• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2020

산업화 이후 다양한 화학물질의 생산과 이용은 우리 삶의 질을 높이는데 기여하였지만 그로 인한 대량의 폐기물 방출은 필연적이며 환경오염은 날이 갈수록 심각해지고 있다. 환경오염에 의한 화학물질의 노출은 인간의 건강과 생태계에 악영향을 주고 있다. 우리의 삶에 영향을 줄 수 있는 오염된 환경을 정화하는 것은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 광범위한 석유화학제품의 사용으로 인해 독성 난분해성 방향족화합물이 토양, 지하수, 폐수 등에서 빈번하게 검출되고 있다. 특히 합성수지, 합성섬유, 염료, 살충제, 방부제 등의 원료로 사용되는 페놀은 주요 오염물질이며, 호흡곤란, 두통, 구토, 돌연변이, 발암 등을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 페놀분해균주인 DWB-1-8을 섬유폐수에서 분리, 동정하였으며 16S rRNA유전자 염기서열분석결과 Comamonas testosteroni로 동정 되었다. 본 실험 균주의 최적 생장 및 최적페놀분해 배양 조건은 0.7% K₂HPO₄, 0.6% NaH₂PO₄, 0.1% NH₄NO₃, 0.015% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.001% FeSO₄·7H₂O, 초기 pH 7 및 30℃ 였으며, 다른 독성 화합물인 벤젠, 톨루엔 혹은 크실렌(BTX)을 유일탄소원으로 이용하여 생장할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1343-1351
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• 2008

The activated sludge obtained from wastewater coke oven plant was immobilized by entrapment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The effects of several factors on the biodegradation of $CN^-$ from. synthetic wastewater were investigated using batch and continuous reactors. The degradation rate of $CN^-$ increased with increasing of the immobilized bead volume in the reactor. Approximately 7.65mg/L of $NH_4-N$ was produced upon the degradation of 35mg/L of $CN^-$. When high concentrations of the toxic cyanide complex were used in the testing of cyanide degradation, the free activated sludge could be inhibited more than that of the immobilized activated sludge. When the phenol concentration was higher than 400mg/L in the synthetic wastewater, approximately 98.4% of $CN^-$ was removed within 42 hours by the immobilized activated sludge. However, the cyanide was not completely degraded by the tree activated sludge. This indicates that high phenol concentrations can act as a toxic factor for the free activated sludge. A $CN^-$ concentration of less than 1mg/L was achieved by the immobilized sludge at the loading rate of 0.025kg $CN^-/m^3-d$. Moreover, it was found that the HRT should be kept for 48 hours in order to obtain stable treatment conditions.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 매립장 침출수 같은 중금속과 유기물을 함께 함유하고 있는 폐수를 처리하기위하여, Fe(III)을 활성탄, 모래, 불가사리와 같은 담체에 첨착 및 코팅시킨 흡착제를 사용하였다. 제조된 Iron Impregnated Activated Carbon(Fe-AC), Iron Coated Sand(ICS), Iron Coated Starfish(ICSF)는 EPA 3050B 방법을 통하여 각 매질에 함유된 철 함량을 분석하였으며, 회분식 반응조에서의 흡착실험을 통하여 각 흡착제의 Mn(II), Zn(II) 및 Cu(II)의 제거성능을 비교하였다. Fe-AC 및 ICS의 철 함유량은 각각 1,612 mg/kg 및 1,609 mg/kg으로서 매우 유사하였으며 ICSF의 철 함유량은 1,768 mg/kg으로 ICSF의 철 코팅함량이 다른 두 가지에 비해 150 mg/kg 정도 높게 나타났다. 회분식 실험에서의 Mn(II), Zn(II), Cu(II)의 제거효율은 ICSF, Fe-AC, ICS의 순으로 높은 제거율을 보였다. 각 흡착제를 단일 및 다중층으로 충전한 칼럼반응기에 의한 연속식 실험결과, 단일 흡착제에 비해 ICS, Fe-AC, ICSF의 순으로 충전한 시스템에서 높은 중금속 및 페놀제거효율을 나타내었으며, Cu(II)와 Zn(II)에 대해서는 뚜렷한 파과능을 보였으나 Mn(II) 제거율은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 각 흡착제를 병합 충전한 다중층 칼럼반응시스템은 중금속 및 phenol제거에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.76-93
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• 1997

Activated carbon is widely used for the treatment of water, wastewater and other liquid wastes. Biological activated carbon (BAC) process is water and wastewater treatment process developed in the 1970's. In addition to activated carbon adsorption, biodegradation organic pollutants occurs in the BAC bed where a large amount of aerobic biomass grows. This results in a long operation time of the carbon before having to be regenerated and thus a low treatment cost. Although the BAC process has been widely used, its mechanisms have not been well understood, especially the relationship between biodegradation and carbon adsorption, whether these two reactions can promote each other or whether they just simultaneously exist in the BAC bed. Also, the phenomenon of bioregeneration has been confused that previously occupied adsorption sites appear to be made available through the actions of microorganisms. And that, because biological process is influenced by low temperature, the mechanism of the BAC process is also effected by temperature variation in our country of winter temperature near the freezing point. Therefore, the objective of this study examines closely the mechanism of the BAC process by temperature variation using phenol as substrate. From this study, biological activated carbon is good substrate removal better than non adsorbing materials (charcoal, sand) as temperature variation, especially low temperature(near $5^{\circ}C$).

• Nano
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1850134.1-1850134.10
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• 2018

Increasing active sites and enhancing electric conductivity are critical factors to improve sensing performance toward phenol. Herein, Ni nanoparticle was successfully anchored on acidified multiwalled carbon nanotube (a-MWCNT) surface by electroless plating technique to avoid Ni nanoparticle agglomeration and guarantee high conductivity. The crystal structure, phase composition and surface morphology were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM measurement. The as-prepared Ni/a-MWCNT nanohybrid was immobilized onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface for constructing phenol sensor. The phenol sensing performance indicated that Ni/a-MWCNT/GCE exhibited an amazing detection performance with rapid response time of 4 s, a relatively wide detection range from 0.01 mM to 0.48 mM, a detection limit of $7.07{\mu}M$ and high sensitivity of $566.2{\mu}A\;mM^{-1}\;cm^{-2}$. The superior selectivity, reproducibility, stability and applicability in real sample of Ni/a-MWCNT/GCE endowed it with potential application in discharged wastewater.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2002

The chemical behavior and properties of the redox state of environmental pollutants were investigated using electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammograms were performed on the compounds to measure the variations in the redox reactions. Temperature and pH were established as influencing the redox potential and current. The electrode reactions were a mixture of quasi-reversible and irreversible Precesses, which changed according to the reaction current. Although the Co(BPA)$_2$ and Cu(BPA)$_2$ compounds were not found to dissociate in wastewater, they were very unstable(K=1.02).

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2000

페놀을 유일한 탄소 및 에너지원으로 이용할 수 있는 Rhodococcus sp. CP01을 침출수로부터 분리하고 회분식 및 연속배양 체제에서 크롬(VI)을 동시에 환원시키는 능력을 추정하였다. 크롬(VI) 환원의 최적 pH 7.0과 페놀 농도 1,000 mg/L에서 최소배지에 주어진 0.25 mM의 크롬(VI)은 CP01 균주에 의해 60시간만에 완전히 환원되었으며, 이때 크롬의 환원속도는 4.17 $\mu$M/hr, 페놀의 분해속도는 38.4 mg.$L^{-1}$.$hr^{-1}$로 측정되었다. 수리학적 체류시간을 100hr으로 유지한 호기성 연속배양 체제에서 크롬(VI)의 농도를 0.0625, 0.125, 그리고 0.25 mM로, 페놀 농도를 1,000~4,000 mg/L까지 변화시키면서 46인간 운전한 결과, 크롬(VI) 0.125 mM과 페놀 3,000 mg/L일 때 유사 steady state에 이르렀으며 이때 크롬의 환원율은 거의 100%로 일정하게 유지되었다. 이 구간에서 계산된 specific reduction rate는 0.34 mg Cr(VI).g $protein^{-1}$.$hr^{-1}$로서 glucose를 생장기질로 이용한 기존의 연구 결과와 유사한 수준으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구는 중금속 크롬(VI)과 방향족 화합물인 페놀을 동시에 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 생물학적 처리 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2012

낙동강 수계는 중 상류 지역에 대규모 공단이 입지하고 있어 그동안 phenol, 1,4-dioxane, perchlorate 등 유해물질에 의한 수질오염사고가 많이 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계에 유출 가능성이 있는 미규제 유해물질 중 반휘발성유기화합물질(semi-volatile organic compoumsds, SVOCs) 10종(dichlorvos, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthaltate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, benzophenone, 4,4'-bisphenol A)에 대하여 디스크형 고상 추출법과 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 정확도 75.6~110.5%, 정밀도 4.6~12.7%, 회수율 72.4~127.9%의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 낙동강 수계에 위치한 하 폐수처리장 및 폐수배출업소 등 공장폐수 시료를 분석한 결과 bis (2-ethylhexyl)adipate, benzophenone, 4,4'-bisphenol A 등 3개 물질이 검출되었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1997

The Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) by potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate is used as a measure of the organic matter content of a sample. Newly proposed $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ analysis method to be list at Korean Official Method was made from analysis and comparison of the experimental process on Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS), American Open Reflux and Closed Reflux Methods. New $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ method had better the qualitative and reproducible COD results than another methods as a result of the tested four times repeatedly by using Lakes water Plant wastewater. The COD data ratio by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ methods was 2-3, 3, 2-17 and 3-4 times respectively when its data had compared with the lakes water and treated water of domestic and experimental wastewater, and raw wastewater which is generated at the manufacturing process of 6 steps and treated wastewater of chemistry source. Its ratio indicated to 2-4 and 2-3 times respectively on raw wastewater and plant wastewater of Chemistry, rubber and plastic, fiber, metal molding source. Oxidation ratio of benzene and ethyl benzene by $KMnO_{4}$ method was nearly zero, but the oxidation ratio by $K$_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ method was 50%, 70% respectively. Also, Oxidation ratio of phenol by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ methods was 80%, 100% respectively, and trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were not nearly oxidizd by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ methods. As the above contents, oxidation ratio and COD results by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ were different from various from various compounds and samples respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to more fully evaluate the potential for chlorophenol degradation in anaerobic sludge. The pH effects on the ring cleavage of phenol and dechlorination of monochlorophenol isomers and dichlorophenl isomers. This study results are as follows ; Each of the monochlorophenol isomers were degraded in anaerobic sludge. The relatives rates were 2-Chlorophenol > 3-Chlorophenol > 4-Chlorophenol. Biodegradation results for the dichlorophenol isomers in anaerobic sludge are such as 2,3-dichlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol was reductively dechlorinated to 3-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol to 4-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol to 2-chlorophenol. The two dichlorophenol isomers which did not contain an ortho Cl substituent 3,4-dichlorophenol and 3,5-dichlorophenol were persistent during the 6-week incubation. The rate of dechlorination was enhanced by the presence of a Cl group ortho, rather than para, to the site of dechlorination.