• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2008

Inhibitive effects of chromate, phosphate, sulfate, and borate on chloride pitting corrosion of Al have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry. During the anodic oxide growth, the critical concentration of chloride for pit initiation decreased in the order: chromate > phosphate > sulfate > borate, and the maximum pitting current density increases in the reverse order: chromate < phosphate < sulfate < borate. The decreasing pitting current density was observed in the successive polarization cycles, which was attributed to the aging of Al oxides and field relaxation at oxide/solution interface.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.289-299
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• 1995

The effects of phosphate coating have been studied on physical properties and corrosion resistance of painted aluminum alloy sheet for automobile body. The physical properties (surface roughness, paint adhesion, impact resistance and pencil hardness) and corrosion resistance(cyclic corrosion and filiform corrosion) were investigated. Phosphate coatings enhanced the physical properties of painted Al alloy sheet, especially paint adhesion after the 240hours water immersion test. Phosphate coating also markedly improved the resistance for cyclic corrosion and filiform corrosion of painted cold rolled steel and Zn-Ni plated steel sheet as well as painted Al alloy sheet. The corrosion resistance of painted Al sheets was varied with the concentration of free fluoride ion and metal additives like Ni and Mn in the phosphating bath. A maximum corrosion resistance was obtained at about 300ppm of fluoride ion and additives of Ni and Mn obviously increased the corrosion resistance of painted specimens.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.211-214
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• 2018

A 14-year-old intact female Yorkshire terrier was presented with a 2-month history of shivering, intermittent pelvic limb weakness and collapse. Biochemical abnormalities revealed inappropriately increased serum insulin concentration with persistent hypoglycemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple various sized nodules in liver and fine-needle aspirates of the nodule showed typical neuroendocrine cells with high cellularity. Computed tomography (CT) revealed well-defined hyperattenuating mass in the right pancreatic lobe with homogenous enhancement. CT findings were consistent with a pancreatic tumor with malignant metastasis. Treatment was initiated with low-dose prednisolone and toceranib phosphate. The dog was maintained stable with no more progression of clinical signs and it is worth to try toceranib phosphate in a dog with metastatic insulinoma for improving the quality of life.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

In this study Bacillus subtilis PTCC 1023 was used for the production of protopectinase using soybean based media. The use of isolated soybean protein (ISP) and soybean flour resulted in similar protopectinase production and growth rates. The effect of medium composition on protopectinase production was studied using central composite design (CCD) methodology. The change in the concentration of ISP (1-7%), glucose (0-10%), and phosphate (0.1-0.3 M) was found to affect the protopectinase activity (response variable) after 24 hr of cultivation. In the range studied, ISP and glucose had a negative effect on the response variable, whereas phosphate had a positive effect. A statistically significant interaction was identified between phosphate and ISP, suggesting that correct optimization of medium formulation in this case can only be obtained using factorial design of experiments. Protopectinase activity exceeding 215 U/mL was obtained in a medium containing 4% ISP, 0.3M phosphate, and no added sugar.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.415-419
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• 1994

A simple nad rapid colorimetric method for the assay of amodiaquine hydrochloride, chloroquine phosphate and primaquine phosphate is described. The method is based on the interaction of the drug base with bromophenol blue to give a ion-pair complex. The spectra of the complex shows a maxima at 415-420 nm with high apparent molar absorptivities. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 1-8, 2-10 and $2-12{\;}{\mu}{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ for amodiaquine hydrochloride, primaquine phosphate and chloroquine phosphate respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of these drugs in certain formulations and the results were favourably comparable to the official methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2010

The overall indicator of microbial activity in the fermentation-extinction reaction of food waste by using bio wood-chips were investigated by considering adenosine tri-phosphate(ATP). Degradation rate of organic compounds, which was represented by chemical oxygen demand(COD) and total nitrogen(TN), was increased with the concentration of adenosine tri-phosphate during fermentation-extinction reaction of food waste by using bio-wood chips. With this view, the ATP would be one of the overall evaluation indicator of organic degradation in the species of bio-wood chip for the fermentation-extinction of food waste.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1991

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of lime and phosphate application on the changes of number of soil microorganisms, indigenous Rhizobium japonicum, nodule formation, and ureide-and amide-N in leaf and stem exudate of soybean plant under uncultivated hillside red earth in very low pH value, organic matter, available phosphate, and cation exchange capacity. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The plant height, stem length, root dry weight and nodule weight were significantly increased with the application of lime and phosphate application than that of control plot. 2. The concentration of amide-N in soybean plant at the 45 days after sowing was obtained as high in order of control>lime> lime+phosphate while the concentration was obtained in order of Iime+phosphate>lime> control at flowering stage 3. However, concentration of ureide-N in the soybean leaf at the 45 days after sowing was obtained as high in order of control>lime>lime+hosphate while reversed concentration was obtained in stem. 4. The number of soil microorgan isms were increased with increase of pH value, available phosphate and soil exchangeable cation. 5. Significantly negative high correlation were obtained with the concentration of Al, Fe in soil and the concentration of amide-and ureide-N in soybean plant at flowering stage while positive correlation was obtained with plant growth and the concentration of ureide-N.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.371-375
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• 2006

To investigate effects on the growth and ginsenosides accumulation in ginseng hairy root, potassium phosphate was supplemented with 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mM concentration in 1/2 MS medium, respectively. Potassium phosphate supplement was increased the biomass and ginsenosides accumulation when it was dose at the concentration of 1.25 mM. And the growth rate of hairy root in the light condition was higher than in dark condition. The highest contents and productivity of ginsenosides were observed at the supplement of 1.25 mM potassium phosphate at the 7th day after the culture onset. Ginseng hairy root cultured in 20 L bioreactor supplemented with 1.25 mM KH$_2$PO$_4$ was increased the growth with 1,609 g (F${\cdot}$W) and ginsenosides content with 11.09 mg than those in control.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.789-798
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• 2004

Physicochemical characteristics of Kwangyang Bay, have been investigated on the effects of inputting rivers just after rainy season in summer 2003. The results ranged from 4.96～8.01 mg/L for DO, 1.16～3.09 mg/L for COD, 7.21～67.71 uM for DIN and 0.12～121.84 uM for phosphate. The COD of Yeosu Area was 1.19～3.09 mg/L, Kwangyang Area was 1.23～2.76 mg/L. The COD of Wallae cheon in Yeosu Area was 3.09 mg/L and Donghoan in Kwangyang Area was 2.76 mg/L. The reason of high COD might be industrial sewage of organic chemical plants and iron foundry. DIN of Yeosu Area and Kwangyang Area were 7.21～63.43 ${\mu}M$ and 8.43～67.71 ${\mu}M$ respectively. The average phosphate of Yeosu Area was 23.65 u. The source of phosphate might be industrial sewages of fertilizer plant and phosphate gypsum stocked with high amounts. The metal concentrations were measured in the range of 1.01～175.10 ${\mu}g/L$ for Cu, 0.13～1.78 ${\mu}g/L$ for Cd, 1.13～5.21 ${\mu}g/L$ for Pb, 1.58～13.57 ${\mu}g/L$ for Cr and 1.07～20.68 ${\mu}g/L$ for As. The average Cu concentration was 78.99 ${\mu}g/L$ in Kwangyang Area. The source of Cu might be industrial sewage of iron foundry. The average Cr concentration of Yeosu Area was 9.07 ${\mu}g/L$. That is 2 times higher than Kwangyang Bay 5.74 ${\mu}g/L$, because of sewage of chemical plants.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.286-296
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• 2007

To increase phosphate (P) availability in soils, the efficiency of silicate (Si) in reducing P adsorption was investigated by competitive adsorption tests under changing conditions of pH, ion concentrations, and order of anion addition along with single adsorption properties of each ion at $20^{\circ}C$. In the single ion adsorption study, P and Si ions showed the opposite reaction patterns: phosphate adsorption decreased with increasing pH and attained adsorption maximum however, silicate adsorption increased with increasing pH without attaining adsorption maximum. Phosphorus and Si adsorption were influenced by pH in the range of 5.0 - 9.0 and the type and amount of P and Si concentration. Silicate added to soil before P or in a mixture with P significantly reduced P adsorption above pH 7.0; however, there was no significant Si-induced decreased in P adsorption at pH 5.0 when anions were added as mixture. The efficiency of Si in reducing P adsorption increased with increasing Si concentration and pH. The effect of P on Si adsorption was relatively small at pH 5.0 and no effect of P on silicate adsorption was observed at pH 9.0. The presence of Si strongly depressed P adsorption when Si was added before P compared to P and Si added as a mixture. These results suggest that application of Si may decrease P adsorption and increase the availability of P in soils. Furthermore, a Si source would be better to add before P application to enhance the availability of P in soils.