• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.152-156
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• 1999

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare syndrome which causes postural headache associated with low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, without preceding events such as lumbar puncture, back trauma, operative procedure or illness. The headche is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, neck stiffness, vertigo, photophobia and in rare cases diplopia, transient visual obscuration. Brain MRI may show subdural effusion, downward displacement of brain and diffuse and continuous meningeal enhancement when enhanced by gadolinium. Low opening pressure was shown through lumbar puncture. The value of protein and cell count of CSF may be slightly elevated. This syndrome usually resolves itself spontaneously or with strict bed rest. When the headache is persistent or incapacitating, more aggressive treatment may be necessary. We treated two cases of SIH in which epidural blood patch produced immediate and complete relief of the symptoms.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.10-24
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• 2000

1. Objectives : Millions of people throuout the world are affected by some form of dry eye disorder. I made researches for more effective treatments for dry eye. 2. Methodes : I refered to occidental and oriental medical records. 3. The results were as follows : Common symptoms of dry eye are dryness, burning, irritation, grittiness, itching, fatigue of eye, photophobia, congestion, mattering and tear. Treatments of dry eye are to clear away heat and fire, remove dampness, replenish Um and promote production of body fluid, tonify the blood and replenish Ki. Acupunctre and moxibustion therapy of dry eye are as follows: Very busy points of traditional regular acupuncture are Sangsong, Chanjuk, Sajukkong, Chongmyong, Sabaek, Tongjaryo, Taeyang, Pungji, Tuimup, Paekoe, Un-gyo, Chonjong, Hapkok, Yangbaek, Kansu, Yanggye, Imup, Chok-samni, Taechung, Kwangmyong, Yang-gok, Uihui, Chohae, Haenggan. Less busy points of it are Oyo, Kuhu, Sungup, Konmyong, Konmyongl, Konmyong2, Sangmyong, SanghaChongmyong, Shinmyong, Osang, Shinjong, Yonghyang, Yaemyong, Chon-yu, Chon-ju, Kwallye, Naebi, Noeho, Tuyu, Mokchang, Ponshin, Shinhoe, Yepung, Okchim, Pungbu, Kokchon, Kollyun, Nae-gwan, Tae-nung, Samumgyo, Sokolkong, Shinsu, Um-gyo, Igan, Chongok, Choktaek, Kyonjungsu, Kokchi, Kongchoe, Kyuum, Kihae, Taekolkong, Taedon, Pino, Pisu, Sabong, Samgan, Kokchi, Shinmun, Shinmaek, Shimsu, Yangno, Aengmun, Yolgyol, Oegwan, Wijung, Chang-gan, Chungjo, Chungdo, Chigu, Chium, Chollyo, Tongni, Pungmun, Haryom. Very busy points of ear-acupuncture are Kan, Bi, Shin, An, Less busy points of it are Shim, Pye, Naebunbe, Mok1, Mok2, Shinmun, Ichom. Useful points of bleeding by needle are Taeyang meridian, Yangmyong meridian, Chono, Chonjong, Paekoe, Sangsong, Chanjuk, Sajukkong, nasal cavity. Useful points of moxibustion are Inchung, Huaryo, Shinchu, Pungmun, Kansu, Shimsu, Kokchi, Kongchoe, Sohae.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2020

The Senior-Loken syndrome was first described in 1961 as an oculo-renal disease consisting of familial juvenile nephronophthisis and Leber congenital amaurosis. It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a prevalence of 1:1,000,000 caused by mutations in nine genes (NPHP 1-8 and NPHP 10). Ocular manifestations (e.g., photophobia, nystagmus, and extreme hyperopia) occur within the first few years of life while renal manifestations (e.g., formation of multiple cysts impairing kidney function and end-stage renal disease) appear in late childhood to adolescence. Here, we report a case of a Filipino male presenting with rotatory nystagmus and progressive deterioration of vision since childhood. He had congenital amaurosis and juvenile nephronophthisis that progressed to end stage renal disease by age 19. All laboratory and imaging findings were consistent with chronic kidney disease. Molecular genetic testing of ciliopathy-related genes was performed revealing a homozygous mutation in exon 11 of the IQCB1/NPHP5 gene, c.1090C>T (p.Arg364^⁎). This sequence change created a premature translational stop signal resulting in a truncated protein product, nephrocystin-5 and its consequent loss of function. His symptoms eventually improved with initiation dialysis. The prognosis of Senior-Loken syndrome remains dismal and a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and timely intervention of renal complications are warranted.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2022

Background: Migraine headaches have been associated with sensory hyperactivity and anomalies in social/emotional responses. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential involvement of orexin 1 receptors (Orx1R) within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the modulation of pain and psychosocial dysfunction in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat model of migraine. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were injected with NTG (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every second day over nine days to induce migraine. The experiments were done in the following six groups (6 rats per group): untreated control, NTG, NTG plus vehicle, and NTG groups that were post-treated with intra-BLA microinjection of Orx1R antagonist SB-334867 (10, 20, and 40 nM). Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed using the hot plate and tail-flick tests. Moreover, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests were used to assess anxiety-like behaviors. The animals' sociability was evaluated using the three-chamber social task. The NTG-induced photophobia was assessed using a light-dark box. Results: We observed no change in NTG-induced thermal hyperalgesia following administration of SB-334867 (10, 20, and 40 nM). However, SB-334867 (20 and 40 nM) aggravated the NTG-induced anxiogenic responses in both the EPM and OF tasks. The NTG-induced social impairment was overpowered by SB-334867 at all doses. Time spent in the dark chamber of light-dark box was significantly increased in rats treated with SB-334867 (20 and 40 nM/rat). Conclusions: The findings suggest a role for Orx1R within the BLA in control comorbid affective complaints with migraine in rats.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to evaluate visual fatigue with passing of watching 3D TV in short term and with experience of watching 3DTV in long term. Methods: 98 adult subjects aged $33.5{\pm}5.5$ years (22 to 51 years; 12 females and 86 males) agreed to participate in this study. Subjects were asked to watch 52 inch LED 2D and 3D television (Shutter glasses method) at 2.7 meters for 65minutes with wearing their habitual glasses or contact lenses. For evaluating visual fatigue, subjects were verbally responded to 11 questions : eye straining, eye paining, dry eye, sore eye, watery eye, photophobia, blur vision, diplopia, eye fatigue, headache, and dizziness with scale 0 to 3 at each measurement while watching 3D and 2D TV. Results: The mean scores of visual fatigue were $2.08{\pm}2.14$, $3.19{\pm}3.02$, $3.40{\pm}3.37$, $3.53{\pm}3.07 $for after 5 minutes, 25 minutes, 45 minutes, and 65 minutes respectively for 3D TV, and $0.40{\pm}1.03$, $0.22{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.58$, and $0.17{\pm}0.52$ after 25, 45, and 65 minutes respectively for 2D TV. Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was significantly higher than for watching 2D TV at all measurements sessions (paired t-test, p < 0.001). The visual fatigue significantly increased during watching 3D TV for 65 minutes (p < 0.001, RM-ANOVA). The visual fatigue during watching 3D TV was significantly increased until 25 minutes (paired t-test, p < 0.001), stable after that. For correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience, the more 3D watching experiences were significantly the less visual fatigues in photophobia, blur vision, diplopic and dizzy symptoms (ANOVA, all F(1, 96) = 4.500, all p < 0.05), but there was not significantly different in the other symptoms (ANOVA, F (1, 96) = 2.123, p = 0.148). Conclusions: Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was higher than for watching 2D TV, increase by 25 minutes. It was different by symptoms for correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.240-248
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• 2000

Objective : Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rarely reported syndrome of spontaneous postural headache associated with low CSF pressure and has rarely been demonstrated radiographically or surgically. But recently, it is being recognized with increasing frequency. The purpose of this study was to characterize clinical and imaging features, etiologic factors, and outcome in the spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Patients and Methods : We reviewed our experience with documented cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in 5 consecutive patients with orthostatic headaches from April 1998 to April 1999. Results : The mean age was 41 years(from 35 to 49 years). All patients had postural headaches, which were completely alleviated by recumbency position. Nausea, neck pain, horizontal diplopia, photophobia, and blurred vision were noted in some of the patients. Brain MRI showed diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement, subdural collections of fluid, and descent of the brain. The opening pressure from lumbar puncture was $4cmH_2O$ or less in three of five patients whereas the opening pressure was within normal range in two patients. All patients underwent radioisotope cisternography and computerized tomographic myelography. On radioisotope cisternography, CSF leakage was suspected at the level of cervical area(1 patient), upper thoracic area(2 patients), mid-thoracic area(1 patient). Computed tomography myelography revealed extraarachnoid accumulation of contrast media(compatible finding with CSF leakage) at the level of cervical or thoracic area. In all patients, the symptoms resolved in response to supportive measures or epidural blood patch(1 patient). Conclusion : Spontaneous spinal CSF leakage is increasingly recognized as a cause of spinal postural headache. Most CSF leaks are located at the cervicothoracic junction or in the thoracic spine and can be demonstrated by variable diagnostic method. The condition is usually self-limiting and its prognosis is typically good.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2008

Purpose: To understand symptoms and signs in soft contact lens wearers the authors evaluate the attribution of the tear test to the contact lens related symptoms and signs. Methods: Sixty-two healthy soft contact lens wearers (23.95${\pm}$4.38 years old, 18.60${\pm}$16.92 months of prior lens wear) were participated in this study. 3 kinds of tear test and McMonnies' questionnaire test were performed for the soft contact lens wearers and subjective symptoms and objective signs were graded using CCLRU scales during the study period. Results: In this surveys, we found ocular dryness, redness and tiredness are the most common frequent and severe symptoms in soft contact lens wearers. Frequency of the ocular dryness, redness and tiredness are associated with grittiness, burning sensation and foreign body sensation respectively, and severity of the photophobia, foreign body sensation are associated with unstable vision and grittiness and which are associated with score of McMonnies' Questionnaire. Conjunctival redness and limbal redness are major signs but those are not need to be clinical care and rarely occurred corneal and conjunctival staining which are associated with tear break-up-time statistically. Conclusions: Dryness, redness and tiredness are primary common symptoms in Korean soft contact lens wearers. The frequency of those symptoms are increased with the period of soft contact lens wear and those are associated with other symptoms but have no relationship with signs.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

Binocular vision had a short history in Korea. As there were many near works in these days, the needs about comparative study have been increased. There was related to both refractive error and binocular anomalies, but it is difficult to applying for binocular vision expected findings in itself due to the fact that Korean differ from foreigner. Objects were 100 adults in 18-36 years old ages, The test was Von Gaefe method and used aparatus was phoropter(Shinnippon VT10)and visual chart(Shinnippon CT30). According to interview results was that symptom in near works were headaches 28.0%, blinking 27.3%, red eye 25.1%, eyepain 15.6%, watering 15.3%, itch 12.2%, photophobia 8.5% and eye strain 7.4%. A people who have above ${\pm}0.50$ D refractive error in total objectives (100-male 45/female 55) were classified into ametropia. There was a results such as emmetropia (12.0%), ametropia(88.0%), exophoria(32.0%), esophoria(12.0%). Far negative relative convergence were that in case of high 43.0%, in case of low 7.0%. Far positive relative convergence were that in case of high 15.0%, in case of low 38.0%. Near phoria was exophoria(32.0%), esophoria(12.0%). Near negative relative convergence were that in case of high 23.0%, in case of low 38.0%. Far positive relative convergence were that in case of high 29.0%, in case of low 23.0%. Near negative relative accommodation were that in case of high 10.0%, in case of low 14,0%, Far positive relative convergence were that in case of high 69.0%, in case of low 12.0%. Results were different from expected findings, and especially positive relative accommodation was very high, However, We suggest that the expected findings in Korea for several subjects must study in binocular function.