• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2267-2273
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• 2011

A novel energetic material, 1-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene (APHDNE), was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) at 110 $^{\circ}C$. The theoretical investigation on APHDNE was curried out by B3LYP/6-311+$G^*$ method. The IR frequencies analysis and NMR chemical shifts were performed and compared with the experimental results. The thermal behavior of APHDNE was studied by DSC and TG/DTG methods, and can be divided into two crystal phase transition processes and three exothermic decomposition processes. The enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the first exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as -525.3 kJ $mol^{-1}$, 276.85 kJ $mol^{-1}$ and $10^{26.22}s^{-1}$, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of APHDNE is 237.7 $^{\circ}C$. The specific heat capacity of APHDNE was determined with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 363.67 J $mol^{-1}K^{-1}$ at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of APHDNE was also calculated to be a certain value between 253.2-309.4 s. APHDNE has higher thermal stability than FOX-7.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1992

$TiCl_4-HCl$ 혼합용액으로부터 침전법으로 $TiO_2$를 만들고 이를 황산으로 개질하여 $TiO_2/SO_4{^{2-}}$ 촉매를 제조하였으며 제조된 촉매의 특성을 IR, XPS, XRD 및 DT-TGA로 조사하였다. 개질된 촉매의 산의 세기는 적어도 $H_0{\leq}-14.52$로 초강산 성질을 나타내었으며 이 성질은 $TiO_2$와 황산이온에 의하여 형성된 착물의 S=O 결합성질에 기인하였다. $TiO_2/SO_4{^{2-}}$의 IR spectra를 조사한 결과 황산이온은 $TiO_2$ 표면에 2자리 ligand로 배위하였다. $TiO_2/SO_4{^{2-}}$는 황산으로 개질하지 아니한 순수한 $TiO_2$에 비하여 표면적이 상당히 컸으며 또한 무정형에서 anatase상으로 되는 전이온도도 높았다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 1999

The binder plays important roles in determining the quality of pigment coating. In addition to its primary role of binding the pigment to the base paper, the binder performs several other important functions. The binder, also referred to as the adhesive, is the dominant in the aqueous phase of the formulation. Thus it plays a major role in determining viscosity, rheology, water release, and setting time for the coating. Latices based on styrene-butadiene dominate the market for synthetic paper coating binders. Consumption is high and is expected to increase further due to the present tendeyncy toward high-solids coating. The purpose of this study is understanding the impact of various parameters of latex(i.e. Tg, Particle size) affecting prontabilities and optical properties of the coated papers, as well as providing basic information on the use of amphoteric latex for improving print qualities of coated papers. Recently, amphoteric latices, Which are cationic at low pH's but turn anionic at high pH's have attracted interests of paper scientists and engineers. Therefore we investigated the effect of the Tg(glass transition temperature) and particle size of amphoteric latex on the coating qualities. We also studied the effect of mixing ratios (Amphoteric / Anionic)of latex on the coating qualities. Our results showed that Tg and particle size of amphoteric latex have to be controlled for optimizing coated paper qualities. The formulation consisting of 10 parts of amphoteric latex and 5 parts of anionic latex gave best results in ink receptivity, smoothness, air permeability, opacity and sheet gloss. If the results hold for the industrial paper coatings, the amount of expensive amphoteric latex can be reduced while achieving best available printing quality.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4689-4695
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• 2011

나노다이아몬드는 넓은 적용성 측면을 고려한다면 상대적으로 신물질이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 XRD, EDS, HRTEM, FTIR, Raman 분광기, 열분석 장치와 BET 측정 장치와 같은 다양한 장비를 통해 단결정 폭발 나노다이아몬드와 다결정 합성 나노다이아몬드의 물리화학적 특성들을 고찰하였다. 단결정 폭발 나노다이아몬드는 4nm ~ 6nm 크기의 구형이나 타원 모양이지만, 다결정 합성 다이아몬드는 80nm ~ 120nm 크기의 각이 진 입체도형 모양이다. 단결정과 다결정 나노다이아몬드의 표면은 수산기, 카보닐기, 카복실기 등과 같은 다양한 관능기를 가지고 있다. 질소분위기 하에서 단결정 폭발 나노다이아몬드의 상전이 온도는 대략 $650^{\circ}C$이었다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2007

Biodegradable polymeric blends are expected to be widely used by industry due to their environmental friendliness and comparable mechanical and thermal properties. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) are such biodegradable polymers which aim to replace commodity polymers in future applications. Since cost and brittleness of PLA is quite high, it is not economically feasible to use it alone for day to day use as a packaging material without blending. In this study, blends of PLA and PBS with various compositions were prepared by using a laboratory-scale twin-screw extruder at $180^{\circ}C$. Morphological, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties were investigated on the samples obtained by compression molding to explore suitability of these compositions for packaging applications. Morphology of the blends was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphology showed a clear phase difference trend depending on blend composition. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) thermograms of the blends indicated that the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of PLA did not change much with the addition of PBS, but analysis showed that for PLA/PBS blend of up to 80/20 composition there is partial miscibility between the two polymers. The tensile strength and modulus were measured by the Instron Universal Testing Machine. Tensile strength, modulus and percentage (%) elongation at break of the blends decreased with PBS content. However, tensile strength and modulus values of PLA/PBS blend for up to 80/20 composition nearly follow the mixing rule. Rheological results also show miscibility between the two polymers for PBS composition less than 20% by weight. PBS reduced the brittleness of PLA, thus making it a contender to replace plastics for packaging applications. This work found a partial miscibility between PBS and PLA by investigating thermal, mechanical and morphological properties.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

황철석에 대한 압축성 연구를 다이아몬드 앤빌 기기 및 방사광을 이용하고 에너지분산 X-선회절법을 적용하여 상온에서 시행하였다. 황철석의 체적탄성률은 실험조건과 실험기기에 따라 매우 큰 변이를 보이고 있는데 이는 압력전달매체의 특성에 따른 것으로 알려져 있다. $FeS_{2}#1$(황철석+NaCl)과 $FeS_{2}#2$(황철석+MgO)에 대해 압력전달 매체로 각각 NaCl과 유체를 이용하여 체적탄성률 138.9 GPa와 198.2 GPa를 각각 얻었다. 이러한 값은 시료방의 압력상태에 따른 예측 결과치에 대치되는 것으로 그 원인은 압력전달액체의 상변이에 따른 것으로 추정되며 이외에 고상검출기의 차이, E*d값의 차이 등도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 모든 실험은 포항가속기연구소 1B2 빔라인에서 시행되었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2003

In the undercooled melt of $Pd_{40}Cu_{30}Ni_{10}P_{20}$ alloy, the solidification behavior including nucleation and growth of crystals at the micrometer level has been observed in-situ by use of a confocal scanning laser microscope combined with an infrared image furnace. The $Pd_{40}Cu_{30}Ni_{10}P_{20}$ alloy specimens were cooled from the liquid state to glass transition temperature. 575 K, at various cooling late under a helium gas flow. According to the cooling rate, the morphologies of the solidification front are changed among various types, irregular jog like front, columnar dendritic front, cellular grain, star like shape jog and fine grain, etc. The velocities of the solid-liquid interface are measured to be $10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-8}$ m/s which are at least two orders higher than the theoretical crystal growth rates. Combining the morphologies observed in terms of cooling rates and their solidification behaviors, we conclude that phase separation takes place in the undercooled molten $Pd_{40}Cu_{30}Ni_{10}P_{20}$ alloy. The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram was constructed from solidification onset time at various linear cooling conditions with different rate. The CCT diagram suggests that the critical cooling rate for glassy solidification is about 1.5 K/s, which is in agreement with the previous calorimetric findings.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

Shape memory alloys(SMAs) have revolutionized the material engineering sciences as they exhibit exclusive features i.e. shape memory effect(SME) and super-elasticity. SMAs are those alloys that when deform return to their predeformed shape upon heating, they also restore their original shape by removing the load. Research on properties of newly advent of several types of ferrous based shape memory alloys(Fe-SMAs), shows that they have immense potential to be the counterpart of Nitinol(NiTi-SMA). These Fe-SMAs have been used and found to be effective because of their low cost, high cold workability, good weldability & excellent characteristics comparing with Nitinol(high processing cost and low cold workability) SMAs. Some of the Fe-SMAs show super-elasticity. Fe-SMAs, especially Fe-Mn-Si alloys have an immense potential for civil engineering structures because of its unique properties e.g. two-way shape memory effect, super elasticity and shape memory effect as well as due to its low cost, high elastic stiffness and wide transformation hysteresis comparative to Nitinol. Further research is being conducted on SMAs to improve and impinge better attributes by improving the material compositions, quantifying the SMA phase transition temperature etc. In this research pre-existing Fe-SMAs are categorised and collected in a tabulated form. An analysis is performed that which category is mostly available. Last 50 years data of Fe-SMA publications and US Patents is collected to show its importance in terms of increasing research on such type of alloys to invent different compositions and applications. This data is analysed as per different year groups during last 50 years and it was analysed as per whether the keywords exist in title of an article or anywhere in the article. It was found that different keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, almost don't exist in the title of articles. However, these keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, exist inside the article but still there are not too many publications related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.658-665
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of the sodium salts of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) on the dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of two sets of poly(styrene-co-sodium methacrylate) (MNa) and poly(styrene-co-sodium styrenesulfonate) (SNa) ionomers. When the DCA content was relatively low, the ionic moduli of the MNa and SNa ionomers increased but the matrix and cluster glass transition temperature ($T_g$) did not change significantly. The increasing ionic modulus was almost independent of the type of the ionic groups of the ionomer, and the chain length of DCAs. When a large amount of the sodium succinate (DCA4) was added to the MNa and SNa ionomers, the ionic moduli of the two ionomers increased strongly but the matrix and cluster $T_g's$ increased slightly and significantly, respectively. In the case of sodium hexadecanedioate (DCA 16), DCA 16 increased the ionic moduli of the two ionomers. The addition of DCA16 changed the matrix and cluster $T_g's$ of the MNa ionomer slightly, but decreased the cluster $T_g$ of the SNa ionomer significantly with no change in the matrix $T_g$. In addition, the DCA-containing ionomers showed an X-ray diffraction peak indicating the presence of ordered domains of DC As in the ionomers. Hence, DCA4 acts mainly as a reinforcing filler in MNa and SNa systems. In the case of DCA 16, it initially behaved like a filler but also functioned as a preferential plasticizer for the clusters at high content.

• 청정기술
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 열변색 물성을 향상시키기 위한 방안의 하나로 0~0.5 at % 범위의 티타늄을 도핑한 이산화 바나듐(Ti-VO₂)을 제조하였다. Ti-VO₂ 입자들은 바나딜설페이트, 중탄산암모늄, 사염화 티타늄 등을 사용하여 바나듐 화합물 전구체를 제조한 후 열분해법을 이용하여 제조하였다. 제조된 시료들의 결정 구조, 형상, 화학적 구조 및 열변색 특성은 X-선 회절분석기, 전계방사 주사전자현미경, X-선 광전자 분광기, 시차주사열량분석기, 자외선-가시광선-근적외선 분광기 등을 이용하여 분석하였다. 제조된 Ti-VO₂ 입자들은 단사 결정계를 지니고 있고, 또한 티타늄이 이산화 바나듐 결정내에 잘 도핑되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 티타늄 도핑량이 증가함에 따라 최종 Ti-VO₂ 입자들의 크기가 작아지고 상전이 온도가 낮아졌으며, 또한 NIR switching efficiency는 증가하였다.