• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2011

Phosphorus (P) which is required by all living plants and animals is an important input for economic crop and livestock production systems. Phosphorus containing compounds are essential for photosynthesis in plants, for energy transformations and for the activity of some hormones in both plants and animals. Loss of soil P to water can occur in particulate forms of P with eroded surface soil and in soluble forms in runoff, soil interflow, and deep leaching. The excessive losses of P from agricultural systems can degrade water quality of surface waters, resulting in accelerating eutrophication. Thus, P is often the limiting element and its control is of prime importance in reducing the accelerated eutrophication of surface waters. However, reserves of phosphate begin to run out, the impacts are likely be immense in terms of rising food prices, growing food insecurity. This paper reviews underappreciated resource as a key component of fertilizers and one of controversial pollutant in terms agronomy and environment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.690-697
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• 2012

Approximately 67% of the total land area of the Korea is covered by forest. Eutrophication, defined as the enrichment of waters beyond natural levels, principally by the nutrient phosphorus (P), is a serious cause of concern at the present time. The contribution of forestry to P loading in catchment waters has not been intensively studied in Korea, but is potentially important because forests are often located in near-pristine environments. Phosphorus is retained by most mineral soils and, as a consequence, losses are usually negligible. However, it is much more mobile in organic soils where it can be relatively easily leached or lost through surface runoff, as these soils have a low capacity to retain free phosphate. This report has been prepared to study the influence of arable land used for paddy, upland, and forestry on water quality in the basin of Daechung reservoir.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.249-252
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• 1993

인산(燐酸)을 고농도(高濃度)로 공급하였을 때, 양분의 흡수(吸收) 특히 Zn과 Cu의 흡수를 알기 위하여 온실에서 수경재배(水耕栽培)로 시험을 수행하였다. 공급 인산 수준은 0, 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, 5.0mM의 5수준(水準)이었으며, 개량뽕(Morus alva L.)을 공시품종으로 2.5개월을 재배한 후, 식물체를 수확(收穫)하여 분석(分析)하였다. 건물중(乾物重)은 2.0mM 인산수준까지 계속 증가(增加)한 후 감소(減少)하였다. 잎의 수분함량(水分含量), total-N, P, K, Fe 등은 인산 공급수준과 비례(比例)하여 증가하였다. Total-Zn 함량은 인산수준에 따라 큰 차를 보이지 않았으나, 수용성(水溶性) Zn은 증가하는 반면 Cu는 감소하였다. 인산수준(燐酸水準)의 증가에 따라 $SO_4$와 Cl는 감소하다가 인산 2.0mM 이상에서 현저히 증가하였다. 인산 축적(蓄積) 뽕밭에서의 뽕잎 감소는 Cu의 흡수 저하와 $SO_4$와 Cl의 현저할 흡수(吸收) 증가에서 오는 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1983

호남야산(湖南野山), 신개간지(新開墾地) 토양(土壌)에서 대두(大豆)의 수량성(收量性)을 증대(増大)시키기 위(為)하여 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)의 시용방법(施用方法) 및 시용량(施用量)을 검토(検討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)의 시비방법(施肥方法)에서는 전층시비구(全層施肥区)에서 가장 높은 수량(收量)을 나타냈으며 국부시용구(局部施用区)에서 수량(收量)이 가장 낮았다. 2. 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)의 시비량별(施肥量別) 효과(効果)는 표층시비구(表層施肥区)에서는 인산흡수계수(燐酸吸收係数) 15%로 조절시용(調節施用)한 구(区)에서 수량(收量)이 높았으며 국부시비(局部施肥)와 전층시비(全層施肥)에서는 인산흡수계수(燐酸吸收係数) 10%로 조절(調節)한 시용구(施用区)에서 각각(各各) 수량(收量)의 증가(増加)가 현저(顕著)하였다. 3. 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)를 다량시용(多量施用)한 구(区)에서는 대체(大体)로 경태(茎太)가 굵고 분지수(分枝数)와 협수(莢数)가 증가(増加)되었다. 4. 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)의 다량시용(多量施用)에 따라 토양중(土壌中) 유효인산함량(有効燐酸含量)은 시험전(試験前) 9ppm에서 시험후(試験後)에는 48~223ppm로 증가(増加)되었으며 염기류(塩基類)의 함량(含量)도 대체(大体)로 증가(増加)되었다. 5. 식물체(植物體)의 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量)과 수량(收量)과는 r=0.948로 정(正)의 유의상관(有意相関)이 인정(認定)되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1988

인산(燐酸) 축적지(畜積地) 토양(土壤) 149점(點)(시건설원예지(施設園藝地) 60점(點), 마늘, 양파, 고추 재배지(栽培地) 89점) 에 대한 무기태인산(無機態燐酸)의 형태별(形態別) 조성(造成)과 유효인산(有效燐酸) 함량(含量)과의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총(總) 인산(燐酸)에 대한 무기태인산(無機態燐酸)의 분포비(分布比)는 68.9%(Sa-p 2.7, Al-p 26.4, Fe-p 27.6, Ca-p 12.2), 유기태인산(有機態燐酸)은 6.7%, 유효인산(有效燐酸)은 26.0%이었따. 2. 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)과 무기태인산(無機態燐酸) 함량(含量)과의 상관관계(相關關係)에서 Al-p와는 0.1%에서 유의성(有意性)있는 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었으며, Sa-p, Ca-p 순으로 유의성(有意性)을 보였고 Fe-p와는 일정한 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내지 않았다. 3. 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)과 무기태인산(無機態燐酸) 함량(含量)과의 다중회귀분석(多重回歸分析) 결과(結果) $Av.P=81.694+0.858Sa-p^{***}+0.648Al-p^{***}+0.091Ca-p^{**}(R=0.826^{***})$의 관계식(關係式)을 얻었으며, 각 성분(成分)의 기여도(奇與度)는 Sa-p 26.1, Al-p 65.2, Ca-p 8.7%이었다. 4. 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)과 수용성인산(水溶性燐酸), 수용성인산(水溶性燐酸)과 $0.01M-CaCl_2-p$와는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었고, $0.01M-CaCl_2$ 용액(溶液)에 의한 30분(分) 추출법(抽出法)은 토양용액(土壤溶液) 인산(燐酸)을 신속(迅速) 간편(簡便)하게 추정(推定)할 수 있는 방법(方法)으로 생각되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권3호
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• pp.443-453
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• 2012

본 연구는 아까시나무 유묘에서 뿌리혹 형성에 가장 적절한 배양토의 종류와 토양의 양료 수준을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 상업용 상토, 완숙 혹은 미숙 퇴비, 유기질 비료, 산림용 고형비료, 화학비료 등의 토양 첨가물을 이용하여 질소와 인의 수준을 다양하게 조절한 후 포트에 아까시나무 종묘를 식재하여 3개월 간 온실에서 실험을 실시하여 초기 뿌리혹 형성에 적절한 토양 환경을 조사하였다. 피트모스, 질석, 지올라이트를 함유한 상업용 상토는 높은 보수력으로 인해 초기 활착과 건중량 생산에는 적절하였으나 무기 양료 중 질소(0.052%), 인(91 ppm)의 부족으로 인해 뿌리혹 형성에는 부적합하였다. 퇴비는 미숙 퇴비이건 완숙퇴비이건 구별 없이 뿌리혹 형성에 가장 유리했는데, 질소(0.08-0.21%)와 인(141-1,228 ppm)의 함량이 적절하였지만, 칼륨(0.14-1.58 cmol/kg)의 함량은 부족한 편이었다. 화학(복합)비료는 토양 내 질소(0.14-0.21%), 인(406-618 ppm), 칼륨(1.39-3.13 cmol/kg)의 함량을 적절한 수준으로 유지하여 초기 건중량 생산에는 지장을 주지 않았지만 뿌리혹 형성에는 부적절하였다. 산림용 고형비료는 뿌리혹 형성에 적합한 반면, 유기질 비료는 뿌리혹 형성에 적합하지 않았다. 배양토에는 적절한 수준의 질소(0.05-0.2%)와 인(100-600 ppm)이 함유되어 있을 경우에 초기 뿌리혹 형성이 제대로 이뤄졌다. 아까시나무 유묘의 경우 토양의 질소와 인 중에서 질소보다 인이 초기의 뿌리혹 형성을 더 촉진하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.206-206
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• 2022

Sustainable agriculture is a potential strategy to enable agricultural cultivation systems to feed the growing population under climate change. Sustainable agriculture consists of environment-friendly farming methods that allow the production of crops with minimal harm to the ecosystem. Early establishment in rice might be helpful to adopt sustainable agriculture with less inputs, such as water and phosphorus fertilizer. Two QTLs conferring tolerance to abiotic stress and low nutrition condition, DTY4.1 and Pup1, respectively, are effective for good establishment in the early growth stage under low water and phosphorus fertilizer application. We developed 'Sechanmi' and 'MSI 1-DTY' harboring Pup1 and DTY4.1 into MS11, a japonica rice variety adaptable to tropical regions, using Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MABC). MS 11-PD lines were developed to meet the demand for less water and P fertilizer application throughout the growth stage of rice. In the F5 generation, water-saving or rainfed cultivation was performed in different P (phosphorus) content. Irrigation was applied only when severe drought was observed one month after transplanting. There was no significant difference observed between the parents and MS11-PD lines in low P conditions. However, MS11-PD lines had more tillers in P-supplied conditions compared to that of the parents 40 and 50 days after transplanting. Under the same amount of P, MS11-PD lines might have higher phosphorus uptake capacity than the parents, increasing the number of tillers and showing better early establishment. The better vegetative growth stage is one of the factors that can potentially increase production by way of higher number of panicles. Through this breeding strategy, it is possible to attain sustainable agriculture by applying less P and water to address the need of a growing population.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2019

Phosphorus is a vital resource for sustaining agriculture and nutrition, but a limited non-renewable resource. Thus, the recovery of phosphorus from waste activated sludge(WAS) was attempted by microwave heating and magnesium ammonium phosphorus(MAP) crystallization. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs) in WAS release phosphate from the cell when they are exposed to high temperature environments. Microwave heating caused phosphorus and ammonia to release from WAS. The amount was increased with increasing temperature, showing that 88.5% of polyphosphate present in the cells were released in the form of phosphate at $80^{\circ}C$. A similar result was also observed in the release of ammonia. On the other hand, both phosphorus and ammonia were crystallized with magnesium, and then was harvested as MAP. Phosphorus recovery rate reached almost 97.8%, but the ammonia was about 13.4%. These results cleary indicate that phosphorus could be recovered from WAS using a physiological trait of PAOs. Heavy metal analyses also show that the MAP crystal is useful and safe as a phosphorus fertilizer.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2015

An estimation of the requirement of minerals based on growth stage and cropping pattern is very important for greenhouse zucchini. This study was performed at farmer's field which was applied with a fertigation system and a semi-forcing cultivation from Feb. to July in 2014, and nitrogen levels were set up with x0.5, x0.75, x1.0 and x1.5 of the NO3-N-based soil-testing recommendation for zucchini cultivation. Top dressing of nitrogen (basal : top = 4 : 6) and potassium (basal : top = 3 : 7) was applied with an interval of every two weeks from two and six weeks after transplanting, respectively, and phosphorus was totally supplied with basal dressing. The nitrogen uptake was the order of x1.0, x0.75, x1.5 and x0.5, phosphorus, x1.0, x0.75, x0.5 and x1.5, and potassium, x0.75, x1.0, x1.5 and x0.5. From these results, it was suggested that highest mineral uptake could be reached between x0.75 and x1.0 of the NO3-N-based soil-testing recommendation. In conclusion, nutrient management based on the growth stage was proven to be better method for favorable growth and yield of zucchini.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.788-793
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• 2011

To evaluate fertilizer value of animal cadavers for agricultural recycling, fertilizer components of animal cadavers by pig and poultry were investigated using rendering and alkali (KOH) treatment methods. Total nitrogen concentrations in meat waste by pig and poultry using rendering treatment method were 7.80% and 9.30%, respectively. Total nitrogen concentration in meat waste of pig by KOH treatment method was lower than that by rendering treatment method. Organic matter concentrations in meat waste of pig and poultry ranged 87.8~97.4%. Total phosphorus concentrations in bone waste of pig using rendering and KOH treatment methods ranged 5.59~11.18%. Animal cadavers contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients essential to plant growth. The results of this study suggest that animal cadavers can supply some of the nutrient requirements of crops and is a valuable fertilizer as well.