• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2013

A study on the structures of the pharyngeal bones and teeth in two Korean ricefishes, Oryzias latipes and O. sinensis, was carried out to find out interspecfic differences. In the pharyngeal bones, both two species have a pair of upper pharyngeal bone (stilliform shape) and lower pharyngeal bone (rectangular shape). In the lower pharyngeal bones, in particular, the number of the row was 6 to 7 in O. latipes and 5 to 6 in O. sinensis. The pharyngeal teeth also showed different types in two species: O. latipes of a top-hooked type and O. sinensis of a conical type. Through this study, we confirmed that the two Korean ricefishes show distinctive characteristics in the structure of the pharyngeal teeth.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-8
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• 1964

1. A total of 260 individuals of carp was collected from Nakdong and Hyungsan Rivers. 2. The normal dental form of carp is 3, 1, 1-1, 1, 3, but the author observed abnormal dental forms (3, 2 or 1, 1, (+1)-1, 1 or 2, 3). 3. Variation ratios of dental forms are : A. Normal form; 3, 1, 1-1, 1, 3..........88.85% B. Abnormal forms; a. 3, 2, 1-1, 1 or 2, 3..........2.31% b. 3, 1, 1, 1-1, 1 or 2, 3..........5.00% c. 3, 2, 1, 1-1, 1 or 2, 3..........3.07% d. with 2 or 3 bone processes..........0.77% 4. The ratios among the length of first row (I), length of second tooth in first row ($I_{-2}$) and mid line(M) are as follows; 5. The growth of bone process beside second row tooth is not concerned with the body growth. 6. The number of the groove on second tooth in first row increases according to the growth of body.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.68-84
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• 1993

Matured adults of chum salmon were collected from Namdae-chun River, Yangyand-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea in december of 1989 and 1990. Artificial insemination was made in the field. Hatching and neasing were cassied out in laboratories of the Yangyand Fisheries Institute and Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute : Ossification of bones of alevin, fry and smolt were investigated : 1. The newly hatched alevins, 1.80 to 2.56mm in total length, were ossified partly on parasphenoid, maxillary, dentary and opercle bones. 2. The alevin stage, the visceral bones connected with feeding and respiratory function were ossified earlier than cranium and vertebra. At swim up stage, the fry attained 3 to 4cm in total length, most of bones except cranium were ossified. 3. Teeth on the jaw bones, palatine, vomer, upper and lower pharyngeal bones were increased conspicuously when the body length were ranged from 3 to 4cm. 4. Caudal fin of hatched larvae had already seventeen occified rays and developed earlier than any other fins.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1963

The characteristics of the pharyngeal bones and their teeth in Korean Cyprinids fishes, as a rule, are summarized as follow : 1. The materials 13 genera and 17 species from Nak Dong River. 2. Breadth of bone about 2.8(Cyprinus carpio) to 4.9(Culter brevicauda) in bone length. Length of bone about 8.5(Carassius carassius ) to 20.2 (Pseudogobio esocinus ) in body length. Breadth of pitted surface about 66%(Carassius carassius) to 85%(Acanthorhodeus asmussi ) of breadth of bone. 3. The position and distinct ratio of anterior angle correlated. 4. Posterior limb always longer than anteriro, but posterior edentulous process not shorter than anterior's or equal. 5. Zacco platypus with pitted surface on anterior limb , but Z.temmincki without it. 6. Teeth one to three rowed in accordance with the differences of each genus : a. one rowed genera ..... Carassius , Pseudorasbora, Sarcocheilichthys (Sakiyae), Pungtungia, Acheilognathus, Acanthorhodeus. b. two rowed genera ........ Pseudogobio, Gnathopogon, Tribolodon. c. Three rowed genera .... Cyprinus, Hemibarbus, Zacco , Culter 7. Teeth of main (primary ) row with four or five teeth is symmetrized exceptive three genera (Tribolodon, Zacco, Culter). 8. Grinding surface and bill type correlated. 9. In Acheilognathus, A.Yamatsutae have one or two indistinct serration but each individual is unlike.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 1998

Structures of jaw bones, gill rakers and pharyngeal bones of the three Pomadasys species collected from Arafura sea of Indonesia in May 1996 were described and illustrated to compare between species. The percentage of ascending process of premaxillary to head length was 21.6~23.3% in Pomadasys kaakan, 25.4~27.8% in P. maculatus and 15.3~21.0% in P. argyreus. The percentage of ascending process of premaxillary to premaxillary was 54.7~72.8% in P. argyreus, 107.8~114.9% in P. kaakan and 126.7~136.7% in P. maclllatlls. The ascending process of premaxillary of P. argyreus showed a tendency to increase as fish grow. Each jaw in all three grunters had a row of conical teeth exteriorly, but 1 to 5 rows of niddle like teeth interiorly. Among the three species examined, P. maculatus showed the most developed teeth. Pharyngeal bone, appeared to be stronger than jaw teeth, contained dense needle like teeth in P. argyreus, where as that in P. kaakan and P. maculatus had long and slender teeth exteriorly but thicker interiorly. Gill rakers of P. kaakan and P. maculatus are short, but those of P. argyreus are long.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 1999

Elongation of the styloid process (styloid syndrome, Eagle's Syndrome) is named after Eagle who insisted the styloid process as a cause of pain but distinguishable from the glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Eagle's syndrome is characterized by a dull nagging pharyngeal pain, a palpable hardness in the tonsillar fossa, radiopaque elongation and enlargement of the syloid process. This is to report two cases of Eagle's Syndrome. The clinical and radiological features, development and pathogenesis of the Eagle's Syndrome and pathologic findings of the calcified styloid ligaments were described with review of literatures. The external cervical approach to resect the enlarged calcified processes can be an option due to better visualization and accessbility, less infection at risk than intra-oral approach. The findings and results were as follows ; 1. The calcified styloid ligaments accompanied with throat pain were reseded in size of $5.5{\times}48mm(#1,\;Rt)$, $3.6{\times}5mm(#1,\;Lt)$, $5.2{\times}51mm(#2,\;Rt)$ and $3.1{\times}38mm(#2,\;Lt)$. 2. The submandibular approach to resect the calcified styloid process is of help to get better visibility and accessiblilty avoiding the injury to the deep cervial vital structures. 3. The resected styloid processes were examined histopathologically as the matured cortical bones with marrow structures or cartilagenous cells without any findings of neoplasmic changes. 4. The remained process did not show any noticeable regrowth in 3 years after surgical amputation.