• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.406-411
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an active 90$^{\circ}$ phase divider for application to MMIC. Because of their very large size, conventional passive 90$^{\circ}$ dividers can't be integrated on MMIC. Therefore, highly miniaturized 90$^{\circ}$ dividers are required for a development of highly integrated MMIC. For this reason, active 90$^{\circ}$ divider is indispensable because active phase divider is much smaller than conventional passive dividers, and it can be integrated on MMIC. In this work, we developed active 90$^{\circ}$ divider with emitter inductor, and it was employed for the operation of the balanced mixer in order to verify the performance of the active 90$^{\circ}$ divider. According to the results, it was found that the active 90$^{\circ}$ divider exhibited good RF performances comparable to conventional passive power dividers.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2009

This paper propose highly miniaturized active $90^{\circ}C$ phase difference power divider and combiner for application to wireless communication system. The conventional passive $90^{\circ}C$ power divider and combiner cannot be integrated on MMIC because of their very large circuit size. Therefore, the highly miniaturized active $90^{\circ}C$ phase difference power divider and combiner are required for a development of highly integrated MMIC. In this paper, the highly miniaturized active $90^{\circ}C$ phase difference power divider and combiner employing InGaAs/GaAs HBT were designed, fabricated on GaAs substrate. According to the results, the circuit size of fabricated active $90^{\circ}C$ phase difference power divider and combiner were $1.67{\times}0.87$ mm and $2.42{\times}1.05$ mm, respectively, which were 31.6% and 2.2% of the size of conventional passive branch-line coupler. The output gain division characteristic of proposed divider circuit showed 8.4 dB and 7.9 dB respectively, and output phase difference characteristic showed $-89.3^{\circ}C$. The output gain coupling characteristic of proposed combiner circuit showed 9.4 dB and 10.5 dB respectively, and output phase difference characteristic showed $-92.6^{\circ}C$. The highly miniaturized active $90^{\circ}C$ phase difference power divider and combiner exhibited good RF performances compared with the conventional passive branch-line coupler.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

A compact dual-band three-way metamaterial power divider is proposed that has three in-phase outputs. Fully printed composite rightand left-handed (CRLH) unequal and equal power dividers are first implemented for 900-MHz and 2.4-GHz bands with the power-division ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. An initial 1:1:1 power divider is then achieved by incorporating the input of the two-way equal block into an output of the unequal block, and trimming the interconnection parameters. The condition of an identical phase at the three outputs of the power divider is then met by devising a hybrid CRLH phase-shift line to compensate for the different phase errors at the two frequencies. This scheme is confirmed by predicting the performance of the power divider with circuit analysis and full-wave simulation and measuring the fabricated prototype. They results show agreement; the in-phase outputs as well as the desirable power-division are accomplished and outdo the conventional techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2017

The proposed variable pawer divider in this paper is composed of one equal power 2-way Wilkinson power divider, two variable phase shifters with 90-degree phase variation to be connected two output paths of the 2-way power divider, and one branchline coupler to combine output signals of two variable phase shifter. The proposed variable power divider can theoretically have an arbitrary power division ratio ranging from ${\infty}:1$ to ${\infty}:1$ due to 90-degrees phase variation of two phase shifter. The proposed power divider circuit fabricates on laminated TLX-9(h=20 mil, er=2.5; Taconic) with a center frequency of 1.7 GHz. The power division ratio of the fabricated prototype varies from about 1:100 to 200:1, with an input reflection characteristic(S11) of below -16 dB, an insertion loss of about -1.0 dB, and an isolation characteristic of below -17 dB between two output ports in the range 1.65-1.75 GHz.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The general six-port phase correlator is comprised of a Wilkinson power divider and three $90^{\circ}$ hybrid coupler, which has less than 10 % bandwidth. In this paper, the six-port phase correlator using two section power divider has 33 % bandwidth and external matching $90^{\circ}$ hybrid coupler with 15 % bandwidth was designed at the center frequency of 2.5 GHz. The simulation result by ADS2003A indicates that RF port and LO port of proposed six-port phase correlator got wide frequency bandwidth of 14 % for VSWR of 1.5. The fabricated six-port phase correlator has a bandwidth of 12 % similar to the simulation result. The maximum phase discrepancy and insertion loss are $6^{\circ}$ and 2.5 dB over a bandwidth, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 춘계종합학술대회 A
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• pp.129-132
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• 2008

The generally six-port phase correlator is comprised of a wilkinson power divider and three $90^{\circ}$ hybrid coupler, got bandwidth performance of less than 10%. in this paper, the six-port phase correlator using two section power divider has 33% bandwidth and external matching hybrid coupler has 15% bandwidth was designed with the center frequency of 2.5GHz. Analysis of the simulation result indicates that RF port and LO port got frequency bandwidth of 13%. Insert loss performance of fabricated six-port phase correlator is incremented, but bandwidth resembles simulation result. And phase tolerance within bandwidth is less than $90^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2018

We propose a wideband 4-way quadrature divider for global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The proposed divider consists of one balun and two 2-way quadrature dividers. In the balun, the input power is divided by a wilkinson divider and the out of phase characteristic is achieved by ${\pm}90^{\circ}$ metamaterial transmission line phase shifters applied two output ports. The structures of two quadrature dividers is similar to that of the balun, but the phase shifters of two output ports are exchanged by ${\pm}90^{\circ}$ metamaterial transmission line. Metamaterial transmission lines are designed by using five LC loaded transmission line (LCL-TL) unit cells. The fabricated 4 way quadrature divider has the phase characteristic of $90^{\circ}{\pm}10^{\circ}$ in 1.165 - 1.61 GHz.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

A VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) and a divide-by-4 high speed frequency divider are implemented using 65nm CMOS technology for 60GHz wireless communication system. The mm-wave VCO was designed by NMOS cross-coupled LC type using current source. The architecture of the divide-by-4 high speed frequency divider is differential ILFD (Injection Locking Frequency Divider) with varactor to control frequency range. The frequency divider also uses current sources to get good phase noise characteristics. The measured results show that the VCO has 64.36~67.68GHz tuning range and the frequency divider divides the VCO output by 4 exactly. The high output power of 5.47~5.97dBm from the frequency divider is measured. The phase noise of the VCO including the frequency divider are -77.17dBc/Hz at 1MHz and -110.83dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset frequency. The power consumption including VCO is 38.4mW with 1.2V supply voltage.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2014

In this paper, a novel unequal broadband out-of-phase power divider (PD) is presented. Double-sided parallel-strip lines (DSPSLs) are employed to achieve an out-of-phase response. Also, an asymmetric dual-band matching structure with two external isolation resistors is utilized to obtain arbitrary unequal power division, in which the resistors are directly grounded for heat sinking. A through ground via (TGV), connecting the top and bottom sides of the DSPSLs, is used to short the isolation components. Additionally, this property can efficiently improve the broadband matching and isolation bandwidths. To investigate the proposed divider in detail, a set of design equations are derived based on the circuit theory and transmission line theory. The theoretical analysis shows that broadband responses can be obtained as proper frequency ratios are adopted. To verify the proposed concept, a sample divider with a power division of 2:1 is demonstrated. The measured results exhibit a broad bandwidth from 1.19 GHz to 2.19 GHz (59.2%) with a return loss better than 10 dB and port isolation of 18 dB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.576-582
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• 2018

In this paper, a planar equi-phase power divider is proposed using fixed phase shifters. As the integrability of a phased array antenna increases for accurate beam steering, a conventional method to excite equi-phase signals to all element antennas, extending the feedline, has spatial limitations. Therefore, the planar equi-phase power divider is designed using a defected ground structure with a planar phase shift function without intentional feedline extension. The defected ground structure has been considered for a low insertion loss and a controllable phase shift, whereas the power divider has been designed and implemented with a port-to-port isolation and a planar configuration.