• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2011

Tumor angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and tumor metastasis, depends on angiogenic factors produced by tumor cells and/or infiltrating cells such as endothelial cells and immune cells in tumor tissue. Previously, we reported that licochalcone A (LicA), an important bioactive compound of Glycyrrhiza inflate, suppresses angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of LicA on angiogenin production in colon cancer cells because angiogenin is an essential factor to regulate angiogenesis and tumor progression. When we examined the angiogenin levels in three human colon cancer cells, HT-29, SW480 and Caco-2, LicA treatment significantly reduced the amounts of angiogenin among three cancer cell lines. In an in vivo study in which mice were implanted with HT-29 cells, oral administration of LicA reduced angiogenin in tumor tissues when compared with vehicle-administered mice. These results suggest that reduced angiogenin in response to LicA treatment may play essential role to inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis as well as metastasis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.137-140
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• 2002

From the MeOH extract of the aerial part of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) (Family: Orchidaceae), eight compounds have been isolated on repeated column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated as dotriacontanoic acid (1), beta-sitosterol (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), docosanoic acid oxiranylmethyl ester (4), hentriacotanoic acid (5), octadecanoic acid (6), benzoic acid (7) and gastrodin (8) on the basis of their spectral evidences including EI-Mass and 2D-NMR spectrum. All of them were obtained from the aerial part of Gastrodia elata Blume for the first time, in which compound 4 is a novelty to our best knowledge. It is also known that a phenolic glucoside, gastrodin is a major constituent just like Gastrodia rhizome.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.52-61
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• 2000

Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) and poplar(Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa) trees were collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$(7:3, v/v) after drying, fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, and freeze dried to get some brown powder. Each fraction of the powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluting solvents. The wood extractives of black locust contained (+)-leucorobinetinidin as flavan, robtin as flavanone and dihydrorobinetin as flavanonol, and robinetin as flavonol. The poplar bark extractives contained various kinds of phenolic compounds : (+)-catechin as flavan, naringeoin, eriodictyol, sakuranetin, aromadendrin and taxifolin as flavanonol, salireposide as salicin derivative, and minor compounds such as aesculin and p-coumaric acid. However, aesculin has not been reported as a constituent of the poplar bark in Korea yet. NMR and FAB-MS analyses were done to elucidate the structures of isolated phenolic constituents.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2010

In this study, we analyzed and quantified the amounts of bioactive phenolic constituents, xanthotoxin (1), oxypeucedanin (2), and imperatorin (3) in each part of the root of Angelica dahurica by HPLC, which validated by ICH guide lines comparing the linearity, intra day precision, inter-day precision. As a result, the amount of imperatorin 2.96% in the rootlet was two fold higher than that of the main root 1.32%. On the other hand, the amounts of xanthotoxin and oxypeucedanin in the rootlet showed similar to those of main root. In addition, the cortex of root is more plentiful of three consitituents (0.66%, 0.53%, and 1.85%) than those of xylem (0.29%, 0.05%, and 0.07%). These results show that the rootlet and cortex contain a large amount of bioactive phenolic constituent including xanthotoxin, oxypeucedanin, and imperatorin than other parts of the root.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.656-663
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• 2011

Licochalcone, a major phenolic constituent of the licorice species Glycyrrhiza inflata, a constituent of licorice, exhibits various biological properties, including chemopreventive-, antibacterial-, and anti-spasmodic activities. Recently, Licochalcone E (LicE) was isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflate, however its biological functions have not been fully examined. In the present study, we investigated the ability of LicE to regulate inflammation reactions in macrophages. Our in vitro experiments using murine macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, showed that LicE suppressed not only nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ generation, but also the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly, LicE inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6. The underlying mechanism of LicE on anti-inflammatory action correlated with down-regulation of the nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B. Our data collectively indicate that LicE inhibited the production of several inflammatory mediators and might be used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1588-1593
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• 2015

Contents of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins of mulberries (Morus alba L.) cultivated in a greenhouse (GH) and open field (OF) were evaluated by HPLC during maturation. In the case of phenolic acids, caffeic acid ($96.37{\sim}824.00{\mu}g/g$), coumaric acid ($19.45{\sim}68.23{\mu}g/g$), ferulic acid ($4.50{\sim}18.66{\mu}g/g$), and sinapic acid ($15.61{\sim}29.27{\mu}g/g$) were detected. The major phenolic acid was caffeic acid, and its content increased in the initial stage and decreased in the last stage. The phenolic acid content of OF mulberries was higher than that of GH mulberries. Contents of two major flavonoids, quercetin, and kaempferol, were $44.17{\sim}1,661.73{\mu}g/g$ and $108.67{\sim}360.20{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Quercetin content decreased with maturation stage, whereas kaempferol content remained constant in GH mulberries but increased in OF mulberries. In the case of cultivation methods, quercetin content of OF mulberries was higher than that of GH mulberries. Contents of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, and pelargonidin were $30.43{\sim}6,443.88{\mu}g/g$, $0{\sim}52.10{\mu}g/g$, $1.06{\sim}1,650{\mu}g/g$, and $1.92{\sim}401.97{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Anthocyanin content increased with maturation stage, and anthocyanin content of OF mulberries was higher than that of GH mulberries. OF mulberries in the last stage of maturation had higher contents of functional substances than other conditions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

Gastrodia elata Blume (Chunma) belongs to Orchidaceae, which is a perennial parasitic herbaceous plant and grows in the woods of the central provinces of China, Korea and Japan. Recently, the constituents of the tubers of this plant have been investigated by researchers who have revealed the presence of phenolic compounds including gastrodin as a major constituent, together with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin, 4,4-dihydroxybenzyl sulfoxide, vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, beta-sitosterol, organic acids and polysaccharides, etc. In this study, we used ultrasonicator and two kinds of enzymes for enhancement of extraction yield. We also used electronic nose for the aroma pattern analysis of Chunma extracts. The concentrations of glucose and functional constituents (gastrodin, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) were measured by biochemistry analyzer and HPLC, respectively. Therefore, we showed that the yield of extraction was increased and discomfortable odor was reduced.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1994

Platelets play a very important role in nomal hemostasis and their functions are more enhanced in various pathogenic states than in normal state. Especially it has been postulated that abnormal platelet and endothelium function might be major factors of microcirculatory disturbance in diabetes mellitus. Hydroxybrazilin, a phenolic constituent of Hematoxylon campechianum has been examined for its inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Its antiaggregatory effect might be mediated through the decrease of ATP release from dense granule and those of thromboxane $A_2$ production in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The present study was undertaken to gain insight into the mechanism that hydroxybrazilin inhibited thromboxane $A_2$ production in platelets. Thus we measured the effect of hydroxybrazilin on phospholipase $A_2$, a rate limiting step of thromboxane $A_2$ production, in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hydroxybrazilin significantly inhibited the platelet phospholipase $A_2$ activity in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2008

The current work was designed to assess novel pharmacological activities of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HD), a major phenolic constituent of various natural products of plant origin, such as Gastrodia elata Blume. HD exhibited a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis. HD also displayed an inhibitory effect in acetic acid-induced permeability in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of HD was convinced using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. HD was able to suppress production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. HD also diminished the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated in the LPS-activated macrophages. In brief, HD exhibits anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities possibly via down-regulating iNOS and/or COX-2, which may be partly responsible for pharmacological efficacies of various natural products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

Chlorogenic acid, formed of an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, which is naturally abundant in many plant species, was used as a model O-dihydoxy phenolic compound. In the previous study, we have reported that the isolated constituent from Apocynum venetum leaves has an inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Among them, chlorogenic acid showed the most potent anti-LDL oxidative activity than other compounds. For the reason, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the chlorogenic acid on $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative modification of LDL, monitored a lag time in the conjugated-diene formation and TBARS formation, and measured TNBS free amino acid group, and form cell formation in vitro system. The TBARS- and diene- formation were strongly inhibited by chlorogenic acid ($0{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/ml$) with dose dependent manner. On the other hand, TNBS reactive lysine amino groups on LDL oxidation were protected by chlorogenic acid- treated cell group. Therefore, chlorogenic acid inhibited to cholesterol accumulation in the isolated peritoneal macrophage.