• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2000

Abstract Spirulina platensis was grown in SWlUe waste to reduce inorganic compowlds and simultaneously produce feed resources. Spirulina platensis prefers nitrogenous compounds in Ibe order: $NH_4^{+}-N>NO_3^{-}-N>simple-N$ such as urea and simple amino acids. It even consumes $NH_4^{+}-N$ first when urea or nitrate are present. Therefore, the content of residual $NH_4^{+}-N$ in Spimlina platensis cultures can be determined by the relative extent of the following processes: (i) algal uptake and assimilation; (ii) ammonia stripping; and (iii) decomposition of urea to NH;-N by urease-positive bacteria. The removal rates of total nitrogen ffild total phosphorus were estimated as an indicator of the treatment effIciency. It was found that Spirulina platensis was able to reduce 70-93% of $P_4^{3-}-P$, 67-93% of inorganic nitrogen, 80-90% of COD, and 37-56% of organic nitrogen in various concentrations of swine waste over 12 days of batch cultivation. The removal of inorganic compounds from swine waste was mainly used for cell growth, however, the organic nitrogen removal was not related to cell growlb. A maximum cell density of 1.52 dry-g/l was maintained with a dilution rate of 0.2l/day in continuous cultivation by adding 30% swine waste. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates were correlated to the dilution rates. Based on the amino acid profile, the quality of the proteins in the Spirulina platensis grown in the waste was the same as that in a clean culture.ulture.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2005

The focus of this study was to examine the phosphorus removal characteristic by zirconium mesoporous structured material synthesized on various conditions. The zirconium sulfate-surfactant mesoporous structured material(ZS) was synthesized by hydro-thermal synthesis. The material has regular hexagonal array of surfactant micelles and sulfate ion ($HSO_4{^-}$). We confirmed that sulfate ion in zirconium mesoporous structured material can be ion-exchanged with phosphate ion ($H_2PO_4{^-}$) in phosphoric acid solution. On the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of ZS, three peaks which shows the important characteristics of hexagonal crystal lattice were observed at (100), (110) and (200). The transmission electron micrograph (TEM) show high crystallization with pore size about $47{\AA}$. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZS was as great as 3.2 mmol-P/g-ZS. From the adsorption isotherm, correlation coefficients were higher for the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. With the respect of chain length of surfactant, the adsorption capacity for phosphate synthesized with C12 was higher than C16 and C18. The highest amount of adsorbed phosphate on ZS was observed at the surfactant-to-zirconium molar ratio of 0.5 to 1.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1578-1583
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin K (VK) supplementation on reproductive performance and bone metabolism-related biochemical markers in sows. Methods: Twenty-four Large White×Landrace sows (mean parity 4.04) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (NC diet, a basal diet with 0.5 mg/kg of VK₃; VK diet, a basal diet with 5 mg/kg of VK₃) with twelve replicates per treatment and one sow per replicate according to parity. The experiment started on day 107 of gestation and lasted until day 21 of lactation (weaning). Results: We observed that there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily feed intake, backfat loss of sows, live piglet number at birth and weaning, average birth weight, average weaning weight, and average daily gain of piglets between two treatments. The apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus was increased (p<0.05) in VK sows compared with NC sows. The serum bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type I procollagen amino-terminal peptide, and type I procollagen carboxyl-terminal peptide on day of farrowing were higher (p<0.05) in VK sows than in NC sows. The serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on day of weaning were lower (p<0.05) in VK sows compared with NC sows. Conclusion: Therefore, the overall results suggested that increasing dietary VK₃ (0.5 to 5 mg/kg) during lactation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and serum bone metabolism biochemical markers in sows.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2017

Pulse electroplating of Ni-P alloy was studied to fulfill the material requirement to the advanced vertical probe tip in wafer probe card. The major concerns are for the electrical conductivity and yield strength. Plating parameters such as current density, duty cycle and solution components were examined to obtain the nanocrystal structure and proper percentage of phosphorus, leading to how to control the nanocrystal grain growth and precipitation of $Ni_3P$ after heat treatment. Among the parameters, the amount of phosphorus acid was the main factor affecting on the grain size and sheet resistance, and the amount of 0.1 gram was appropriate. Since hardness in Ni-P alloy is increased by as-plated nanocrystal structure plus precipitation of $Ni_3P$, the concentration of P less than 15 at% was better choice for the grain coarsening without minus in hardness value. The following heat treatment made grain growth and dispersion of precipitates adjustable to meet the target limit of resistance of $100m{\Omega}$ and hardness number of over 1000Hv. The Ni-P alloy will be a candidate for the substitute of the conventional probe tip material.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.486-494
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• 2001

This study was performed to assess the nutrient intakes and diet quality of rural middle school students provided with and without the national school lunch program(NSLP). The data on dietary intakes were obtained by using food record method questionnaires which were collected from 340 rural middle school students provided with(n=177) and without (n=163) NSLP. Diet quality was accessed by NAR(nutrient adequacy ration), MAR(mean adequacy ration), and INQ( index of nutritional quality). Total energy intakes of the boys were 2123 kcal with NSLP and 1857 kcal without NSLP. Total energy intakes of the girls were 1913 kcal with NSLP and 1814 kcal without NSLP. Phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin intakes were above the RDA in the NSLP group. For those without NLSP, phosphorus, vitamin E, thiamin intakes were above RDA, however, calcium, iron vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$ were less than the RDA. The mean adequacy ration(MAR), an index of dietary quality was 0.69(with) 0.62(without) for males and 0.62(without) for females The indexes of nutritional quality(INQ) were over 1 for most nutrients except calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ and zinc. The study showed that total daily energy and nutrient intakes were significantly higher in students provided with than those without school-lunches. Thus, the school-lunch program is recommenced and necessary to improve the nutritional status of middle school students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1049-1070
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate dietary factors which influence the conditions of Korean fatty liver patients. The subjects were 83 fatty liver patients living in city, ages of 10 to 60 yrs old, and they were the same patients studied 9 months ago in previous study. The patients were groupsed into 3 groups(improved, similar, worsened groups) according to the changes in disease condition. Nutrient and alcohol intakes and health status were investigated. In improved group, the patients tended to lose weight, the number of exercising patients was increased, the consumptions of calorie, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus were decreased. And alcohol intake was decreased markedly and serum total amino acids(AA), EAA, NEAA, BCAA and AMAA contents, EAA/NEAA and BCAA/AMAA ratios were increased. In worsened group, patients tended to gain weight, the number of exercising patients decreased, the consumptions of calorie, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus and niacin decreased but vitamin. A intake increased. And also, in this group, alcohol intake of male patients decreased and that of female slightly increased, and serum EAA, BCAA and AMAA contents, EAA/NEAA and BCAA/AMAA ratios, and total fatty acid contents increased and total AA and NEAA contents decreased. In conclusion, it is desirable to reduced weight, stress, alcohol, salt and animal fat consumptions, and to exercise, and to take adequate amount and quality of protein to improve conditions of fatty liver patients.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to contribute to merchandising of native local foods. This study was designed to standardize the recipes and to analyze the nutrients of native local foods in Gijang region such as 'Myeolchijjigae', 'Galchijjigae' and 'Maejipjjim'. The test recipe for each food was prepared according to the information obtained from the personal interview of Gijang natives and then supplied for the sensory evaluation. After that, CAN Pro 2.0 was used for the nutritional evaluation. The results are as follows : Myeolchijjigae was preferred when radishes and traditional soybean paste were added. Galchijjigae was more liked when young pumpkins, mixed soy sauce and soybean paste were added. Maejipjjim was preferred with Aeji(Codium adhaerens), Warty sea squirt(Styela clava), soybean paste and powdered perilla seed(Perilla frutescens var. japonica) added. The analysis of nutrient composition revealed that in general energy content was low whereas protein content was as high as recommended requirement in Myeolchijjigae and Maejipjjim. Calcium and phosphorus were high in Myeol-chijjigae, vitamin A in Galchijjigae, and vitamin A, B_6$, folic acid, phosphorus and iron in Maejipjjim.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.642-655
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the effect of nutrient intake on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine(L2longrightarrowL4) in 41 postmenopausal women. The BMD of the lumbar spine was positively correlated with caiorie protein animal protein fat animal fat calcium animal calcium milk ad dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin animal calcium milk and dairy calcium phosphorus iron animal iron vitamin A thiamin riboflavin niacin and ascorbic acid intake. Postmenopausal wmen of BMD$\geq$100% showed enhanced calorie protein fat calcium phosphrous niacin intake compared women of BMD<100% In the group of calorie protein riboflavin intake$\geq$recommended dietary allowances(RDA) BMD was significantly higher than BMD in the group of these nutrient intakes$\geq$700 mg/d is significantly higher than BMD that of examined using stepwise multiple regression analysis. From this analysis in subjects aged 50~59 years fat intake only in subjects aged 60~69 years niacin intake Ca/P in total subjects fat riboflavin intake were signifiant independent predictors of BMD In the group of menopausal significant independent predictor of BMD This study suggests that dietary calcium is a major constituent affecting lumbar spin BMD in postmenopausal women whose menopausal period is over than 5 years.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 1967

1. The effect of the pH value on P32 absorption of leaves of three forest trees under the water culture is investigated. 2. The degree of the P32 absorption to the pH value is quite different in each forest tree. 3. The phosphorus contents are proved higher in the leaves of Quercus accutissima(the saw shaped oak) than in the leaves of Pinus densiflora(the red pine) and Lespedeza bicolar (bush clover). 4. Larger contents of phosphorus are found in acidity plots than in alkalinity. The leaves of treated plot of the pH 4 (red pine), of the pH 5.0 (bush clover), and of the pH 5.0-6.5 (saw shaped oak) have a higher nutrient capital as indicated by P32 compared with that of the other pH values. 5. It is also noticed that P32 absorption capacity is decreased with the higher pH values. 6. The content of P of leaves shows the lowest value in the plot of the pH 6.5 (pine), of the pH 7.5(bush clover), and of the pH 9.0(saw shaped oak). It is also noticed that the red pine is to do very well in acid cultivation and then follow bush clover and saw shaped oak in the order.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권2_2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2022

The steel wire or steel bar processing process applied to the manufacture of various bolts and power transmission shafts was improved by applying in-line phosphate film treatment technology. By applying a polymer lubricant for a non-reactive metal forming process and a non-reactive non-phosphorus lubricating coating agent, the film formation for each process time was comparatively analyzed and reviewed. Compared to the nine processes applied previously, the in-line phosphate film treatment technology applied with only two processes has been effectively improved in terms of reduction of treatment time, reduction of facility installation area, prevention of water pollution due to wastewater, and non-use of ozone-depleting substances. In addition, it was found that it can have an important effect on productivity improvement and price competitiveness from the simplification of quality control and process control as well as improvement of the working environment.