• 제목/요약/키워드: Phosphatidylcholine(PC)

검색결과 90건 처리시간 0.03초

Physicochemical Properties of Phosphatidylcholine (PC) Monolayers with Different Alkyl Chains, at the Air/Water Interface

  • Yun, Hee-Jung;Choi, Young-Wook;Kim, Nam-Jeong;Sohn, Dae-Won
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2003
  • Physicochemical properties of a series of PC monolayers with different alkyl chains (C24, C20, C16, and C8), at the air/water interface were investigated. The surface pressure is influenced mainly by the hydrophobicity of the PCs, which is confirmed by the curve shape and the on-set value of π-A isotherms at the air/water interface by increasing the number of alkyl chain. The on-set values of surface pressure were 125 Ų/molecule for DOPC(C8), 87 Ų/molecule for DPPC(C16), 75 Ų/molecule for DAPC(C20), and 55 Ų/molecule for DLPC(C24), respectively. The orientations of alkyl chains at the air/water interface are closely connected with the rigidity of the monolayers, and it was confirmed by the tendency of monolayer thickness in ellipsometry data. The temperature dependence of a series of PCs shows that the surface pressure decreases by increasing temperature, because the longer the alkyl chain length, the larger the hydrophobic interaction in surface pressure. The temperature effects and the conformational changes of unsaturated and saturated PCs were confirmed by the computer simulation study of the cis-trans transition with POPC and DPPC(C16). The cistrans conformational energy difference of POPC is 62.06 kcal/mol and that of DPPC(C16) is 6.75 kcal/mol. Due to the high conformational energy barrier of POPC, phase transition of POPC is limited in comparison with DPPC(C16).

쥐뇌 미토콘드리아 분획에서 포스포리파제 D에 대한 스퍼민의 영향 (Effect of Sperrnine on Phospholipase D Activity in Rat Brain Mitochondrial Preparation)

  • 고은희
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제44권5호
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    • pp.448-452
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    • 2000
  • 포스포리파제 D(PLD)는 인지질의 말단염기를 가수분해하여 phosphatidic acid(PA)와 염기로 분리시키는 효소이다. 본 연구는 쥐의 뇌에서 분리한 미토콘드리아 분획에서 PLD를 활성에 미치는 spermine의 영향을 조사하였다. 올레산 존재하에서 spermine이 PLD를 활성화시켰으며 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ 그리고 $Ba^{2+}$는 spermine의 영향을 더욱 강화시켜주는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 아민들은 별 효과가 없었으나 histamine경우 높은 농도에서 PLD를 활성화시켰다. Polylysine들도 PLD를 활성화시켰으며 그 길이가 길수옥 더욱 효과적으로 작용하였다. 기질 특이성에 있어서는 phosphatidylcholine(PC)과 phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이 기질 특이성은 쥐 소장 미토콘드리아 PLD의 PE 특이성과 상이한 것으로 나타났다.

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Methylmercury Toxicity Is Induced by Elevation of Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through Activation of Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C

  • Chin, Mi-Reyoung;Kang, Mi-Sun;Jeong, Ju-Yeon;Jung, Sung-Yun;Seo, Ji-Heui;Kim, Dae-Kyong
    • 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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    • pp.13-13
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    • 2003
  • Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that can be exposed to humans by ingestion of contaminated food including fish and bread. MeHg has been suggested to exert its toxicity through its high reactivity to thiols, generation of arachidonic acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and elevation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ levels ([$Ca^{2+}$$_{i}$). However, the precise mechanism has not been fully defined. Here we show that phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) is a critical pathway for MeHg-induced toxicity. MeHg activated the acidic form of sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) and group IV cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) downstream of PC-PLC, but these enzymes as well as protein kinase C were not linked to MeHg's toxicity. Furthermore, MeHg produced ROS, which did not cause the toxicity. However, D6O9, an inhibitor of PC-PLC, significantly reversed the toxicity in a time- and dose-dependent manner in MDCK and SH-5YSY cells. Addition of EGTA to culture media resulted in partial decrease of [$Ca^{2+}$$_{i}$ and partially blocked cell death. In contrast, D609 completely prevented cell death with parallel decreases in diacylglycerol and [$Ca^{2+}$$_{i}$. Together, our findings indicated that MeHg-induced toxicity was caused by elevation of [$Ca^{2+}$]$_{i}$ through activation of PC-PLC. The toxicity was not attributable to the signaling pathways such as $cPLA_2$, A-SMase, and PKC, or to the generation of ROS.

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식물 종자지방 합성대사 연구의 최근 동향 (Current research on seed oil biosynthesis)

  • 김현욱;이경렬;김은하;정수진;노경희;강한철;김종범
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.10-18
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    • 2014
  • 식물지방은 인간의 필수지방산과 영양 공급원 이외에 산업원료와 바이오 연료로 사용되고 있다. 식물지방은 색소체에서 지방산이 합성되어 소포체로 이동되어 최종적으로 중성지방으로 합성 축적되는 복잡한 대사과정을 거친다. 최근 연구결과에 의하면 종자지방 합성에 있어서 기존에 알려진 케네디 경로 이외에 세포막의 주요 인지질인 PC가 종자지방 합성에 있어 중요한 역할을 하며 종자지방에 존재하는 지방산의 불포화도를 조절하는데 핵심 역할을 함이 밝혀졌다. 또한 색소체로부터 소포체로의 지방산 이동에 PC가 직접적인 운반체 역할을 할 가능성이 제시되고 있다. PC가 종자지방 합성에 중요한 역할을 한다는 결과는 앞으로 PC가 어떤 기작에 의해 지방산을 종자로 이동시키며 소포체의 어느 특정부위에서 지방을 합성하는지에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 한다.

탄수화물이 Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Candida 세포의 인지질 합성과 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Carbohydrates on the Biosynthesis of Phospholipids and Fatty Acid Composition in Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Candida Cells)

  • 조선희;이종삼
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.8-30
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    • 1994
  • 탄수화물(포도당, 서당, raffinose)을 각각 처리한 배지에서 배양한 진균류(Aspergillus phoenicis, Rhizopus acidus, Candida albicans)의 세포에서 일어나는 지질대사 특히 인지질 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 서당은 Aspergillus와 Candida의 생장에, 포도당은 Rhizopus의 생장에 최적의 당이었다. 포도당은 Aspergillus와 Rhizopus total lipid 합성에, Raffinose는 Candida total lipid 합성에 가장 유용한 것으로 조사되었다. 포도당 처리는 Aspergillus의 Pl를 73.7%, Rhizopus의 PC를 292% 증가시켰다. 서당 처리는 Aspergillus의 Pl를 112%, Rhizopus와 Candida의 PC의 함량을 77.7%와 71.8%의 촉진 현상을 보여 주었다. Raffinose 처리는 Aspergillus에서 PC의 함량을 29.5% 증가시컸고, PE의 함량은 Rhizopus에서 50.9%, Candida에서 49.1% 촉진하였다. Aspergillus와 Candida의 당 처리구에서 PC와 PE를 구성하는 주요 지방산은 주로 oleic acid와 linoleic acid이었다. 인지질을 구성하는 주요 지방산으로 Aspergillus에서는 palmitic acid와 linoleic acid, Rhizopus에서는 palmitic acid, Candida에서는 palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid로 조사되었다. 이들 3진균류가 당 처리시 인지질 합성에 공통으로 이용하는 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid로 분석되었다.

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Catalytic Properties of Phospholipase D using Phosphatidic Acid as an Activator

  • Eun-hie Koh;Myung-Un Chol;Kwanyoung Jung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.595-599
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    • 1989
  • The effects of phosphatidic acid(PA) on the activity of phospholipase D were examined in detail. The enzyme activity was examined in the liposome system containing phosphatidylcholine and PA, which was suspended in a desired buffer solution by ultrasonication. The substrate of large unilamella vesicle (LUV) state by ultrasonication was more effective on the enzyme activity than that of multilamella vesicle(MLV) by water-bath type sonication. The most effective molar ratio of PC-PA liposome for enzyme activity was found to be 1:0.7. The other optimum conditions were found 5 mM $Ca^{2+}$ ion, pH 6.6, and incubation temperature of $27^{\circ}C. K_m \;and \;V_{max}$ values were estimated to be 1.43 mM and 0.8 $nmole/min/{\mu}g$ protein respectively. These properties in a PC-PA liposome system were compared with those in a PC-SDS mixed micelle system. The effects of other phospholipids and organic phosphates on the enzyme activity were also examined.

Involvement of Phospholipase D in Norepinephrine Uptake in PC12 Cells

  • Rhee, Jong-Joo;Oh, Sae-Ock;Kim, Young-Rae;Park, Jong-Il;Park, Seung-Kiel
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 2009
  • Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme hydrolyzing phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. We investigated the involvement of PLD1 in the uptake of norepinephrine (NE) in PC12 cells, pheochromocytoma cells. NE uptake was specific in PC12 cells because nomifensine, a specific blocker of NE transporter, blocked NE uptake. Inhibition of PLD function in PC12 cells by the treatment of butanol suppressed the NE uptake. In contrast, overexpression of PLD1 in PC12 cells increased NE uptake efficiently. These results suggest that PLD activity is involved in NE uptake. We explored the action mechanism of PLD in NE uptake. PA phosphatase inhibitor, propranolol, blocks the formation of PKC activator diacylglycerol from PA. Propranolol treatment to PC12 cells blocked dramatically the uptake of NE. Specific PKC inhibitors, GF109203X and Ro31-8220, blocked NE uptake. Taken together, we suggest for the first time that PLD1 activity is involved in NE uptake via the activation of PKC.

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양친매성 고분자전해질 도입을 통한 리포좀의 안정도 증진에 관한 연구 (Improved Stability of Liposome by Association of Amphiphilic Polyelectrolytes)

  • 조은철;임형준;김준오;장이섭
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2007
  • 일반적으로 cyclodextrin (CD)은 liposome의 구조를 불안정하게 만드는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 양친매성 고분자전해질을 리포좀에 도입하여 CD에 대한 리포좀의 안정도를 증진시키는 연구를 수행하였다. Transmission electron microscopy와 photocorrelation spectroscopy 결과들로부터 ${\beta}-CD$ (${\beta}CD$)와 hydroxypropyl-${\beta}CD$ ($HP{\beta}CD$)를 함유하는 리포좀에 고분자가 도입되었을 때 CD를 함유하는 phosphatidylcholine (PC)-cholesterol (Chol) 리포좀보다 우수한 구조적 안정성을 나타내었다. 또한, rhaponticin (Rh)을 $HP{\beta}CD$에 포접시키고 이를 함유하는 PC-Chol 리포좀과 고분자가 도입된 리포좀의 안정도를 비교해 보았을 경우도 마찬가지로 고분자가 도입된 리포좀이 월등히 향상된 구조적인 안정성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 더불어 guinea pig의 피부조직을 사용하고 franz-cell을 통한 in vitro 피부흡수실험을 수행한 결과, $HP{\beta}CD$에 의해 가용화된 Rh의 피부흡수가 고분자가 도입된 리포좀에 의해 증진됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 상기 결과들은 양친매성 고분자 전해질의 도입에 따라 CD에 의해 가용화된 특정한 활성성분을 함유하는 리포좀의 구조적인 안정성을 효과적으로 증진시킬 수 있음을 확인시켜 주었으며, 이렇게 향상된 리포좀의 구조적인 안정성을 통해 약물전달시스템 측면에서 많은 응용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Chlorella ellipsoidea 엽록체의 인지질 생합성 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 탄소원의 효과 (Effect of Carbon Sources on the Synthesis of Phospholipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Chloroplast of Chlorella ellipsoidea)

  • 정효선
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 1990
  • Chlorella cells were cultured with M4N media treated with glucose (5 mM) sucrose (10 mM) and raffinose (30 mM). Phospholipids and their fatty acid compositions were analyzed in the chloroplast isolated from cultured Chlorella cells. Growth rate was prominently raised in the treatment with raffinose. Glucose was the most excellent carbon source in the biosynthesis of total lipid, phosphatidylcholine(PC), phosphatidylethanolamine(PE), phosphatidylinositol(PI) of the chloroplast. Also, the major fatty acids were palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid during the biosynthesis of phospholipid in the control and in the treatment with carbon sources.

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Transdermal and topical LMWH delivery from ultradeformable and other vesicles: Characterization and in vitro and vivo permeation studies

  • Hyun, Myung-Ja;Park, Jeong-Sook;Kim, Chong-Kook
    • 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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    • pp.247.2-247.2
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    • 2003
  • To increase skin permeability of LMWH (Low Molecular Weight Heparin), ultradeformable liposomes were developed. Ultradeformable liposomes were developed by Egg phosphatidylcholine (Egg-PC) and edge activator. Entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and zeta potential of vesicles were determined and characterized for deformability and stability. Transepidermal permeation of LMWH was compared to saturated aqueous control in vitro. The steady-state flux and its maximum time were calculated from the flux curves. (omitted)

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