• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 1993

The ecotypic variation of Phragmites communis Trin. was studied from Aug. 1989 to March 1992 in three populations of salt marsh, estuary and fresh water areas of the western coastal regions in Korea. The length growth and aboveground total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. From three habitates were measured monthly and the seeds from them collected. Chlorophyll contents, bud number and width of Phragmites communis Trin. populations after their seeds were sown in seedbeds, and the growth of seedlings according to salt contents were also determined. The results lare summarized as follows: The height and basal diameter of shoot, leaf length and width, and total dry weight of Phragmites communis Trin. were very different from each other according to their natural habitats. The bud number of seeds was increased as sample sites moved from estuary to fresh water areas and salt marsh. The but the bud diameter turned out to be in reverse proportion to the bud number. The chlorophyll content of the population from fresh water was $8.6901{\mu}g/ml$, whereas that from estuary and salt marsh was $9.61801{\mu}g/ml$ and $10.3160{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The average length growth and total dry weight of seedlings grown at different salt contents were compared. Those of fresh water area decreased at salt contents lower than 0.5% in culture solution and those of estuary at higher than 0.5%, but the population of salt marsh was shown to be capable of sustaining itself at 1.0%. All of these results suggested that the populations of Phragmites communis Trin. in the western coastal regions of Korea have undergone ecotypic variations: fresh water type, estuary type and salt marsh type.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.960-968
• /
• 2023

The rhizome of Phragmites communis Trin. is used for vomiting and belching by clearing stomach and the sprout is used as tea. Phragmites japonica is similar with P. communis except the color of sheath is purple. This study is aimed to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity, total polyphenol and flavonoids contents of P. communis and P. japonica. The antioxidant activities of fractions from the two Phragmites plants were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity varied with plant parts and extract solvents. The fractions of leaf extract from the two Phragmites plants (4.06±1.32-16.47±1.28%) showed higher antioxidant activity by DPPH assay compared with rhizome fractions of two Phragmites plants (0.00±0.00-14.15±0.07%), these are lower compared with ascorbic acid and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA). The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was found for rhizome ether fraction, namely 74.95±0.56% and 73.04±1.85% for P. communis and P. japonica, these are higher than BHA. The total polyphenol and flavonoids contents were different with plant parts and extract solvents, likewise antioxidant activity. A significant correlation was shown between DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Considering the results of this study, the leaves and stems of P. communis and P. japonica are expected to be used as natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.503-509
• /
• 2006

To determine the minimum area for conservation of four Halophytic species populations, we evaluate the genetic diversity of four species based on the AFLP method using thirteen primer sets. Four species populations, Phragmites communis Trin, Suaeda japonica Makino, Zoysia sinica Hance, and S. maritima (L.) Dumort, from the southwestern coast of Korea, were selected for this study. The genetic diversity index ($\Psi_{ST}$) of Phragmites communis was 0.3856, Suaeda japonica 0.1445, Suaeda maritima 0.1669, and Zoysia sinica 0.2422. Based on the genetic diversity of population, we could determine the minimum area for conservation of each species as follows. P. communis needs $500{\times}500m^2$, S. japonica, S. maritima, and Z. sinica $100\times100m^2$ for keeping their genetic identity.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.172.1-172
• /
• 2000

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1976

Rhizomes of the common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) were incubated for three days in the dark. Methanol extract of the shoots was thin layer chromatographed with several solvent systems and visualized with five reagents. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Serotonin, tryptophan, and tryptamine were identified by cochromatography with the respective authentic compounds. Bufotenine, N-methylserotonin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine were tentatively identified by their Rf values and colour reactions. The presence of skatole and gramine was suggested. 2. It was esteemed that the common reed might have an active methylation/hydroxylation system of indole compounds at least for a period of time. 3. The presently devised 'overlap' thin layer chromatographic technique may be a useful tool for the identification of a compound whose Rf value was diverse from that of the authentic one by the interferance containing in a sample material.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.48-57
• /
• 2009

1. Objective : The object of this thesis is to find the basis of Constitution assignment of Nogeun(蘆根, Phragmites communis Trin.) used to the medication for Taeyangin. Also, it is to recognize what kind of Constitution of Mogeun(茅根, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii) is needed to be assigned to. 2. Methods "Dongyi Soose Bowon", 'SinchukBon', 'ChobonKwun', other related Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) books, herbal medicine books such as "Boncho Kangmok", and etc. were compared and researched. 3. Results & Conclusions : 1) Nogeun(蘆根) lowers Qi and harmonizes the body. Because of the effect of lowering soar-Qi(氣), it used to treat the symptoms of Taeyangin's vomiting(噎膈反胃, Stomach reflux due to dysphagia-occlusion). Also Yuksoo Nogeun(逆水蘆恨, Reed growing near the river in low scream) is the basis of considering inhale-gathering Qi effect as a major indication of Nogeun. 2) The theory of classifying White Mogeun as a Tae-eumin Medicinal is based on the effect of Radiating while classifying White Mogeun as a Taeyangin Medicinal is based on the effect of treating stomach reflux(反胃). But both basis are not conclusive and thus requires further study. 3) In "Sasang Geumge Bibang", the first text ever to write only about separate medicinals and Classified Foods (食物類) of each constitution, there were examples of Nogeun and Mogeun's usage based on other pre-existing medical texts. 4) Because White Mogeun is classified as Tae-yangin medication in "Dongmu Yugo", but classified as a Taeeumin's medication in "Dongyi Soose Bowon" 'ChobonKwun' and "Sasang Geumge Bibang", there remains a controversy.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 1983

Seasonal changes of the soil nutrient contents and aboveground biomass, relationship between the soil nutrients and the productivity, and the net efficiencies of solar energy conversion were studied in two reeed communities (Phragmites communis Trin.) at the salt marsh in the estuary of the Sumjin-River from April 30 to October 9, 1981. The inorganic nutrients such as exchangeable sodium and potassium of soil were decreased during growing season. The amounts of organic matter, exchangeable sodium and potassium, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus in stand $\prod$ were much more than those of stand $\coprod$ . Productivity of Phragmites communis was positively correlated with the soil nutrients such as available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and total nitrogen. The maximum dry matter productions of the aboveground parts in stand $\prod$ stand $\coprod$ were $ 1, 120g/m^2; and; 843g/m^2$ in August, and the net coversion efficiencies of PhAR based on growing season (April to September) were 1.77% and 1.33%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 1996

Tetrapion(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate sodium) has commonly been used for reed(Phragmites communis Trin.) control in uncultivated areas, especially in Japan. As an attempt to establish the screening system for selective herbicide controlling reed, tetrapion was tested as a standard herbicide to various weeds and crops including rice in a greenhouse. Symptoms of yellowing, twisting, stunting, and necrosis were observed in the herbicide-treated plants. The herbicide caused a severe damage on all crops examined, except cotton. Both direct seeded and transplanted rice were also sensitive to the herbicide. Its herbicidal activity was generally higher on grass weeds than on broadleaf weeds. It had a higher herbicidal activity with preemergence treatment than with postemergence treatment. In addition, field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the effect of the herbicide on reed control. Its effect varied with the soil type of the treated field and the growth stage of reed. A relatively high dosage of the herbicide was required to control reed. It had an almost same effect on fairygrass(Miscanthus sinensis Anderss) as on reed. However, reed grown in a greenhouse was effectively controlled by the herbicide, having more effect with preemergence treatment than with postemergence treatment as observed in other plants treated with the herbicide. In conclusion, tetrapion has a great potential as a standard herbicide during the herbicide screening for selective reed control.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.6B
• /
• pp.345-354
• /
• 2012

The main objective of this study is evaluating experimentally roughness coefficients of the Korean riparian vegetations based on the n-VR analysis to suggest the practical guideline for Manning's roughness coefficients for the channel design. Hydraulic experiments were conducted for Phragmites japonica Steud., Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., and Phragmites communis Trin. under both submerged and un-submerged conditions, and the n-VR relationships are developed for each grass. Three vegetations tested in this study can be considered as same group showing similar roughness characteristics, though these grasses are strongly affected by vegetation stiffness. Vegetation roughness are also affected by the growth state of plants according to experimental results of Phragmites communis Trin.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.2132-2137
• /
• 2009

갈대(Phragmites communis Trin.)란 염분이 있는 곳에서 자라는 염생식물로서 우리나라 전역에 분포하고 있다. 지난 50년 동안 우리나라의 여러 습지에 걸쳐서 갈대는 우점종으로 자라왔고, 육지와 수중서식지에서 갈대의 확산범위는 증가하고 있다. 갈대의 확산은 다른 습지 식물의 서식지를 파괴하고, 갈대가 번식하면 동 식물들의 번식 자체가 어려울 뿐 아니라 갈대숲에 포식자가 늘어나 살아가기 어려운 환경으로 변하기때문에 갈대를 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구는 우점종이 다른 두 습지에서 갈대군집의 성장률을 관찰하고, 토양의 화학적 분석과 식물의 생리적 분석을 통해 갈대군집 성장에 미치는 영양염류의 영향을 규명하였다. 연구 대상지는 한강하구에 위치한 장항습지와 성동습지로서 동일하게 갈대가 분포하며, 장항습지에는 줄 군락이 성동습지에는 새섬매자기 군락이 우점하고 있다. 분석 항목은 이화학적 항목을 비롯하여 용존유기탄소(DOC, dissolved organic carbon), 체외미생물효소활성도(Extracellular enzyme activities), 암모니아성 질소($NH_4^+$), 질산성 질소($NO_3^-$)을 분석하였다. 실험결과, 두 습지 갈대의 성장은 7월부터 9월에 증가하였고 성동습지의 토양성분이 점토질로 형성되어 높은 수분함량과 유기물함량을 유지하고 있기 때문에 갈대의 밀도가 높고 성장률이 활발한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미생물활성과 환경인자간 양의 상관관계를 보아 환경인자들이 미생물 활성을 자극하고 미생물들은 식물의 성장을 촉진하여 영향을 주며, 반면 식물 뿌리는 enzyme을 생성하는 미생물에게 C 삼출물을 공급해 enzyme 활성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.