• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.135.2-135.2
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• 2014

Photon conversion technology for thin film solar cells is reviewed. The high-energy photons which are hardly absorbed in solar cells can be transformed the low energy photon by the photon conversion process such as down conversion or down shift, which can improve the solar cell efficiency over the material limit. CdSe-based quantum dot materials commonly used in LED can be used as the photon conversion layer for Si thin film solar cells. The photon conversion structure of CdSe-based quantum dot for Si thin film solar cells will be presented and the pros and cons for the Si thin film solar cells integrated with the photon conversion layers will be discussed.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2008

This paper discusses a photon-counting linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with computational integral imaging (II). The computational II method reconstructs three-dimensional (3D) objects on the reconstruction planes located at arbitrary depth-levels. A maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) can be used to estimate the Poisson parameters of photon counts in the reconstruction space. The photon-counting LDA combined with the computational II method is developed in order to classify partially occluded objects with photon-limited images. Unknown targets are classified with the estimated Poisson parameters while reconstructed irradiance images are trained. It is shown that a low number of photons are sufficient to classify occluded objects with the proposed method.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1998

Based on the escape cone concepts, high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been analyzed. In AlGaAs or InGaAlP LEDs, photon absorption in the ohmic region under the electrode is known to be significant. Thus, ins general, a thick window layer (WL) and a transparent substrate (TS) would minimize photon shielding by the electrodes and considerably improve photon output coupling efficiency. However, the schemes do not seem to be necessary in InGaN system. Photon absorption in ohmic contact to a wide bandgap semiconductor such as GaN may be negligible and, as a result, the significant photon shielding by the electrodes will not degrade the photon output coupling efficiency so much. The photon output coupling efficiency estimated in InGaN LEDs is about 2.5 - 2.8 times that of the conventional high-brightness LED structures based on both WL and TS schemes. As a result, the extenal quantum efficiency in InGaN LEDs is as high as 9% despite the presumably very low internal quantum efficiency.

• 청정기술
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2011

이광자 현미경(two-photon microscopy)은 다양한 생명현상을 살아있는 조직의 깊은 곳에서 관찰할 수 있다는 장점 때문에 차세대 영상기술로 발전하고 있다. 이에 따라 다양한 목적에 사용할 수 있는 이광자 센서의 개발이 활발하게 진행 중이다. 이 총설에서는 금속이온 이광자 센서에 관한 최근의 연구 결과를 소개하고자 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.298-302
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• 1989

The strengths of two-photon transitions from the ground state to excited vibronic states in benzene are calculated by using the CNDO/2-U wave functions. The role of vibronic coupling in two-photon absorption process is discussed. The $A_{1{\bar{g}}}-A_{2g}^+$ two-photon transitions, which are forbidden by the identity-forbidden selection rule in single frequency two-photon absorption, are too weak to be experimentally observed even when two photons of different energies are used. It is because the transitions are forbidden also by the pseudo-parity selection rule which are applicable for alternant hydrocarbons such as benzene. It is also shown that the vibronic coupling is not very effective in altering the pseudo-parity property of the electronic state. The strength of the vibronically induced two-photon absorption is strongly affected by the presence of an electronic state from which two-photon absorption can borrow the intensity. It is pointed out that the pseudo-parity selection rule may be violated in such cases.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2013

Two-photon microscopy (TPM), which uses two photons of lower energy as the excitation source, is a vital tool in biology and clinical science, due to its capacity to image deep inside intact tissues for a long period of time. To make TPM a more versatile tool in biomedical research, we have developed a variety of two-photon probes for specific applications. In this mini review, we will briefly discuss two-photon probes for lipid rafts, lysosomes, mitochondria, and pH, and their biomedical applications.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.338-340
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• 1987

The single-frequency two-photon absorption tensor is carefully rederived and examined. It is pointed out that the conventionally used tensor, which has been formally deduced from the different-frequency two-photon absorption tensor, can give an incorrect absolute two-photon absorption rate. The identity forbidded selection rule and the polarization ratio expressions are also examined with the new tensor.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2010

In this paper the object recognition performance of a photon counting integral imaging system is quantitatively compared with that of a conventional gray scale imaging system. For 3D imaging of objects with a small number of photons, the elemental image set of a 3D scene is obtained using the integral imaging set up. We assume that the elemental image detection follows a Poisson distribution. Computational geometrical ray back propagation algorithm and parametric maximum likelihood estimator are applied to the photon counting elemental image set in order to reconstruct the original 3D scene. To evaluate the photon counting object recognition performance, the normalized correlation peaks between the reconstructed 3D scenes are calculated for the varied and fixed total number of photons in the reconstructed sectional image changing the total number of image channels in the integral imaging system. It is quantitatively illustrated that the recognition performance of the photon counting integral imaging system can be similar to that of a conventional gray scale imaging system as the number of image viewing channels in the photon counting integral imaging (PCII) system is increased up to the threshold point. Also, we present experiments to find the threshold point on the total number of image channels in the PCII system which can guarantee a comparable recognition performance with a gray scale imaging system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on comparisons of object recognition performance with 3D photon counting & gray scale images.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2023

The Standard Model (SM) does not provide an information for 26% of dark matter of the universe. In the dark sector, dark matter is supposed to be linked with the hypothetical particles called dark photons that have similar role to photons in electromagnetic interaction in the SM. Besides astronomical observation, there are studies to find dark matter candidates using accelerators. In this paper, we searched for dark photons using future electron-positron colliders, including Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC)/CEPC, Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee)/Innovative Detector for Electron-positron Accelerator (IDEA), and International Linear Collider (ILC)/International Large Detector (ILD). Using the parameterized response of the detector simulation of Delphes, we studied the sensitivity of a double dark photon mode at each accelerator/detector. The signal mode is double dark photon decay channel, e⁺e^- → A'A', where A' (dark photon with spin 1) decaying into a muon pair. We used MadGraph5 to generate Monte Carlo (MC) events by means of a Simplified Model. We found the dark photon mass at which the cross-sections were the highest for each accelerator to obtain the maximum number of events. In this paper we show the expected number of dark photon signal events and the detector efficiency of each accelerator. The results of this study can facilitate in the dark photon search by future electron-positron accelerators.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

포톤 매핑은 대표적인 전역 조명 방법으로써 광원에서 많은 수의 포톤을 방출하여 이를 이용해 사실적인 렌더링을 수행한다. 하지만 매우 많은 수의 포톤을 추적하기 때문에 실시간 렌더링이 힘들고 많은 양의 메모리를 사용하는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 개선한 방법이 점진적 포톤 매핑이다. 기존의 점진적 포톤 매핑은 먼저 광선 추적법을 통해 각 광선과 물체와의 충돌 위치를 찾는다. 다음으로 포톤 추적 단계에서는 반복적으로 적은 수의 포톤을 방출하고, 충돌 위치를 중심으로 하며 고정된 반지름을 가지는 구 안에 들어오는 포톤으로 포톤의 밝기를 누적한다. 이 방법은 포톤 매핑보다 자원을 적게 소모하지만, 방출된 포톤이 임의의 방향으로 진행하기 때문에 충분한 포톤을 확보하고 부드러운 영상을 렌더링하기 위해 많은 시간이 필요하다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 포톤 탐사 단계를 추가하여 구 안에 들어오는 포톤들의 분포를 계산하고 그에 따라 구의 반지름을 조절하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 래디언스 추정 과정에 콘 필터를 적용하여 영상을 선명히 렌더링한다.