inhabitants. It was a origin of the education in natural environment. Commonness in the viewpoint of environment in the orient if recognized the law of circulation. Buddhism, originated in India, realized that all of phenomena in the world was changed slowly through the principles of cycle(輪廻說). For example, whole of land is shifted from young stage to old stage as the life cycle of humanbeing. The theory of karma effects(葉報設) is so signify with the good result that good one's action is reap a sweet fruit. The most environmental problem in today must realized as a consequence of men's act. Then Taoism emphasized the pure nature without the artificiality. Because complexual environment was composed of several elements, It was maintained through the artificiality. Because complexual environment was composed of several elements, It was maintained through the interaction of cause and effects. The solution of environmental problem is maintenanced the harmony between cause and effects by a philosophical concept.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1921-1929
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• 2015

The smart substation is the heart of a transmission system, which is particularly emphasized as the most significant composition of smart grids in China. In order to assess the functionality performance of substation technologies, this paper presents methods used to identify the most promising solutions for smart substation design and to evaluate the technical levels of available technologies. The multi-index optimization model is presented to address the issue of smart substation planning. A mathematical model of the planning decision problem is established with multiple objectives consisting of economic, reliability, and green key indices, and many kinds of concerns including physical and environmentally friendly operations are formulated as a set of constraints. With respect to the assessment of the technical level regarding integration of advanced technologies into a substation, a modified grey whitenization weight function is adopted to structure a novel grey clustering method. The proposed grey clustering approach is used to overcome the difficulty of insufficient quantitative assessment capacity for traditional methods. The evaluation of technical effects provides the classification definition for the development phase and the maturity level of the smart substation. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches in planning decision-making and evaluation of construction efforts is demonstrated with case studies involving the actual smart substation projects of Wenchongkou substation in China Southern Power Grid (CSG) and Mengzi substation in State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC).

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.491-509
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the elementary science curriculum of Finland, which ranked at the first place in the science domain of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a comparative study on the academic achievements of OECD member nations, for three consecutive years and recorded a high national competitiveness index, and that of South Korea, thus providing information needed to develop curriculums and textbooks in the middle of occasional curriculum revisions and giving useful implications for the implementation of curriculum in the field of education in South Korea. The research findings were as follows: First, as for the science content areas based on the ratio of large area items according to the evaluation and analysis framework of TIMSS 2007, South Korea's ratio of life, chemistry, physics, and earth hardly showed fitness for TIMSS 2007 and exhibited equal distribution among the areas. In Finland, the ratio of life, chemistry, physical, and earth was similar to the fourth grade level of TIMSS 2007. The country showed differential distribution with life accounting for the highest percentage. Second, as for the cognitive domains, South Korea showed a high percentage in "Uses and Procedures of Tools" of "1. Knowing" and "Making Connections," "Comparison/Contrast/Classification," and "Uses of Models" of "2. Application." Finland recorded a high percentage in "Information Interpretation" of "2. Application." While South Korea focused on the uses and methods of scientific instruments during scientific activities, Finland made an approach with a focus on problems related to daily life such as the interpretation of information including reports and graphs from an interpretative perspective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3579-3586
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the obesity and metabolic syndrome of the university students and to contribute to the development of the national health promotion through the comparative analysis on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome by BMI level. The subjects for the study were 848(445 men and 403 women) college students. That is underweight group(18.5 kg/$m^2$ ${\leq}$ BMI, UWG) 28(6%) men, 86(21%) women, normal weight group(18.5 kg/$m^2$ < BMI < 23 kg/$m^2$, NWG) 218(49%) men, 250(62%) women, overweight group(23 kg/$m^2$ ${\leq}$ BMI < 25 kg/$m^2$, OWG) 117(26%) men, 42(11%) women, obesity group(25 kg/$m^2$ ${\leq}$ BMI, OG) 82(19%)man, 25(6%) women based on BMI standard of classification by WHO(2004). The conclusions were as follow. This result are necessary to evaluate the fitness of the university students. Because we can recognize and prevent the negative factor that could be produced during young adults we know the risk factors that could be chronic disease.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.281-294
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• 2002

Inhabitants make a specific cultural landscape in various ways according to his culture. In this paper, I consider the characteristics of cultural landscapes distributed in Sangju. I divide Sangju-City Area owing to physical criteria(relief and drainage basin}, appreciate them according to human criteria(administrative district of Joseon Period, dialects, periodical market area} and classify into 6 small regions: (1) Nakyang Region is the traditionally central place based on alluvial plain marginal to Byeongseong stream and Dong stream, and on hills of Sabeol. (2) Nakdong Region is the traffic center which the water transport of Nakdong river and the land transport of Yeongnamdaero cross each other. (3) The upstream region of Byungseong stream is the agricultural region connected with Nakyang Region. (4) Jungmo Region is a intermontane basin where grape cultivation using its specific climate flourish. (5) Wharyeong Region is a mountainous sightseeing district based on the beautiful scenery and Gyeonwhueon's remains of Sogni mountains and Yongyu valley. (6) Hamnyeong Region is the district of Goryeonggaya realm where 3 whites(cocoon, dried persimmon, rice) are abundant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.713-718
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that university students majoring in nutrition and dietetics or sport sciences may have more obsessions associated with eating attitudes and body shape perception compared to other disciplines i.e. social sciences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the risk of eating disorders and body shape perception. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data was collected from 773 undergraduate students at the Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics (NDD) (n = 254), Physical Education and Sports (PESD) (n = 263), and Social Sciences (SOC) (n = 256).A socio-demographic and personal information questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), Perceived Figure Rating Scale (FRS) were applied; and body weights and heights were measured. RESULTS: Mean EAT-40 scores showed that, both male and female students of PESD had the highest scores ($7.4{\pm}11.6$) compared with NDD ($14.3{\pm}8.3$) and SOC ($13.0{\pm}6.2$) (P < 0.05). According to EAT-40 classification, high risk in abnormal eating behavior was more in PESD (10.7%) compared to NDD (2.9%) and SOC (0.4%) students (P < 0.05). Students of PESD, who skipped meal, had higher tendency to the risk of eating disorders (P < 0.05). In parallel, body shape perception was found to be marked with higher scores in NDD ($72.0{\pm}28.7$) and PESD ($71.5{\pm}32.8$) compared with SOC ($64.2{\pm}27.5$) students (P < 0.05). Considering BSQ-34 classification, high concern (moderate and marked) for body shape were more in PESD (7.4 %) compared to NDD (5.2%) and SOC (1.9%) students (P < 0.05). The body size judgement via obtained by the FRS scale were generally correlated with BMI. The Body Mass Index levels were in normal range (Mean BMI: $21.9{\pm}2.8kg/m^2$) and generally consistent with FRS data. CONCLUSIONS: Tendency to the abnormal eating behavior and substantial body shape perception were higher in PESD students who have more concern on body shape and were not well-educated about nutrition. In conclusion, substantial concern on physical appearance might affect eating behavior disorders in PESD students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the first part of this study was to evaluate the validity of the physical activity classification table for youth (Youth-PACT). The second part of this study was aimed at comparing the estimated energy requirement (EER) with the total energy expenditure (TEE) and evaluating the physical activity patterns of Korean children and adolescents. Methods: The subjects of the first part of the study were 17 children aged 10 to 12 years, and their total energy expenditure (TEE_DLW) was measured using the double labeled water (DLW) method. A total of 166 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years participated in the second part of this study. Their resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and the TEE_Youth-PACT and physical activity level were calculated by applying the Youth-PACT to the physical activity diary prepared by the subjects. Results: In the first part of this study, there were no significant differences between the TEE_DLW and the TEE_Youth-PACT. The TEE_Youth-PACT accurately predicted TEE_DLW in 37.5% of the subjects. In the second part of the study, the rates at which EER accurately predicted TEE _YouthPACT and overestimated TEE _Youth-PACT were 29.6% and 47.3%, respectively. The time spent based on intensity of physical activity and the physical activity categories which were obtained using Youth-PACT showed different patterns according to sex and age group. Age showed significant positive correlations with REE, TEE, and the time spent in sedentary behavior, but age was significantly negatively correlated with REE/body weight, TEE/body weight, and the time spent in low-intensity and high-intensity activities. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Youth-PACT can be used to evaluate the TEE and PAL of children and adolescents. However, further studies are needed to validate the TEE_Youth-PACT and to set the EER for children and adolescents.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.105-112
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• 2022

Innovation is considered as an implemented innovation in education - in the content, methods, techniques and forms of educational activity and personality education (methods, technologies), in the content and forms of organizing the management of the educational system, as well as in the organizational structure of educational institutions, in the means of training and education and in approaches to social services in education, distance and multimedia learning, which significantly increases the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process. The classification of currently known pedagogical technologies that are most often used in practice is shown. The basis of the innovative activity of a modern teacher is the formation of an innovative program-methodical complex in the discipline. Along with programmatic and content provision of disciplines, the use of informational tools and their didactic properties comes first. It combines technical capabilities - computer and video technology with live communication between the lecturer and the audience. In pedagogical innovation, the principles reflecting specific laws and regularities of the implementation of innovative processes are singled out. All principles are elements of a complex system of organization and management of innovative activities in the field of education and training. They closely interact with each other, which enhances the effect of each of them due to the synergistic effect. To improve innovative activities in the training of students, today computer technologies are widely used in pedagogy as a science, as well as directly in the practice of the pedagogical process. They have gained the most popularity in such activities as distance learning, online learning, assistance in the education management system, development of programs and virtual textbooks in various subjects, searching for information on the network for the educational process, computer testing of students' knowledge, creation of electronic libraries, formation of a unified scientific electronic environment, publication of virtual magazines and newspapers on pedagogical topics, teleconferences, expansion of international cooperation in the field of Internet education. The article considers computer technologies as the main building material for the entire society. In the modern world, there is a need to prepare a person for life in a multimedia environment. This process should be started as early as possible, because the child's contact with the media is present almost from the moment of his birth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.573-583
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• 2021

Energy requirement is defined as energy expenditure in an energy equilibrium state. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is considered the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE). In 2002, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies established dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Americans and Canadians, and the equations for estimated energy requirement (EER) were developed by using pooled data from studies that had applied the DLW method. Since 2005, these equations have been used for establishing EER in the DRI for Koreans. These equations based on age group include the physical activity (PA) coefficient determined by the PA level (PAL; sedentary, low active, active and very active) as well as body weight and height. The PAL values of Koreans calculated using the DLW method and PA diaries were determined to fall in the low active category (1.40~1.59). Therefore, the PA coefficient corresponding to 'low active' was applied to the EER equations. In recent years, with increasing number of people regularly engaging in various physical activities in Korea, EER is now separately presented for people with 'active' and 'very active' PALs. In the future, like the United States and Japan, Korea needs to expand the DLW research for developing EER predictive equations for Koreans. In addition, standardized guidelines should be prepared to accurately evaluate the PAL using the physical activity diary and the new PA classification table for Koreans.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.237-243
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• 2020

This study examines the inequality of female golf leaders in recruitment and promotion and investigates alternatives to overcome them. It consisted of in-depth interviews and observations of the participants of this researcher by 9 female golf instructors who were employed in the driving range and had more than 10 years of teaching experience. Area analysis and classification analysis were used, and expert consultation, triangulation verification, and reconfirmation with participants were performed. The results first, Female golf leaders were unable to compete equally in the network of male golf leaders who advanced first. Second, female golf leaders were faithful to the role theory of women who have been educated in Confucian culture in Korean society. Third, to overcome the gender inequality reality, education was selected and self-esteem was raised through education. Fourth, fair opportunities should be given through job postings and job standardization. Lastly, it was confirmed that the proportion of athletes soon leads to the proportion of leaders, and that the number of leaders becomes a condition for equality.