• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.195-213
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify novel extracts of brawn algae with the high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity. To achieves this, an composition, deodorant performance and free radical scavenging activity were analyzed in powder and water extracts of Ecklonia cava(PEC/EEC), Saccharina japonica(PSJ/ESJ), Eisenia bicyclis(PEB/EEB), Sargassum spp.(PSS/ESS) and Hizikia fusiformis(PHF/EHF) using several analytical methods. Major component of five powders was verified as PEC, phlorotannin; PSJ, alginic acid and glutamic acid; PEB, carotenoid, chlorophyll, phlorotannin, tocopherol and fucoxantin; PSS, ${\beta}$-carotene and polyphenol; PHF, tannin. The highest level of DPPH scavenging activity was detected in EEC($IC_{50}=23.018{\mu}g/ml$), followed by EEB, ESJ, EHF and ESS. The deodorizing performance to ammonia was maintained high level in PEC, PSJ, PEB and PSS, while PHF showed low level in the same condition. But, the deodorizing performance to acetic acid was slightly higher in PSJ and PEC than those of PEB, PSS and PHF. Based on the results of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing capacity, we selected fractions of S. japonica as leading extracts and further prepared the 70% acetone extract (AESJ) and 70% ethanol extract (EESJ) from PSJ. The contents of total flavonoid, total phenol and total condensed tannin was significantly increased with 112-209% in AESJ and EESJ compared to those of ESJ. Also, a similar enhancement was observed on the level of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing performance against ammonia/acetic acid in AESJ and EESJ. Therefore, these results suggest that AESJ and EESJ contained with high total phenol and total condensed tannin contents may exhibit high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for antibacterial deodorant.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.921-927
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to improve the breeding efficiency and consumption of red onion by analysis of chemical components. The red cultivar S&P5294 ($52.9mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ F.W.) resulted in the highest sugar content, and sweetness whereas 'Redprime' had the lowest. For the pyruvic acid content the cultivar 'Redsun' showed the highest value, followed by 'Sunpower' (yellow onion) and S&P7270. Breeding lines had higher sugar content and sweetness than 'Redprime' and 'Sunpower', while they had less pyruvic acid value than 'Redsun' and 'Sunpower'. The the same trend was verified for the total phenol and total flavonoid, of which breeding lines were found to have more content than 'Redprime' or 'Sunpower'. Three major flavonoids, rutin (quercetin glycoside), myricetin, and quercetin, were identified and quantified whereas kaempferol was not detected in all cultivars. Rutin was the major flavonoid present in all cultivars (136.9 to $169.9{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ F.W.), followed by quercetin (62.5 to $135.7{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ F.W.). Relatively smaller amount of myricetin (11.2 to $16.1{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ F.W.) was also detected. Among nine cultivars, 'Redsun' exhibited significantly ($p$ < 0.05) higher content of quercetin and rutin (135.7 and $169.9{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ F.W., respectively), and S&P5296 had the highest content of myricetin($16.1{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ F.W.). Breeding lines had more quercetin, rutin and myricetin contents than the cultivars 'Redprime' and 'Sunpower'. Hampyeong had the highest content for total phenol and total flavonoid, followed by Andong and Changyeong whereas Changyeong had the highest value for rutin, myricetin and quercetin followed by Hampyeong and Andong. Among red onion cultivars, 'Redsun' showed the highest value for anthocyanin, followed by S&P5295 and S&P5296, which the cultivar 'Redprime' had significantly (p<0.05) lower content(35.5 mg%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 1995

Alley cropping field experiment has been carried out for 24 months in lime-stone based dryland farming area of southern Bali to study the chemical composition and nutritive value of 16 provenances of Gliricidia sepium The design was a completely randomized block: arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (G. sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), Panama (P), Costa Rica (R) and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment, the gliricidia were lopped at 150 cm height regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season. The highest ash, mineral, total soluble phenol, prussic acid and digestibility were in V1; the highest crude fiber component was in M39; the highest gross energy was in P13, while the highest organic matter was in M35. Based on the highest nutritive constituents, V1, C24 and G14 were ranked first, second and third respectively, while based on the lowest non-nutritive constituents C24, V1 and N14 were ranked first, second and third, respectively. The importance of such provenances as source of nutrients for the ruminant during the dry season were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2002

To collect the basic data for the use of major softwood and hardwood vinegar, the chemical compositions were analized. In softwood vinegar the phenolic compounds derieved from lignin and extractives are vanillin, guaiacol, 3-methylphenol, acetoguaiacone, 1,2-benzenediol, ethylguaiacol, pyrocatechol. The compound derived from carbohydrates is 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one. The isolated compounds are the most in the phenolic fraction, and in the vinegar of Pinus koraiensis. In hardwood vingar 2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-djmethoxyphenol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -ethanone, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylalcohol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethanone are the compounds derived from lignin and extractives. 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,4-cyclopen-1-one, methyl-4-t-butyl-2-furoate are the major compounds derived from the decomposition of carbohydrates. Many different kinds of compounds are analized in the neutral, phenolic and acidic fraction of hardwood vinegar The amount and kinds of compounds in hardwood vinegar are more higher than those of softwood than in softwood.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2001

To analyze chemical compositions of softwood vinegar prepared with continuous carbonized kiln, the chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS spectrometry. The results were summarized as follow : 1. The amounts of methylalcohol and acetic acid and of vinegar were 0.12% and 0.8% respectively, and acidity was 0.85 2. Perfume components of vinegar were frufual, 5-meayl-2-furancarboxyaldehyde, 2,3-pentanedione, 2-butanol, 2,3-dihydrofuran, 1-(2-furanyl)-etanone, benzaldehyde, 2-furan carboxyaldehyde and acetic acid. 3 Vinegar prepared from softwood, so that murk amount of guaiacyl compound and phenol derivetives are produced from lignin and extractives was analγzed. 4 The yield of 4-methyl-di-tert-butylphenol was the highest in the nutural and carbonyl and acetic acid in the acid fractions, 3-ethylpentane in the basic fraction, and guaiacol in the phenolic fraction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.251-254
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• 2006

This study was conducted to identify changes of chemical components affected by different drying method and temperature conditions in leaves and stems of peony plant. Drying methods were the dried air heated $(50^{\circ}C)$, far-red ray $(50^{\circ}C)$, room temperature and oven dry $(50^{\circ}C)$. Drying temperature were 40, 50, 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$ on far-red ray dryer. Among the drying methods, the contents of components were the highest in far-red drying and normal temperature drying as compared with air heated drying and oven drying. Among the drying temperature conditions, the contents of components were the highest in drying temperature at $40^{\circ}C$ and decreased in high temperature of $70^{\circ}C\;and\;80^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.481-485
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• 2014

The applicability of the dipping, ultrasonic-assisted, heating methods to the extraction of useful components from Zostera marina was investigated. For the increase of the extraction yield of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid from Zostera marina, ionic liquids and DES were used as additives in the extraction solvent. The optimum extraction conditions were found: dipping extraction, methanol as extraction solvent, 0.005 g of freeze-dried material powder, 5 mL methanol, 30 min and 0.5 g of DES-3 ($Et_4NCl$ and phenol) as additive. As a result, 0.19 mg/g of caffeic acid and 8.48 mg/g of rosmarinic acid were obtained. This method is simple and sensitive, and has been applied successfully to determine the component of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid in Zostera marina and these results indicate that DES were used as additives is more suitable than traditional extraction for the extraction of useful components from Zostera marina.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.971-980
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• 2019

We profiled the health-promoting bioactive components in nine types of soybean seeds with different seed coat colors (yellow, green, brown, and black) and investigated the effects of different extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water) on their antioxidant activities. The carotenoid and anthocyanin compositions varied greatly by seed color, and the phenolic acids, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents differed by genotype. The carotenoid content was relatively higher in soybean seeds with green and black seed coats than in those with a yellow seed coat while lutein was the most plentiful. The anthocyanin content was considerably higher in the soybean seed with the black seed coat. The results of the DPPH assay showed strong antioxidative activities in the methanol- and water-extracts compared to the ethanol-extract, irrespective of the seed coat colors. Moreover, the soybean seeds with the black seed coat exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the samples, regardless of the extraction solvent used. Eighteen bioactive compounds were subjected to data-mining processes including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Multivariate analyses showed that brown and black seeds were distinct from the yellow and green seeds in terms of the levels of carotenoids and anthocyanins, respectively. These results help our understanding of the compositional differences in the bioactive components among soybean seeds of various colors, providing valuable information for future breeding programs that seek to enhance the levels of compounds with health benefits.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.104-114
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• 2016

In this study, the quality characteristics of different drying methods of Cirsium setidens Nakai, which contains large amounts of biological substances, were investigated for the improvement of their practical use. During the drying period, the weight reduction was the highest with hot-air drying(82.7%). As for the general component and mineral contents analysis results of Cirsium setidens Nakai, there were no significant difference. Cyclic low pressure drying resulted highest amount of total phenolic components and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hence, cyclic low pressure drying method is the best method for enhancing antioxidant activity of Cirsium setidens Nakai.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.451-458
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• 2011

Adhesives derived from renewable resources allow wood panel producers to make lower cost alternatives to formaldehyde-based adhesive resins. Among them, adhesive components extracted from industrial by-products or wastes are the most important research fields in the efficient utilization of waste and cost reduction. In our study, the rapeseed flour, which is a by product from the production of biodiesel extracted from rapeseed, was introduced to develop alternative adhesives for the production of wood flooring. The rapeseed flour was hydrolyzed with 1% sodium hydroxide solution and PF prepolymers were prepared with 3-molar ratios, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4. The linear fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the glue bond quality in wood flooring composed of fancy-veneered and plywood, and the formaldehyde emission and adhesive penetration were also investigated. The formaldehyde emissions of wood flooring met the requirement of the standard of $SE_0$ specified in the KS standard. The rapeseed flour adhesive penetrated sufficiently into the vessel elements and lumens in fancy veneer and plywood and gave strong bond quality to the wood flooring. The fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the adhesive joint between fancy veneer and plywood. The critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$) of boliva overlayed wood flooring was increased with increasing molar ratio and this was the same tendency in oak overlayed wood flooring. From the results, the formulated adhesives were efficiently used to bond fancy veneer onto the plywood to make wood flooring and showed a potential to be used as a component of environmentally friendly adhesive resin systems for production of flooring.