• 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2006

Recently, many researchers have been interested in children with phonological disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine those children in comparison with normal children and to find better assessment criteria of the whole-word approach. Three children with phonological disorders and three normal children of 5 to 7 years old participated in the picture description tasks. Results of this study were as follows: there was a significant difference in the whole-word assessment between normal and phonological disorder children. Such criteria as whole-word correctness, whole-word complexity, whole-word intelligibility proved to be good for diagnosing children's phonological disorders. Further studies would be desirable to apply the approach to more children of various age groups.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate two phonological error patterns on coronal feature of children with functional articulation disorders and to compare them with those of general children. We tested 120 children with functional articulation disorders and 100 general children from 2~4 years of age with 'Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Chidren(APAC)'. The results were as follows: (1) 37 disordered children substituted [+coronal] consonants for [-coronal] consonants (fronting of velars) and 9 disordered children substituted [-coronal] consonants for [+coronal] consonants (backing to velars). (2) Theses two phonological patterns were affected by the articulatory place of following phoneme. (3) The fronting pattern of children with articulation disorders was similar with that of general children, but their backing pattern was different with that of general children. These results show the clinical usefulness of coronal feature in phonological pattern analysis, the need of articulatory assessment with various phonetic context, and the importance of error contexts in clinical judgment.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

This study was aim to compare the phonological error patterns and PCC(Percentage of Correct Consonants) derived from the single word and spontaneous speech contexts of the speech sound disorders with unknown origin(SSD). The present study suggest that the development phonological error patterns and non-developmental error patterns of the target children, in according to speech context. The subjects were 15 children with SSD up to the age of 5 from 3 years of age. This research use 37 words of APAC(Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Children) in the single word context and 100 eojeol in the spontaneous speech context. There was no difference of PCC between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts. Significantly different developmental phonological error patterns between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts were syllable deletion, word-medial onset deletion, liquid deletion, gliding, affrication, fricative other error, tensing, regressive assimilation. Significantly different non-developmental phonological error patterns were backing, addtion of phoneme, aspirating. The study showed that there was no difference of PCC between elicited single word and spontaneous conversational context. And there were some different phonological error patterns derived from the two contexts of the speech sound disorders. The more important interventions target is the error patterns of the spontaneous speech contexts for the immediate generalization and rising overall intelligibility.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2005

This study investigated the reading ability of Korean second-graders and the relationship between reading and phonological awareness and RAN (Rapid Automatized Naming) ability. A language-based reading assessment battery was used. Children at the end of the Korean second-grade were still at the developmental stage of decoding skill and seemed to be at Chall's stage 1. Findings indicated significant correlations between reading ability and phonological awareness and between reading ability and RAN ability. Therefore, the importance of phonological processing could be extended to syllable-based alphabetic languages.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the phonological discrimination ability and phonological working memory of 10 typically developing children aged 4, and 10 other children with Specific Language Impairments whose language age is similar. In orders to compare their phonological discrimination ability among phonological awareness, discrimination tasks were conducted at the syllable and phoneme levels. Also, in order to compare their phonological working memory, the subjects repeated nonsense syllables. The research results may be summarized as follows: First, the children with Specific Language Impairments demonstrated a lower performance than the typically developing children in phonological discrimination ability at both syllable and phoneme levels, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant. Second, the children with Specific Language Impairments exhibited a lower phonological working memory performance in all syllables compared with normal children. Although there was no significant difference in 2 and 3 syllables, a significant difference appeared as the length of the syllables became longer from 4 to 6 syllables. It is deemed necessary to conduct research into qualitative and quantitative differences through an formal assessment of the phonological awareness and phonological working memory of children with Specific Language Impairments.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2008

The present study examined multicultural family children's articulation accuracy and phonological process using Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children(APAC), and compared them with normally developing children. The subjects of this study were 24 multicultural family children between ages 3 years, 6 months and 3 years, 11 months. The multicultural family children's articulation accuracy was significantly lower than the normally developing children's. In case of the normally developing children, phonological processes the multicultural family children showed were observed at a younger age and did not appear at the age of the children participating in this study. The Japanese multicultural family children and the non Japanese multicultural family children showed different rate of the changes. This result shows that articulation development in the multicultural family children may be different among them according to the classification and that the children's error patterns are related to their mothers' native language. The results of this study are proposed to be applicable to articulation assessment and treatment.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the literary approach using a game strategy on young children's phonological awareness and writing abilities. The subjects were selected from two classes of 'H' and 'M' Kindergarten in G city. The research tools used were the Phonological Awareness Ability Test, which was corrected by Jo, Kim, and Jeong(2006) and used to measure young children's phonological awareness abilities, and Lindberg(1987)'s Kindergarten Writing Assessment which was adapted and used by Noh(1994) in order to assess writing abilities. The literary approach activity using a game strategy used in this study resulted in an improvement in young children's phonological awareness abilities and writing abilities. These results suggest that these activities are valuable tools and can be applied successfully in the childhood education field as teaching aids.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the syllable and phoneme frequencies in the spontaneous speech of some Korean children. Sixty four normally developing children aged from 2 to 5 were involved (male: female=1 : 1, 16 children in each age group). Fifty connected utterances were analyzed using the KCLA (Korean Computerized Language Analysis) 2.0 and Exel. The findings were as follows: 1) /i/ was the most frequently used syllable and was followed by /yo/, /k/, /s'/, /nen/ and so on. 2) The most frequently used Korean phonemes were syllable-initial consonant /k/, syllable- medial vowel /a/ and syllable-final consonant /n/. 3) All seven syllable final consonants (/p,t,k,m,n,n,l/) were used more frequently in the word-medial position than in the word-final position. Three syllable initial consonants(/k, I, s'/) were used more frequently in the word-medial position than in the word-initial position. The syllable and phoneme frequencies in the Korean children's spontaneous speech will provide valuable information in interpreting the severity of phonological disorder and in developing tools for the Korean phonological assessment and intervention.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

This study investigated longitudinally early vocalization and phonological developments of typically developing children. Ten typically developing children participated in the study from 9 months to 18 months of age. Spontaneous utterance samples were collected at 9, 12, 15, 18 months of age and phonetically transcribed and analyzed. Utterance samples were classified into 5 levels using Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised(SAEVD-R). The data analysis focused on 4 and 5 levels of vocalizations classified by SAEVD-R and word productions. The percentage of each vocalization level, vocalization length, syllable structures, and consonant inventory were obtained. The results showed that the percentages of level 4 and 5 vocalizations and word significantly increased with age and the production of syllable structures containing consonants significantly increased around 12 and 15 months of age. On average, the children produced 4 types of syllable structure and 5.4 consonants at 9 months and they produced 5 types of syllable structure and 9.8 consonants at 18 months. The phonological development patterns in this study were consistent with those analyzed from children's meaningful utterances in previous studies. The results support the perspective on the continuity between babbling and early speech. This study has clinical implications in early identification and speech-language intervention for young children with speech delays or at risk.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Much research attention has been directed to identify how native speakers perceive non-native speakers' oral proficiency. To investigate the generalizability of previous findings, this study examined segmental, phonological, accentual, and temporal correlates of native speakers' evaluation of L2 Korean proficiency produced by learners with various levels and nationalities. Our experiment results show that proficiency ratings by native speakers significantly correlate not only with rate of speech, but also with the segmental accuracies. The influence of segmental errors has the highest correlation with the proficiency of L2 Korean speech. We further verified this finding within substitution, deletion, insertion error rates. Although phonological accuracy was expected to be highly correlated with the proficiency score, it was the least influential measure. Another new finding in this study is that the role of pitch and accent has been underemphasized so far in the non-native Korean speech perception studies. This work will serve as the groundwork for the development of automatic assessment module in Korean CAPT system.